膝关节后外侧角生物力学特性的研究*

目的研究膝关节后外侧角的功能解剖和生物力学，为临床治疗膝关节后外侧角的损伤提供解剖学和生物力学数据。方法选择新鲜的冷冻尸体8具。男5具，女3具。解剖显露膝关节后外侧角结构主要是腓侧副韧带、腘肌腱、腘腓韧带。剔除软组织，只保留腓侧副韧带、腘肌腱、腘腓韧带。在生物力学机上行牵拉试验（分别单独测试三个结构），记录疲劳断裂数值。并作统计学分析。结果生物力学牵拉试验显示腓侧副韧带、腘腓韧带、腘肌腱的疲劳断裂强度分别为287N、289N、695N。腘肌腱的疲劳断裂强度明显高于其它两个结构，相比有明显的统计学差异（P=0．05）。结论三个结构的疲劳断裂数值研究说明它们在断裂前能够抵抗较大的负荷，其损伤后对膝关节稳定性是有明显的影响的，也表明了对其重建来说是很必要的。也对重建移植物的选择提供了生物力学依据。     

后外侧入路与后内侧入路治疗踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅳ度损伤疗效对比

目的探讨后外侧入路与后内侧入路在治疗踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅳ度损伤疗效对比。方法从2011年6月至2014年3月,采用后外侧入路及后内侧入路分别治疗旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折患者28例,术后采用采用Baird-Jackson踝关节功能评分评定踝关节功能,结果行统计学对比。结果所有患者均得到随访,随访时间平均为6¹9个月,骨折临床愈合时间为319个月,骨折临床愈合时间为3⁶个月,平均4.5个月。所有病例无皮肤坏死、内固定物松动、断裂及骨不连等并发症的发生。疗效评价参考Baird-Jackson踝关节功能评分后外侧入路治疗组治疗优良率优于后内侧入路观察组,结果对比差异有统计学意义。结论采用后外侧入路在踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅳ度损伤治疗中,显露清晰,固定可靠,允许早期功能锻炼,是治疗踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅳ度损伤有效治疗手段。     

不同载荷下3种固定方式治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的有限元分析

目的探索不同轴向载荷下3种固定方式(外侧钢板螺钉组、后侧钢板螺钉组、前后拉力螺钉组)治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的生物力学特性差异。方法利用胫骨平台CT图片的相关数据建立胫骨平台后外侧1/2和1/4骨折3种固定方式的实体模型,进行网格划分。分析不同轴向载荷作用下,3种固定方式治疗胫骨平台后外侧1/2和1/4骨折模型的受力状况。结果 1 k N轴向载荷下,对于1/2骨折固定模型,外侧钢板螺钉组、后侧钢板螺钉组、前后拉力螺钉组骨折块的位移分别为552.082、67.964、54.085μm,内固定物的应力分别为306.745、231.844、73.047 MPa;对于1/4骨折固定模型,外侧钢板螺钉组、后侧钢板螺钉组、前后拉力螺钉组骨折块的位移分别为416.072、302.107、150.639μm,内固定的应力分别为306.673、208.467、73.607 MPa。1.5 k N轴向载荷下,各种固定方式下骨折块的位移和内固定物的应力都相应增加,数据的变化趋势同1 k N载荷情况相似。结论两种载荷下,不同骨折模型均显示前后拉力螺钉组的生物力学稳定性最具优势,后侧钢板螺钉亦可以获得相近的力学特性。在临床工作中,对于移位不明显的胫骨平台后外侧骨折,前后拉力螺钉固定方式可以作为首选。     

Mid-term clinical results of minimally invasive decompression and posterolateral fusion with percutaneous pedicle screws versus conventional approach for degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis

Introduction

In order to minimize perioperative invasiveness and improve the patients’ functional capacity of daily living, we have performed minimally invasive lumbar decompression and posterolateral fusion (MIS-PLF) with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. Although several minimally invasive fusion procedures have been reported, no study has yet demonstrated the efficacy of MIS-PLF in degenerative spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine. This study prospectively compared the mid-term clinical outcome of MIS-PLF with those of conventional PLF (open-PLF) focusing on perioperative invasiveness and patients’ functional capacity of daily living.

Materials and methods

A total of 80 patients received single-level PLF for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. There were 43 cases of MIS-PLF and 37 cases of open-PLF. The surgical technique of MIS-PLF included making a main incision (4 cm), and neural decompression followed by percutaneous pedicle screwing and rod insertion. The posterolateral gutter including the medial transverse process was decorticated and iliac bone graft was performed. The parameters analyzed up to a 2-year period included the operation time, intra and postoperative blood loss, Oswestry-Disability Index (ODI), Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ), the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and the visual analogue scale of low back pain. The fusion rate and complications were also reviewed.

Results

The average operation time was statistically equivalent between the two groups. The intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the MIS-PLF group (181 ml) when compared to the open-PLF group (453 ml). The postoperative bleeding on day 1 was also less in the MIS-PLF group (210 ml) when compared to the open-PLF group (406 ml). The ODI and RMQ scores rapidly decreased during the initial postoperative 2 weeks in the MIS-PLF group, and consistently maintained lower values than those in the open-PLF group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The fusion rate was statistically equivalent between the two groups (98 vs. 100%), and no major complications occurred.

Conclusion

The MIS-PLF utilizing a percutaneous pedicle screw system is less invasive compared to conventional open-PLF. The reduction in postoperative pain led to an increase in activity of daily living (ADL), demonstrating rapid improvement of several functional parameters. This superiority in the MIS-PLF group was maintained until 2 years postoperatively, suggesting that less invasive PLF offers better mid-term results in terms of reducing low back pain and improving patients’ functional capacity of daily living. The MIS-PLF utilizing percutaneous pedicle screw fixation serves as an alternative technique, eliminating the need for conventional open approach.     

前外侧微创入路与后外侧常规入路全髋关节置换的临床研究

目的：比较前外侧微创入路与后外侧常规入路全髋关节置换术之间的临床疗效。方法2010年1～12月我科实施全髋关节置换术的39例患者,其中18例为前外侧微创入路（微创组）,21例为后外侧常规入路（常规组）。比较两组临床指标（手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量及术前、术后3天、6个月、1年Harris评分）及主要并发症发生率。结果微创组切口长度、术中出血量明显低于常规组,术后3天Harris评分高于后外侧常规入路组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。其他临床指标及主要并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论前外侧微创入路全髋关节置换术早期疗效优于后外侧常规入路全髋关节置换术,但长期随访二者疗效无明显差异。     

Treatment of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture involving the postero-lateral condyle with a medial support plate and a row of screws北大核心CSCD

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of a medial support plate and a row of screws in the treatment of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture involving the postero-lateral condyle. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of the data of 26 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xian Jiaotong University for Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture involving the postero-lateral condyle from December 2015 to December 2020. There were 17 males and 9 females, aged from 19 to 51 years (average, 36. 1 years). All their fracture lines involved the postero-lateral condyle and all fractures were fixated with a medial support plate and a row of screws via one medial and one lateral incisions. Recorded were the operation time, hospital stay, blood loss, incision length, fracture healing, complications, quality of knee joint reduction and knee joint function at the last follow-up. Results The length of hospital stay ranged from 8 to 16 days, averaging 10. 4 days. The 26 patients were followed up for 8 to 18 months, with an average of 14. 3 months. All the fractures got united after 11 to 17 weeks (average, 13. 7 weeks). During the follow-up, no reduction loss, internal fixation failure or surgical complications were observed. Rasmussen radiographic scores at the last follow-up ranged from 11 to 18 points, averaging 16. 1 points. The range of motion of the knee joint ranged from 0° to 140。， averaging 120. 8°. The Rasmussen scores of the knee function ranged from 14 to 28 points, averaging 24. 4 points. Conclusion In the treatment of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fracture involving the posterolateral condyle, the use of a medial support plate and a row of screws can achieve satisfactory clinical results. © The Author(s) 2022.     

矿化胶原基材料与BMP－2复合用于兔腰椎横突间融合

目的 用兔的脊柱后路横突间融合模型来评价一种新型的仿生矿化胶原基质：nHAC／PLA复合或不复合生长因子rhBMP-2的骨形成能力。方法64只兔子分为4组：自体髂骨，nHAC／PLA，自体骨 nHAC／PLA，nHAC／PLA BMP-2。术后6周和10周观察。结果自体骨 nHAC／PLA和nHAC／PLA BMP-2与自体骨移植的效果相当。结论nHAC／PLA BMP-2可代替自体骨移植用于骨科手术中。     

后外侧入路手术治疗三踝骨折的效果及对创面修复和骨折愈合速度的影响

目的 探讨后外侧入路手术治疗三踝骨折的效果及对创面和骨折愈合速度的影响。方法 选取 2021年12月-2022年12月于合肥市骨科医院住院治疗的70例三踝骨折患者为研究对象，按照随机数字表法 分为对照组和观察组，每组35例。对照组行传统入路手术治疗，观察组行后外侧入路手术治疗，比较两组 手术相关指标、术后康复指标、踝关节功能恢复情况及切口美观满意度。结果 观察组手术持续时间短于 对照组，术中出血量、术后引流量均低于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组创面愈合时间、骨折愈合时间、住 院时间均短于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组踝关节功能优良率为88.57%，高于对照组的62.86%（P＜0.05）； 观察组切口美观满意度（CS）评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 后外侧入路手术治疗三踝骨折的效果良 好，可有效减少手术给患者带来的创伤，有利于缩短愈合时间及住院时间，改善踝关节功能，且患者的切 口美观满意度较高。