胸腰椎骨折术后内固定松动、断裂的原因及预防

目的 探讨椎弓根螺钉系统用于胸腰椎骨折术后出现松动、断裂的原因，并提出相应的预防对策。方法 12例胸腰椎骨折术后内固定失效病例，采用RF系统3例，AF系统9例。均未行植骨融合，AF系统中未按要求安装横连结3例，术后伤椎前缘高度平均恢复至正常的85．2％。结果 术后8—21个月出现棒断裂4例，螺钉断裂3例，钉帽松动5例。结论 内固定物的自身问题、术者的经验欠缺及操作不规范是胸腰椎骨折术后椎弓根螺钉系统松动、断裂的原因，但伤椎骨结构未能得到良好重建及术后椎间盘退变可能是其更重要的因素。因此重视内固定物的选择、加强规范操作，强调对损伤椎体及椎间盘的全面处理是预防内固定失效的有效措施。     

前路半椎体切除截骨后路矫形固定治疗严重先天性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨分期前路半椎体切除截骨后路矫形手术治疗严重先天性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法严重先天性脊柱侧凸14例,男4例,女10例;年龄8～13岁,平均11.2岁。其中形成缺陷2例,分节缺陷6例,混合型6例。半椎体位于T53例,T2、T8、T10、T11、L1、L4各1例。胸弯12例,胸腰弯2例。术前冠状面Cobb角63°～95°,平均72.1°。胸椎后凸减小或前凸8例,胸腰段后凸4例。一期采用前路半椎体切除、多节段椎体间楔形截骨及分节不全松解;二期采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统三维矫形固定。前后路手术均植骨,平均截骨5.5个节段。结果一期前路术后冠状面Cobb角48°～60°,平均51.5°;矫正率19.6%～37.8%,平均28.6%。二期术后冠状面Cobb角5°～45°,平均30.5°;矫正率52.6%～87.5%,平均62.5%。8例存在胸椎后凸减小或前凸的患者均恢复生理性后凸,4例胸腰段后凸患者3例达到矢状面矫正。全部病例随访8～30个月,平均12.1个月。无断钉、断棒及明显的矫正度丢失,植骨融合良好。发生并发症2例,椎弓根钉帽松动1例,T1神经根激惹1例。结论一期前路半椎体切除、多节段椎体间楔形截骨、分节不全松解,二期后路矫形固定及前后路植骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸能够达到较满意的矫形效果,适合于8～12岁的青春期前患者。     

脊髓血管母细胞瘤的显微手术治疗(附11例分析)

目的探讨脊髓血管母细胞瘤的临床特点和外科治疗技巧。方法回顾性分析11例脊髓髓内血管母细胞瘤的诊治经验。本组临床表现主要为感觉和运动障碍、肌肉萎缩及大小便失禁。均经后正中入路切除肿瘤,术中及术后常规使用甲基强的松龙。结果肿瘤均获全切除。术后短时间内症状改善8例,无变化2例,加重1例,无手术死亡。结论本病根据术前典型的影像资料均可确诊。术中尽可能避免活检或分块切除肿瘤,以免引起难以控制的出血和盲目止血引起的脊髓损害。大剂量甲基强的松龙可减轻脊髓水肿。     

大鼠大脑皮质向脊髓与红核投射的比较

目的 比较大脑皮质向脊髓与红核发出投射的区域并探讨是否有分支投射存在。方法 将。TB及NY分别注入大白鼠的脊髓与红核内，在大脑皮质观察比较标记细胞出现的部位。结果 FB标记细胞出现在24，10，8，6，4，3，1，2，23，29b，29c，18，7，13，39区。NY标记细胞出现于6，4，3，1区，10区的尾侧部及7，18区的颅饲部亦有少量存在。无发现双标记细胞。结论 大脑皮质向脊髓发出投射的区域非常广泛，向红核发出投射的区域全部重叠于皮质脊髓神经元分布的区域内，皮质脊髓神经元无分支投射到红核。     

Neurally Augmented Sexual Function in Human Females: A Preliminary Investigation

Objective. Neurally augmented sexual function (NASF) is the production of pleasurable genital stimulation and subsequent orgasm through the application of electrical energy to provide stimulation of the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the reproducibility of this phenomenon. Materials and Methods. Eleven otherwise healthy women, ages 32–60 years, were selected for this study. Through standard techniques, quadripolar (octopolar in the final patient) leads were placed in the epidural space percutaneuously. The lead was maneuvered initially to an L1–L2 position and then repositioned based on feedback from the patient. The patients were allowed to utilize the device ad libitum for up to 9 days. Results. Successful stimulation was achieved in 91% (10/11) of patients. These women described a greater frequency in sexual activity, increased lubrication, and overall satisfaction. A smaller subset had substantial improvement in sexual function as measured by orgasmic capacity. This subset consisted of women with secondary anorgasmia. A return of orgasmic capacity was found in 80% (4/5) of patients having secondary anorgasmia with an average intensity of ≥ 3/5 while using the device. Once the device was removed, the patients returned to their previous anorgasmic status. Conclusions. Pleasurable genital stimulation of the spinal cord is a consistently reproducible phenomenon. In a subset of the population studied, improvement in orgasmic function was noted. This was noted in the group with secondary orgasmic dysfunction.     

胫骨前肌疲劳时比目鱼肌诱发肌电图H波的变化及其机制探讨

为了解主动肌疲劳时拮抗肌脊髓运动神经元兴奋性变化的规律 ,本研究采用踝关节背屈运动形式 ,对胫骨前肌 (主动肌 )疲劳状态下的比目鱼肌 (拮抗肌 )诱发肌电图H波成分进行了观察。并以压迫阻断胫骨前肌Ⅰa类神经纤维传导的方法 ,对比目鱼肌H波变化机制进行了分析探讨。结果发现 :(1)胫骨前肌疲劳后 ,比目鱼肌H波明显受到抑制 ,与安静时比较呈非常显著性差异 ;(2 )胫骨前肌Ⅰa类神经纤维传导被阻断后 ,比目鱼肌H波的抑制现象没有解除。表明 ,胫骨前肌疲劳时比目鱼肌H波被抑制的原因 ,可能是由于主动肌内的代谢产物激活了Ⅲ·Ⅳ类神经纤维的感受器 ,Ⅲ·Ⅳ类神经纤维的传入冲动增加 ,使Ⅰa抑制性中间神经元被激活 ,导致拮抗肌脊髓运动神经元的兴奋性受到了抑制     

A New and Alternative Leads Positioning for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Treatment: Paraforaminal Stimulation

We present a case of a female patient suffering from type I complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) who developed “mirror imaging” of her CRPS and was successfully treated with dual spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the paraforaminal epidural space. This patient initially had unilateral pain that was unsuccessfully treated with midline SCS and single‐lead lateral epidural lead placement “paraforaminally.” One year later, because we believed that paraforaminal stimulation would preferentially stimulate primary sensitized afferents innervating the painful area, we reperformed SCS with two leads positioned laterally and paraforaminally close to the roots within the epidural space. After repositioning and after 1 year of paraforaminal stimulation, there was significant improvement in the patient's symptoms, resolving all unilateral and “mirrored” symptoms. We conclude that paraforaminal stimulation may be a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of CRPS.     

脊髓损伤后中枢性疼痛的实验模型和机制研究进展

中枢性疼痛(central pain,CP)是脊髓损伤(spi-nal cord injury,SCI)的顽固性合并症,为患者主观上感到损伤平面以下皮肤痛觉消失区一种以自发痛为主的疼痛,发生率为11%~94%,严重者为5%~30%。近年来其发生率逐年增高,使很多患者陷于抑郁、药物成瘾、甚至自杀的悲惨境地。许多疼痛     

Fracture of the thoracic spine with paralysis and esophageal perforation

A 17-year-old young man presented with a highly unstable fracture dislocation of the third and fourth thoracic vertebrae with neurological deficit, in which the fractured spine had perforated the thoracic esophagus. Open reduction and internal fixation of the spinal fractures in combination with aggressive treatment of the mediastinitis caused by esophageal perforation, consisting of two re-thoracotomies, was performed. Two years after the accident, the patient had recovered well. The neurological deficit had recovered, and there were no difficulties with swallowing.     

备用根大鼠脊髓后角提取液中神经营养活性组分的分离及生物活性测定

制作备用根大鼠脊髓后角提取液，取其分子量大于10kD的组分进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析，发现手术侧和非手术侧的电泳区带数目大致相同，但手术侧样品的第四条蛋白质区带扫描的吸收峰面积百分比大于非手术侧样品的第四条区带，两者在量上可能有差别。将手术侧样品经交联葡聚精G-75凝胶层析，得到两个洗脱峰．第一峰洗脱液有促进体外培养的背根节神经元存活及其突起生长的作用，其电泳分析显示4条主带，分子量在40～80kD之间．实验结果提示部分去传入纤维支配的脊髓后角组织含有神经营养活性物质，该物质的分子量约在40～78kD之间．