后外侧微创切口全髋置换术与常规全髋置换术疗效比较

目的比较后外侧微创切口全髋置换术与常规全髋置换术的疗效,并分析后外侧微创切口全髋置换术在临床应用上的优缺点。方法选择48例需全髋关节置换患者随机分为微创组和对照组各24例,微创组采用后外侧微创切口全髋置换术治疗,对照组采用常规全髋置换术治疗。记录患者的性别、年龄、体重、手术时间、术中术后出血量、切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间、术后Harris评分、并发症等。随访时间为3～18个月,平均12个月。结果微创组在术中术后出血量、手术切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间显著低于对照组(P0.05),在术后Harris评分、术后并发症等方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论采用后外侧微创切口全髋置换术进行人工全髋置换可明显缩短手术时间,降低术后并发症及假体位置不当的风险,具有手术创伤小,失血量少,可以早期进行关节功能锻炼等优点。     

3DCubeT2WIMRI测量前交叉韧带双束结构的研究

目的:应用3D Cube T2WI核磁共振成像斜冠状位重建图像显示前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)双束结构,并测量其解剖指标.方法:19例经临床确诊的健康志愿者行双膝关节3D Cube T2加权MRI检查.分别在斜冠状位重建图像测量前内侧束(anteromedial bundle,AMB)和后外侧束(posterolateral bundle,PLB)的股骨止点、胫骨止点宽度、韧带长度及走行角度.应用Mann-Whitney test比较AMB和PLB的长度,止点宽度和走行角度在不同性别间的差异,并进一步对测量所产生的差异进行Logistic回归分析.结果:AMB和PLB的平均长度分别为31.01mm和25.38mm;股骨止点平均宽度为10.6mm和9.47mm;胫骨止点平均宽度为11.28mm和8.49 mm;走行角度平均为72.01°和64.97°.AMB、PLB的股骨止点、胫骨止点宽度及走行角度在不同性别间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).然而,男性AMB和PLB韧带长度大于女性(P＜0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示这种差异与身高成正相关(P＜0.05).结论:各向同性3D Cube T2加权序列及其重建图像所显示的ACL双束结构;以及股骨止点宽度、胫骨止点宽度、长度及走行角度的精确测量结果,可为个性化制定ACL双束重建术方案提供有价值的依据.     

Spina bifida occulta in isthmic spondylolisthesis: a surgical trap

An 11-year-old girl presented with symptomatic grade IIB isthmic type spondylolisthesis, with an elongated pars, confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Posterolateral in situ fusion of L5/S1 was performed. At surgery, a significant bony defect in the posterior aspect of S1 was noted. Awareness of this possible co-existence is paramount if iatrogenic damage to neural elements is to be avoided during surgery.     

前外侧及后外侧入路切除颅颈交界区脊(延)髓前方及侧方肿瘤附18例临床分析

目的 对前外侧及后外侧入路治疗颅颈交界区脊(延)髓前方及侧方肿瘤的手术方法、手术指征进行讨论。方法 18例病例包括10例脑膜瘤，7例神经鞘瘤及l例转移瘤。手术方法包括前外侧入路l例，后外侧入路16例(20次)，前外侧 后正中入路1例。结果 肿瘤全切16例(其中3例复发后又行l～2次手术)，部分切除2例，l例在C1-2关节切除后行内固定。本组无手术死亡。结论 后外侧入路可用于处理颅颈交界区脊(延)髓前方或侧方硬膜下肿瘤及部分哑铃型肿瘤，安全显露并控制椎动脉的方法为沿C1后弓骨膜下由内向外分离。前外侧入路可用于C1横突侧方或椎前间隙的病变，与后正中入路联合可用于多数哑铃型肿瘤，显露椎动脉的方法为首先找到C1横突，然后沿上、下斜肌及肩胛提肌分离出C1-2之间及C1后弓上方的椎动脉。术后MRI复查十分重要，对复发良性肿瘤建议再手术。     

PLF与PLIF手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较

目的:对比研究后外侧融合(PLF)与经后路椎体间融合(PLIF)治疗Ⅰ度和Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法:67例腰椎滑脱症患者分为PLF组32例,PLIF组35例。两组年龄、病程、术前临床表现及影像学资料相近似。PLF组JOA评分16.3±7.8分,PLIF组14.5±6.5分。两组均进行了后路椎板减压,短节段经椎弓根钉系统复位与固定。结果:PLF组手术时间平均187min,出血量平均680ml;PLIF组手术时间248min,出血量平均945ml。PLIF组慢性下腰痛改善明显高于PLF组(P=0.042),而临床疗效JOA评分两组间无显著性差异。骨融合率PLF组74.8%,PLIF组94.3%(P=0.011),经随访PLF组矫正率丢失30.9%,而PLIF组为9.8%(P<0.05)。PLF组各种并发症19例,PLIF组11例。结论:PLF与PLIF手术均是治疗腰椎滑脱症的有效术式,PLIF手术时间较长,创伤大,但骨融合率高,内固定失败率低,滑脱矫正率丢失少,晚期慢性下腰痛发生率低。     

Posterolateral approach to thoracic disk herniations through transversoarthropediculectomy

The authors describe an approach by transversoarthropediculectomy in three cases of herniation of thoracic disks. The technique permits the initial approach to locate the vasculoneural elements and leaves these intact. We underline certain rules: osteotomy of the vertebral bodies located above and below, possible laminectomy after excision of the herniated disk fragment, and posterior osteosynthesis.     

Effects of Anterolateral and Posterolateral Cuts Around the Medial Hypothalamus on the Immunoreactive ACTH and β-Endorphin Levels in Selected Brain Regions of the Rat

To evaluate the relative weight of the ACTH-ergic and β-endorphin-ergic pathway(s) leaving the medial hypothalamus (MH) in anterior or posterior directions immunoreactive ACTH and β-endorphin (ir-ACTH and ir-βE) were quantified in selected brain regions of the rat 7–8 days after placing anterolateral (ALC) or posterolateral (PLC) cut around the MH. Retrograde accumulation of both peptides was observed in the MH after ALC, but not after PLC. ALC resulted in dramatic decrease in ir-ACTH/ir-βE concentrations in all extra-MH brain regions tested (extra-MH hypothalamus, septum, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and medulla oblongata). In contrast, ir-ACTH and ir-βE levels decreased only in the thalamus and in the medulla oblongata after PLC. The present data indicate (a) ACTH- and βE-like substances synthesized in the arcuate region of the hypothalamus are axonally transported to extrahypothalamic brain regions by neuronal pathways leaving the MH primarily anterolateral, anterodorsal, or anteromedial direction (even the fibers of certain posteromedial or posterolateral projections leave the MH some anterior directions); (b) the posterior ACTH-/βE-ergic projections seem to be of minor importance except for the thalamus and the medulla oblongata where it contributes to about one-third of the peptide content. Our biochemical study provide quantitative complementary data to the detailed immunohistochemical picture of the ACTH/βE-ergic projections in the rat brain described by Khachaturian et al. [5].