前臂后外侧中段穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的应用解剖

目的为前臂后外侧中段穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣提供解剖学基础。方法在30侧动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本上解剖观测:①前臂后皮神经走行与分布;②前臂后外侧中段穿支与前臂后皮神经营养血管间的吻合关系。另在1侧新鲜标本上进行摹拟手术设计。结果①前臂后皮神经主干行于前臂背侧,约在指伸肌与尺侧腕伸肌之间下行达腕背部,分布于前臂后外侧1/3区域;②营养血管为多节段、多源性,其中前臂后外侧中段穿支的位置相对恒定,在指伸肌与桡侧腕短伸肌的肌间隙、旋后肌与拇长展肌之间(肱骨外上髁下12.5～15.8cm范围内)穿过深筋膜至皮下,并分出众多的细小血管与前臂后皮神经的神经旁和神经干血管链的分支密切吻合,在指伸肌与桡侧腕短伸肌之间形成顺沿肌间隙和前臂后皮神经纵轴的血管丛。结论可以前臂后外侧中段穿支为蒂形成皮神经营养血管皮瓣转位修复前臂、腕部软组织缺损。     

经后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的解剖学研究及应用

目的为经膝关节后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折提供解剖学基础。方法 (1)福尔马林浸泡的防腐成人下肢标本20例,解剖观察并测量与膝关节后外侧入路相关的主1要血管、神经的走行特点,膝关节后外侧主要肌肉、韧带的分布。(2)新鲜冷藏下肢标本4例,按照设计的入路进行模拟手术,评估该入路的可行性。(3)在解剖学研究的基础上,临床应用12例,观察该入路的临床效果。结果膝关节后外侧入路的手术切口全长均不经过腓总神经主干;深层经腓肠肌外侧头外侧和比目鱼肌肌间隙分离,保护了内侧的血管神经束;胫前血管在腓骨头下方(4.15±0.36)cm处自腘动脉发出,影响了远端的显露,但足够复位固定简单的后外侧骨折。临床应用12例,均取得了满意的疗效。结论经膝关节后外侧入路治疗简单的胫骨平台单纯后外侧骨折具有安全,损伤小,暴露充分,临床效果良好等优点,有一定的推广价值。     

Clinical studies on posterior cruciate ligament tears have weak design

Very few studies in the literature focus on isolated PCL injury. Recent studies are in general more optimistic with regard to the results than previous reports. There are few randomized controlled trials and few prospective comparative studies, which may limit the value of the reported results. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the methodology of published studies according to a well-established scoring system. Studies with a high success rate have a low score on methodology design. This study was based on systematic review and level 3 evidence. We performed a literature search and included studies in which the primary aim was to report the outcome after management of isolated PCL injury. The quality of the studies was evaluated using a modified Coleman methodology score, which results in a score between 0 and 100. Studies were also assessed with use of level-of-evidence rating. We collected data on the year of publication, reported results after surgery and conservative treatment, and the outcome scales used to assess the results. Forty studies were included. The average methodology score was 52. No significant difference in outcome was detected between conservative and surgical management. Our hypothesis that a low Coleman score would yield a good clinical result was not verified. This could be caused by the fact that there were very few studies with a high Coleman score. The Coleman methodology score correlated positively with the year of publication and with the level-of-evidence rating. In the 40 reported studies, 12 different outcome scales were used. In conclusion, the generally low methodological quality shows that caution is required when interpreting results after management of injury to the PCL. Firm recommendations on what treatment to choose cannot be given at this time on the basis of these studies. More attention should be paid to methodological quality when designing, conducting and reporting trials. An erratum to this article can be found at     

纳米晶胶原基骨材料在腰椎后外侧植骨融合中的临床应用

目的探讨使用纳米晶胶原基骨材料(nHAC/PLA)进行腰椎后外侧植骨融合的可行性和效果.方法随访分析了52例腰椎多节段椎板切除减压、后外侧植骨融合辅助椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗各类腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效,植骨材料采用nHAC/PLA材料颗粒和自体骨颗粒混合,随访3~15月,采用VAS疼痛10分法和中华医学会骨科分会脊柱外科组手术疗效标准评估手术疗效;腰椎正、侧位及屈、伸动力侧位X线检查判定融合情况.结果所有病例随访中切口情况良好、未出现排异和感染等迹象;6月和1年术后功能恢复优良率分别为84.8%和89.5%,融合率分别为54.5%和84.2%,假关节发生率为0,椎弓根螺钉无松动和移位.结论纳米晶胶原基骨材料在腰椎后外侧植骨融合中应用是安全的,具有良好的人体生物相容性,在腰椎后外侧植骨融合中可作为自体骨移植的补充,两者混合使用效果接近自体骨,可以弥补减压过程中自体骨的不足,避免再取髂骨.     

关节囊及外旋肌群修补在后外侧入路初次全髋关节置换术的应用

目的探讨关节囊及外旋肌群修补在后外侧入路初次全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)中的临床意义和手术方法。方法回顾分析2008年1月~2011年8月后外侧入路初次THA术患者186例,根据术中是否修补关节囊及外旋肌群将患者分为两组:A组90例,"T"形切开关节囊,术毕将关节囊及外旋肌群原位缝合于大转子后方;B组96例,切除后关节囊,术毕未行外旋肌群修补。对两组患者的手术时间、出血量、引流量、术后首次下地时间、感染、早期脱位率、Harris评分进行比较。结果随访12~42个月(平均27.5±7.8个月),其中A组随访(27.2±7.9)个月,B组随访(27.9±7.8)个月。手术时间、感染率、术后Harris评分无明显差异,余各项指标A组均优于B组。结论后外侧入路THA术中关节囊及外旋肌群修补,创伤小,出血少,有利于增加髋关节的稳定性,有效的降低早期脱位率。     

两种不同的手术方法对矢状面失平衡的腰椎滑脱的治疗效果比较

目的　比较腰椎管减压后外侧融合内固定术和腰椎管减压环状融合内固定术对矢状面失平衡的腰椎滑脱的治疗效果。方法　对 42名LASD大于 3 5mm的腰椎滑脱患者进行了回顾性研究。其中2 2名患者行椎管减压后外侧融合内固定术另外 2 0名患者行椎管减压环状融合内固定术。对两组患者的术前、术后以及随访终末的LASD、Boxall指数、滑脱角、腰椎前凸角、椎间隙高度分别加以比较 ,同时对两组患者术后的恢复率、融合率、下腰痛以及下肢痛评分进行比较。结果　环状融合内固定组患者平均随访时间为 2 0个月 ,后外侧融合内固定组患者的平均随访时间为 2 3个月。两种手术方法均取得了满意的疗效 ,恢复率分别为 74 3 4%和 72 2 8%。但是后外侧融合内固定组患者的下腰痛评分较高 (P <0 0 1 )植融合率也低于环状融合内固定组 (P <0 0 5 )。后外侧融合内固定组患者术后LASD、滑脱角、腰椎前凸角、椎间隙高度的改善在随访期不能得有效维持。结论　对矢状面失平衡的腰椎滑脱来说 ,椎管减压环状融合内固定术更具生物力学优势 ,可提高植骨融合率和降低术后下腰痛的发生 ,应作为首选的手术方法     

腰椎后外侧融合内固定术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效分析

目的:分析腰椎后外侧融合内固定术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年6月—2009年6月采用腰椎后外侧融合内固定术治疗的54例退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料。结果:54例腰椎管狭窄症患者经手术治疗后,随访6个月至两年,平均12.5个月,所有患者术后见跛行得到改善,其中,下肢肌力障碍恢复患者49例(90.7%),肌萎缩患者均有所恢复;48例感觉障碍患者,见完全恢复20例(41.7%),见部分恢复24例(50%),见无明显恢复4例(8.3%)。所有患者术后影像学检查,术前腰椎滑脱症状均得到矫正,椎弓根内固定位置较好,未见松动。结论:腰椎后外侧融合内固定术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效满意,椎弓根内固定可使滑脱椎体复位,并有利于相邻椎体间的稳定及椎间融合。