甲状腺腺叶切除术精细化操作技术临床结果初步报告

目的 回顾总结集程序化、精细化操作与质控为一体的甲状腺腺叶切除术外科模式在甲状腺全切除术中临床应用结果.方法 2013年5月至2014年8月应用该外科模式实施甲状腺全切除72例,按程序化的设计和步骤进行精细化操作完成手术,对手术切口、手术时间、术中出血量、术中重要结构保护、切口愈合、术后并发症、患者满意度情况进行总结.结果 颈部第二皮纹切口更符合患者立位的社会属性;一侧腺叶手术时间30 ～ 50 min;出血约2～5 ml;无喉上神经损伤,出现暂时性喉返神经麻痹4侧,术后3～4周均自行恢复;暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退10例,术后4～6周自行恢复;切口均一期愈合;手术切口非常满意66例,满意4例,可接受2例.结论 集程序化、精细化操作与质控为一体的甲状腺腺叶切除外科模式对甲状腺手术的实施是一种良好的外科模式,对标准化流程的建立、质控和临床教学均有积极的推动作用.     

准分子激光角膜切削术矫治白内障摘除术后屈光参差

目的　观察准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术 (PRK)矫治白内障摘除术后屈光参差的疗效。方法　对 2 4例 (31只眼 )白内障摘除术后屈光参差患者行PRK ,观察手术前、后患者的视力、屈光度数、屈光参差度数 ,以及手术并发症的情况。随访时间 12 2个月。结果　PRK术后术眼的视力明显提高 ,与术前比较差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;PRK术后术眼的球镜屈光度数为 (1 12± 0 5 5 )D ,散光度数为 (0 4 9± 0 38)D ,均较术前明显下降 ,差异均有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。PRK术后患者双眼的屈光参差度数由术前的 (3 4 4± 1 0 7)D降至 (0 5 8± 0 31)D ,差异有非常显著意义(P <0 0 1)。术中和术后无严重并发症发生。结论　在临床尚无法进一步提高人工晶状体屈光度数计算结果准确性时 ,PRK可有效矫治白内障摘除术后的屈光参差 ,且具有安全、可靠等优点。     

术后胆道镜取石的护理

目的 探讨术后胆道镜取石的护理经验.方法 回顾性分析237例(384例次)术后胆道镜取石的临床护理资料.结果 术后胆道镜取石结石完全取净率达90.3%,并发症均不严重.结论 针对术后胆道镜取石的一系列护理措施.有助于手术的成功开展.     

Factors associated with postoperative recovery after laparoscopic and abdominal hysterectomy

Objectives

To determine whether the day-by-day recovery of general wellbeing was faster in women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy than in total abdominal hysterectomy and to analyse the association between stress coping and sick-leave and the day-by-day recovery measured as general wellbeing.

Study design

A randomised multicentre trial conducted in five hospitals in the South East of Sweden. Hundred and twenty-five women scheduled for hysterectomy for benign conditions were enrolled in the study and 117 women completed the study. Fifty-five women were randomised to abdominal hysterectomy and 62 to laparoscopic hysterectomy. Day-by-day recovery of general wellbeing was measured by a visual analogue scale 1 week preoperatively, 35 days postoperatively, and during 1 week 6 months postoperatively. Stress-coping capability was measured preoperatively using a specific psychometric measurement. Sick-leave was granted with an initial period of 14 days and prolonged on patient demand with 7 days periods.Effects of operating method and stress-coping ability on the day-by-day recovery adjusted for postoperative complications and analgesics were analysed by means of analysis of variance for repeated measurements.

Results

No significant difference was found in the day-by-day recovery of the general wellbeing between the operating methods. Stress-coping ability did significantly influence the day-by-day recovery of general wellbeing. Duration of sick-leave was associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications but not with stress-coping ability.

Conclusions

The day-by-day recovery of general wellbeing is not faster in laparoscopic hysterectomy than in abdominal hysterectomy. Women with high stress-coping abilities have a better outcome in general wellbeing than women with low stress-coping capacity. Identification of women with low stress-coping abilities and prevention of complications might be of benefit for improving postoperative wellbeing.     

结直肠肿瘤患者术后焦虑评分同术后并发症的相关性

目的 了解结直肠肿瘤患者术后焦虑评分对术后并发症的影响.方法 前瞻性纳入2010年2月至5月四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组126名结直肠癌确诊患者,并根据焦虑评分分为3组,组间比较术后并发症发生率;评估分析患者术后焦虑的相关因素;探索术后焦虑评分同患者术后并发症发生率的临界评分值.结果 3组间术后并发症发生率有着明显不同(χ2＝17.904,P＜0.001),同时可能焦虑组(焦虑评分＜7～13分)术后并发症发生率低于无焦虑组(焦虑评分＜7分)(χ2＝11.027,P＝0.002)及焦虑组(焦虑评分>14)(χ2＝20.677,P＜0.001),无焦虑组及焦虑组差异无统计学意义(χ2＝1.636,P＝0.274);术后焦虑的主要危险因子有费用类型(P＝0.053),居住地(P＝0.018),内科合并症(P＝0.014),新辅助化疗(P＝0.053),DUKES分期(P＝0.009),术后普食天数(P＝0.001);而分析得术后焦虑评分的临界值为17分,术后焦虑评分>17分时患者术后并发症发病率较高(χ2＝12.538,P＝0.004).结论 结直肠癌患者术后焦虑评分同术后并发症的发生有着一定的相关性,焦虑评分高者更易发生术后并发症,但适度的焦虑患者术后并发症的发生率相对较低.     

膝关节镜手术后应用氟比洛芬酯镇痛的疗效观察

目的观察膝关节镜手术后应用氟比洛芬酯镇痛的疗效和安全性。方法将接受膝关节镜手术的80例患者随机分成两组,每组40例患者,氟比洛芬酯组术后应用氟比洛芬酯静脉镇痛,芬术尼组术后应用芬太尼静脉镇痛,对比两组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇静评分(Ramsay)评分和不良反应发生率。结果两组在各个时间点的VAS评分和Ramsay评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但氟比洛芬酯组不良反应发生率更低,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜手术后应用氟比洛芬酯镇痛效果好,不良反应明显减少,值得在膝关节镜手术后推广应用。     

阑尾切除术后并发症的原因及综合防治临床分析

目的:探讨阑尾炎切除术后并发症的原因及防治措施。方法:将我院1996年12月~2006年12月施行阑尾切除术的1860例患者,其中18例术后并发症的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:经规范的治疗后本组病例全部治愈,本组阑尾炎术后并发症发生率为0.97%,其中切口感染8例,腹壁窦道形成2例,腹腔内出血2例,粘连性肠梗阻3例,肠瘘1例,腹腔内脓肿1例,切口疝1例。结论:正确诊断,规范手术操作,术中仔细探查,规范的治疗可明显降低术后并发症的发生率。     

Treatment of secondary pneumothorax with interstitial lung disease: the surgical indications at the start of treatment is important

BackgroundSecondary pneumothorax with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is often difficult to treat in comparison to primary pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actual management and outcome, and to find the most effective treatment.MethodsAmong 180 patients with pneumothorax caused by ILD, who were managed between January 2000 and April 2021, 129 patients were included. Fifty-one patients with observation only were excluded. In the present study, a patient was considered to be cured if their chest tube could be removed.ResultsThe managements included chest tube drainage alone (n=41), pleurodesis (n=67), bronchoscopic treatment (n=14), and surgery (include overlapping cases) (n=25). The mean number of pleurodesis treatments was 2.4 (range, 1–9), and the most frequently used agent was blood-patch. All patients who received bronchoscopic treatment underwent bronchial occlusion with silicon spigots. The surgical procedures included bullectomy (n=20), lung cyst ligation (n=3), pleural covering with oxidized cellulose sheet (n=1), and spraying of fibrin glue alone (n=1). One hundred patients (77.5%) were curatively treated, 27 patients (20.9%) died, and 2 patients were transferred without chest tube removal. Among 25 patients who received surgery [including 6 patients with performance status (PS) ≥2], 24 patients (96.0%) were cured, and 1 patient died due to an acute exacerbation of ILD after surgery. The univariate analysis revealed that PS ≥2 and >3 pleurodesis treatments were significant non-curative factors, while steroid treatment before the development of pneumothorax was not.ConclusionsThe outcomes of surgery for pneumothorax in patients with ILD were good, and it is desirable to consider the surgical indications.