妊娠合并重症肝炎剖宫产术的麻醉处理

目的分析晚期妊娠合并重症肝炎行剖宫产术围麻醉期的麻醉处理。方法我院1990～2004年合并重症肝炎产妇行剖宫产术12例,ASAⅢ～Ⅳ级,按麻醉方式分为两组:全身麻醉组(G组,6例),硬膜外麻醉组(E组,6例)。收集资料包括两组产妇术前一般情况;术中出血量、尿量、输液量、手术时间、胎儿娩出时间;新生儿Apgar评分;两组手术前后肝功能指标的变化;两组凝血物质使用及凝血功能的比较。术后母婴恢复情况。结果两组产妇术前的凝血功能比较,G组Plt值明显小于E组(P<0.05),PT、APTT则大于E组(P<0.05)。两组凝血物质使用无显著性差异。术中出血量、尿量、输液量、手术时间、胎儿娩出时间无显著性差异。两组新生儿Apgar评分无显著性差异。两组术前、术后肝功能指标无显著性差异。结论应根据患者的凝血功能选择麻醉方式。麻醉处理的要点在于维持呼吸循环的稳定,改善凝血功能及尽量应用对肝功能损害少的药物。     

Pregnancy following incontinence surgery

A two-page questionnaire was distributed to 304 members of the American Urogynecology Society. Ninety-nine of the 149 respondents reported that they had performed continence surgery on patients who specifically stated their desire for future childbearing. One hundred and eleven recommended the Burch colposuspension, 29 favored the sling procedure, and others advocated different procedures. Urologists as a subset more often recommended either a sling or needle suspension. Twenty-eight percent of respondents felt a trial of labor and vaginal delivery was indicated following incontinence surgery, but 40% stated that they would always perform cesarean section in these patients. A total of 40 vaginal deliveries and 47 cesarean sections were reported. When postpartum continence status was known, only 73% of women who had vaginal deliveries were continent, whereas 95% were continent following cesarean section. Fisher's exact test revealed this to be a statistically significant difference (P=0.0344).The opinions expressed in this article do not reflect the views or opinions of the United States Navy or the Department of Defense.Editorial Comment: This study presents interesting information about current practice trends regarding a difficult medical situation without any clear guidelines. However, whether any true clinical consensus was reached based on the data collected is questionable. The study does, however, serve to open the topic of how to manage the incontinent female who desires further childbearing, for further study. Clearly, more rigorous objective data are needed before far-reaching statements can be made regarding the route of delivery following incontinence surgery.     

Changing management of gallstone disease during pregnancy

Background: Symptomatic gallstones may be problematic during pregnancy. The advisability of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is uncertain. The objective of this study is to define the natural history of gallstone disease during pregnancy and evaluate the safety of LC during pregnancy. Methods: Review of medical records of all pregnant patients with gallstone disease at the University of California, San Francisco, from 1980 to 1996. Results: Of approximately 29,750 deliveries, 47 (0.16%) patients were treated for gallstone disease, including biliary colic in 33, acute cholecystitis in 12, and pancreatitis in two. Conservative treatment was attempted in all patients but failed in 17 (36%) cases. Two patients required combined preterm Cesarean-section cholecystectomy and 10 required surgery in the early postpartum period for persistent symptoms. Seventeen patients required cholecystectomy during pregnancy for biliary colic (10), acute cholecystitis (six), and pancreatitis (one). Three patients were treated with open cholecystectomy. Fourteen patients underwent LC at a mean gestational age of 18.6 weeks, mean OR time of 74 min, and mean length of stay of 1.2 days. Hasson cannulation was utilized in 11 patients. Reduced-pressure pneumoperitoneum (6–10 mmHg) was used in seven patients. Prophylactic tocolytics were used in seven patients, with transient postoperative preterm labor observed in one. There were no open conversions, preterm deliveries, fetal loss, teratogenicity, or maternal morbidity. Conclusions: In past years, symptomatic gallstones during pregnancy were managed conservatively or with open cholecystectomy. LC is a feasible and safe method for treating severely symptomatic patients. Received: 3 April 1997/Accepted: 5 July 1997     

彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产切口处妊娠诊治中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声在剖宫产术后子宫前壁峡部切口处早期妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析12例CSP的超声声像图特征,包括病灶周边的血流分布、RI等。12例采用全身药物治疗后配合超声引导下绒毛植入区注射甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和米非司酮或从孕囊内抽吸囊液再注射MTX,其中4例在超声引导下行清宫术,治疗后对子宫前壁下段切口处的血流分布和RI等进行对比分析。结果:12例中,4例经超声引导下清宫后病理证实,8例经超声和临床明确诊断;9例超声显示为单纯孕囊型,3例为不均质团块型。12例治疗前后病灶长径、宽径差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05),子宫前壁下段肌层厚度增加(P0.000 1),病灶回声减低、周边及内部血流信号减少,RI升高(P0.000 1)。结论:超声是诊断CSP的首选方法,保守治疗者可在超声引导下局部注射MTX。超声同时可指导选择清宫治疗时机,评价治疗效果。     

胚胎移植后血β-HCG值预示孕早期妊娠结局的价值

目的探讨卵母细胞受精后17d(D3胚胎移植后14d或D5胚胎移植后12d)血β-HCG值与早期妊娠结局的相关性。方法分析我院2012年1月至2015年1月通过IVF/ICSI/FET助孕方式成功受孕并按时返院复查的患者共523例,按照血β-HCG值分组,分析各组早孕期不同妊娠结局的发生率;用ROC曲线分析血β-HCG值预测早孕期各种妊娠结局的意义以及界值。结果随着卵母细胞受精后17d血β-HCG值增加,患者的生化妊娠率由60.0%降至0,多胎率由0增加至13.3%,胚胎停育率由55.6%下降至0,宫外孕率由22.2%下降至0;血β-HCG值预测生化/临床妊娠的界值为213.15U/L,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.917,敏感度0.848,特异度0.906;预测单胎/胎妊娠的界值为986.65U/L,AUC为0.906,敏感度0.828,特异度0.713;预测双胎/三胎的界值为2 206.5U/L,AUC为0.611,敏感度0.333,特异度0.069;预测单胎停育/持续妊娠的界值为270.57U/L,AUC为0.631,敏感度0.889,特异度0.406。结论卵母细胞受精后17d血β-HCG值可以较好预测生化/临床妊娠以及单胎/多胎妊娠;而对于双胎/三胎、单胎停育/持续妊娠的预测价值不大。     

HCG注射前雌二醇水平下降是否影响PCOS患者IVF/ICSI结局?

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者在控制性促排卵(COH)过程中,HCG注射前雌二醇(E2)水平下降对IVF/ICSI-ET助孕结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2011年7月至2014年7月期间,在中信湘雅生殖与遗传专科医院行辅助生殖助孕,COH过程中出现HCG注射前E2下降的95例PCOS患者的临床资料;选择同期年龄、体重指数(BMI)相匹配,COH过程中HCG注射前E2持续上升或HCG日与HCG注射前一日E2水平一致的95例PCOS患者为对照。又将E2下降组分为2个亚组:Gn减量组及自发性下降组。比较各组的基础资料、IVF/ICSI助孕结局及卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)的发生情况。结果 (1)Gn减量组的BMI及Gn使用总量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。HCG前一天E2水平在E2下降组显著高于对照组(P=0.00),其中,Gn减量组(16 663.90±5 163.20)pmol/L显著高于对照组(9 537.20±4 002.60)pmol/L(P0.05)。而HCG日E2水平,在自发性下降组(9 191.40±4 494.10)pmol/L显著低于Gn减量组[(13 726.10±4 570.60)pmol/L]及对照组[(13 499.90±5 096.20)pmol/L](P0.05)。自发性下降组COH过程中E2峰值显著低于对照组和Gn减量组(P0.05)。Gn减量组的E2下降程度与自发性下降组比较,无显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)IVF/ICSI结局方面,各组的回收卵母细胞数无显著性差异(P0.05),但E2下降组的卵母细胞回收率显著低于对照组(75.64%vs.93.73%,P=0.00),其中Gn减量组卵母细胞回收率最低(73.56%),自发性下降组居中(84.76%),对照组最高(93.73%);各组的优胚率、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率、因OHSS取消移植率、中重度OHSS发生率比较,均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论PCOS患者在COH过程中出现HCG注射前E2的下降,可能会导致卵母细胞回收率下降,但无论自发性下降或是Gn减量所致的下降,并不影响IVF/ICSI的临床结局。     

抗苗勒氏管激素水平对IVF-ET妊娠结局的预测价值评估

目的评估抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)水平对于体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)临床妊娠结局的预测价值。方法选择在本中心行IVF/ICSI治疗的患者150例,按年龄将其分为35岁组(n=90)和≥35岁组(n=60)。于月经第2~4d测定患者的血清基础卵泡刺激素(bFSH)和基础AMH(bAMH)水平,同时进行阴道B超窦卵泡计数(AFC);于患者接受促性腺激素(Gn)刺激卵巢第6天测定血清AMH水平(Gn6AMH)及取卵日测定其卵泡液中AMH水平(FFAMH)。评估各检测指标与IVF-ET临床妊娠结局的相关性,并绘制患者受试工作曲线(ROC),分析并寻找各检测指标预测IVF-ET临床妊娠结局的临界点。结果患者年龄35岁时,卵泡液中AMH水平(FFAMH)与IVF-ET临床妊娠结局有显著正相关性(r=0.468,P0.01),当FFAMH水平≥6.590ng/ml时其预测IVF-ET临床妊娠结局的敏感度为78.8%,特异性为81.6%,曲线下面积ROC-AUC为0.859(P0.01),具有良好的预测价值;患者年龄≥35岁时,各个测定指标与临床妊娠结局均无显著相关性(P0.05)。结论对于年轻患者(年龄35岁),卵泡液中AMH水平对IVF-ET临床妊娠结局有较高的预测价值;当患者年龄≥35岁时,AMH水平无法预测其临床妊娠结局。     

血管紧张素转换酶2和血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与妊娠糖尿病孕妇及正常孕妇血脂水平的相关性研究

目的探讨血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）单核苷酸多态性位点rs2285666和rs2106809及血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）插入／缺失（I／D）多态性与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）孕妇及正常孕妇妊娠中晚期血脂水平的相关性。方法选取GDM孕妇344例,糖耐量正常（NOT）孕妇417例。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）及聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法检测ACE2及ACE基因多态性,并于孕24～28周留取受试者空腹静脉血检测总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）、载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）、载脂蛋白B（ApoB）和脂蛋白a[Lp（a）]水平。结果GDM和NGT两组间ACE2 rs2285666、rs2106809和ACE I／D基因型及等位基因分布频率均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。GDM患者的TG水平显著高于NGT孕妇[（2．69±0．95）mmol／L vs（2．38±0．81）mmol／L]（P〈0．05）,HDLC水平显著低于NGT孕妇[（2．11±0．46）mmol／L vs（2．20±0．43）mmol／L]（P〈0．05）。将受试者按ACE2 rs2285666、rs2106809ACE和ACE I／D基因型分组,ACE DD基因型组TC、LDLC水平高于ACEⅡ组,分别为（6．33±1．09）mmol／L vs（6．05＋0．96）mmol／L、（3．62±0．89）mmol／L vs（3．39±0．79）mmol／L（P〈0．05）,进一步将受试者分别按ACE I／D基因型分组,NGT组DD基因型受试者TC和LDLC水平明显高于Ⅱ基因型组,分别为（6．46±1．20）mmol／L vs（6．06±0．95）mmol／L和（3．73±1．03）mmol／L vs（3．43±0．77）mmol／L（P〈0．05）,而GDM组各基因型组之间各血脂水平无显著差异。结论ACE I／D多态性与孕妇孕中晚期血脂水平有关,NGT组DD基因型孕妇比Ⅱ基因型孕妇的TC、LDL水平高,GDM可能也存在ACE I／D多态性对孕妇妊娠中晚期血脂水平的影响。     

Peripartum anesthetic management of patients with aortic valve stenosis: a retrospective study and literature review

BackgroundAnesthetic management of parturients with aortic stenosis is controversial. Early studies suggest maternal mortality was related to cardiac condition and anesthetic care. In this report, management of parturients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis in two institutions is compared, and published cases are reviewed.MethodsPeripartum anesthetic management of all parturients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis who gave birth between 1990 and 2005 at our institutions, is described. Patients with mild or non-valvular aortic stenosis were excluded.ResultsThere were 12 parturients, six with moderate and six with severe aortic stenosis. Two patients with moderate aortic stenosis were New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification II, the others were asymptomatic. Five patients with severe aortic stenosis were symptomatic (NYHA classification II or III). Two patients with moderate and three with severe aortic stenosis underwent cesarean delivery; epidural anesthesia was used for two. Two patients with moderate and all with serious aortic stenosis were observed postpartum for 24 to 48 h in a high-dependency unit. There were no severe maternal or neonatal complications.ConclusionsCarefully titrated regional analgesia is usually well tolerated in patients undergoing vaginal or cesarean delivery even in the presence of severe aortic stenosis. Standard monitoring is usually adequate for vaginal delivery, but invasive monitoring may facilitate management in some patients. An arterial line allows close monitoring of systemic blood pressure. Facilities for close 24-48-h post-partum observation should be available. A multidisciplinary approach is needed.     

输卵管妊娠的介入治疗(附20例报道)

目的 开辟简便、安全 、疗效可靠、无损伤、痛苦小的药物介入治疗输卵管妊娠的新途径。方法 对２０例未破裂输卵管妊娠患者,在电视监视下,将３Ｆ导管通过套管送入到患侧输卵管内,把溶于１０ml生理盐水中的３０mg氨喋呤,以每分钟２～３ml速度注入,５min注射完。结果 ２０例１次插管治疗成功。血清绒毛膜促性腺激素术后第５天开始下降,２１～２８d降至正常水平。妊娠囊块２～２．５个月吸收,６例治疗后３个月输卵管造影示