Postpartum copulation and induction of pregnancy in roof rats (Rattus rattus)

Two groups of 10 female roof rats were mated either in cycling or postpartum estrus to provide a quantitative comparison of copulatory behavior and to compare the stimulus requirements for the initiation of pregnancy. Animals in both estrous conditions were mated to one ejaculation, three ejaculations and to sexual satiety in repeated tests. The results indicate there were no differences between estrous conditions in the qualitative patterns of copulation but that males achieved more intromissions in the first series of postpartum tests than in cycling estrous tests. The stimulus requirements for pregnancy initiation were not found to vary as a function of estrous condition, however it was found that postpartum matings resulted in more pups per litter than did cycling estrous matings. The results were discussed with regard to the functional significance of species differences in copulatory behavior and in stimulus requirements for pregnancy.     

卵巢低反应者体外受精-胚胎移植的临床结局分析

目的评估首次体外受精-胚胎移植时表现为卵巢低反应的患者接受再次体外受精-胚胎移植治疗的实际意义和调整临床处理过程的价值。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至12月间在北京大学第三医院生殖中心进行体外受精-胚胎移植的206个卵巢低反应病例,共288个周期的临床资料。结果206例卵巢低反应病例首次IVF-ET时临床妊娠率为22%。其中82例接受了再次IVF-ET,临床妊娠率为40.6%,高于首次IVF-ET,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P<0.05),再次IVF-ET的E2峰值,取卵数以及移植胚胎数均高于首次IVF-ET,经统计学检验差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论首次IVF-ET卵巢低反应的患者经过调整促排卵方案,接受再次IVF-ET时临床妊娠率有所提高。     

孕、产妇血清和胎儿脐带血血清骨钙素水平的动态变化

目的　为阐明孕妇和胎儿骨钙素 (osteoblastic)代谢规律 ,对各孕周期妇女外周血和胎儿脐带血骨钙素水平的动态变化进行研究。方法　采用荧光酶联免疫法对 14 2例孕妇、2 2例产妇及 34例不同孕龄胎儿的脐带血骨钙素水平进行检测。结果孕妇血清骨钙素随妊娠发展逐渐下降 ,至孕中期最低 (3.3± 1.4 6 ) μg/L ,随后又逐渐升高。分娩即刻产妇血清骨钙素 (12 .81± 4 .2 8) μg/L显著高于妊娠各阶段的水平 (P <0 .0 1) ,产后数日即显著下降至接近妊娠前的基线水平。脐带血骨钙素水平在孕中期最低 (0 .88± 0 .39) μg/L ,随后则升高 ,并且自孕 2 4w起保持于接近母体血清骨钙素水平。结论这段妊娠期是胎儿骨钙积累活跃的阶段 ,这种恒定的骨钙素水平对胎儿骨骼系统的正常发育 ,可能具有重要意义     

5992例孕产妇梅毒筛查与分析

目的 了解妊娠期梅毒的流行情况及对围产结局的影响。方法 对5992例孕产妇进行甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）筛查，对TRUST阳性病例再进行梅毒螺旋体血清颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）确诊。并对围产结局进行观察分析。结果 5992例孕产妇，检出梅毒患者43例（0．72％），其中30例经青霉素治疗的患者其新产儿经半年以上随访无1例感染梅毒，在未治疗的13例患者中有10例分娩的新生儿TPPA滴度均≥1：40，其中2例为先天性梅毒。1例为死亡梅毒婴儿。结论 开展妊娠期梅毒血清学的产前筛查，加强对妊娠期梅毒的治疗，对减少先天性梅毒的发生尤为重要。     

体外受精-胚胎移植患者妊娠率与年龄及多精受精关系的研究

目的探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）患者的妊娠率与年龄及多精受精的关系。方法收集1234个IVF-ET治疗周期,回顾分析不同年龄组的妊娠率及其与多精受精的关系。结果随着年龄的增长,患者IVF-ET周期的妊娠率和多精受精率均降低,并且同年龄组多精受精发生周期的妊娠率高于非多精受精组。结论女性的年龄与IVF-ET周期的妊娠率和多精受精的发生呈负相关,年龄与多精受精率都可作为预测IVF-ET结果的临床指标。     

Contractile activity of neonatal heart cells in culture derived from offspring of exercised pregnant rats

Summary 5-day-old neonatal offspring of exercised or non-exercised pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were used to prepare primary cultures of beating myocardial cells. The cells from the exercise group exhibited a slower beating rate for both single and aggregate cells; a larger cell size; an increased percentage of contracting cells; a greater capacity to form confluent monolayers, and a greater viability. It was concluded that exercise during the period of pregnancy produced morphological alterations in the myocardium of the progeny.     

How communication about risk and role affects women’s decisions about birth after caesarean

Objective

This study investigated how health care provider communication of risk information, and women’s role in decision-making, influenced women’s preferences for mode of birth after a previous caesarean birth.

肿瘤坏死因子 α抑制剂对妊娠的影响

 肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）是类风湿关节炎（RA）发病和维持关节慢性滑膜炎症反应的最重要的致炎性细胞因子之一，它在 T 细胞依赖的炎症性肠病（IBD）发病机制中也起着十分重要的致炎作用。大量临床研究证实，TNF-α抑制剂（TNFAI）可改善 RA 患者关节功能，减少 RA临床活动性，并延缓关节损坏的进展^[1]。各种 TNFAI 也逐渐用于治疗其他风湿性疾病，如银屑病、幼年特发性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎等。某些 TNFAI 被证明对难治性 IBD 有效。目前经美国 FDA 批准上市的 TNFAI 类药物共有 3 种，它们是依那西普（Etanercept，商品名Enbrel），英利西单抗（Infliximab，商品名 Remicade）和阿达木单抗（Adalimumab，商品名Humira）。依那西普是 II 型TNF受体（TNFR-II）与 IgG1-Fc 的融合蛋白，用药方式为皮下注射。英利西单抗是由人 IgG1-Fc 和鼠 Ig 可变区组成的嵌合体 TNF-α 单抗，阿达木单抗是人源 IgG1 型 TNF-α 单抗，这2 种药物均经静脉注射给药[1]。TNFAI的主要不良反应有注射部位反应、感染、肿瘤、淋巴增殖性疾病、神经脱髓鞘病变以及狼疮样综合征^[1]。由于风湿性疾病多累及生育年龄女性，同时以 TNFAI 为代表的生物制剂应用越来越广泛，TNFAI 对妊娠是否有影响日益受到临床关注。我们复习了2007 年 2 月1日以前 PubMed 中关于上述 3 种 TNFAI对妊娠影响的临床观察文献，现综述如下。......     

颈交感神经干离断对妊高征大鼠胎盘NO含量及NOS基因表达的影响

目的：观察颈交感神经干离断（TCST）对妊高征（PIH）大鼠胎盘一氧化氮（NO）含量及内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)基因表达的影响。方法:妊娠大鼠随机分5组,每组15只。对照组（C）：自妊娠14 d开始皮下注射生理盐水至孕20 d;妊高征1组、2组（H1、H2）：自妊娠14 d开始皮下注射L-NAME分别为125 mg·kg-1·d-1和62.5 mg·kg-1·d-1，至孕20 d；手术组（O）：妊娠第14 d行右TCST，余同B1;假手术组（S）：妊娠第14 d行右颈交感神经干分离，但不离断，余同 H1。孕21 d剖宫取仔。观察孕鼠血压、尿蛋白，胎鼠的大小、体重、畸形率、死亡率，胎盘NO含量、eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA表达。结果:（1） 血压、尿蛋白除基础值外H1、H2组各时点值明显高于C组(P<0.01)；H2组明显低于H1组(P<0.01)；O组与C组相比差异无显著(P>0.05)。（2）胎鼠体重、大小 H1、H2组明显低于C组（P<0.01）；H1组明显低于H2组（P<0.05，P<0.01）;O组与C组相比差异无显著(P>0.05)。死亡率、畸形率变化与上述指标相反。（3）胎盘NO含量及eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA表达 H1、H2组明显低于C组（P<0.01）；H1组明显低于H2组（P<0.01，P<0.05）;O组明显高于H1组 （P<0.01），且与C组比无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：TCST可保护孕鼠免受妊高征的影响，可能与其具有改善孕鼠胎盘组织eNOS mRNA、iNOS mRNA表达和NO含量有关。     

The distribution of fetal nuchal translucency thickness in normal Korean fetuses

The aim of present study was to establish normative data for the distribution of nuchal translucency (NT) thickness in normal Korean fetuses. The data were collected from pregnant women with singleton pregnancies in whom fetal ultrasound was performed and the fetal NT thickness was measured between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. Among them, a total of 2,577 fetuses with a known normal outcome were included in this study. The distribution of multiple of median (MoM) values of the NT thickness with crown-rump length (CRL) in 10-mm intervals and the 95th percentile of MoM were calculated with the linear regression method. The present study showed that NT measurements increase with increasing CRL and a false positive rate increases with increasing gestational age. Therefore, a fixed cut-off point through the first trimester was not appropriate and each NT measurement should be examined according to the gestational age. The present study offers normative data of the fetal NT thickness in a Korean population, which can be used as reference for screening chromosomal aberrations or other congenital abnormalities in the first trimester.