后循环急性缺血性脑卒中患者经机械取栓完全复流后不良预后的影响因素分析

目的探索后循环急性缺血性脑卒中（PCS）患者经机械取栓并完全恢复前向血流后部分患者临床预后仍然不佳的影响因素。 方法连续纳入2017年1月至2020年9月于我院接受机械取栓治疗的PCS患者并进行回顾性分析。闭塞血管完全恢复前向血流定义为改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级（mTICI）达3级。90 d改良Rankin评分（mRS）> 2分则被定义为预后不良。将患者基线资料、治疗相关指标纳入多因素分析,并采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）来确定最佳界值。 结果共纳入39例经机械取栓治疗后完全恢复前向血流（mTICI 3级）的PCS患者。其中,预后不良患者共20例（51.3%）。采用逐步Logistic回归分析显示,入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分较高（OR = 1.21,95%CI = 1.037~1.414,P = 0.016）、后交通动脉（PcomA）未开放（OR = 0.052,95%CI = 0.005~0.557,P = 0.014）为90 d不良预后的独立预测因素。基于ROC曲线分析显示,入院时NIHSS评分曲线下面积为0.762,截断值为20分,敏感度为70.0%,特异度为84.2%。 结论入院时NIHSS评分高、后交通动脉未开放,是后循环急性缺血性脑卒中患者接受机械取栓治疗并完全恢复前向血流后临床预后仍不佳的相关因素。     

Pituicytoma: Report of three cases with review of literature

Pituicytoma is a rare low-grade tumor (WHO Grade I) of pituicytes involving the sellar–suprasellar region, and originating from the specialized glial cells of the neurohypophysis. Clinically and radiologically, they closely mimic pituitary adenoma or meningioma. Diagnosis requires histopathological examination of the resected tissue. This uncommon glial neoplasm is a rarity, with only 57 cases reported in the literature so far. We report three cases of pituicytoma (aged between 7 and 24 years) presenting with reduced vision, headache and features of hypercortisolism in one case. Radiologically, these lesions mimicked meningioma, hypothalamic chiasmatic glioma and pituitary microadenoma, respectively. The second case is a 7-year-old girl, the youngest case on record. Since this tumor is uncommon, it is frequently misdiagnosed. Awareness of this entity is essential for planning management and treatment. We present a brief review of all cases reported in the medical literature, and describe the clinical symptomatology, associated endocrinological abnormalities, imaging characteristics, behavior and outcome.     

Novel method for selecting slices of the same cross-sectional view from digital tomosynthesis for monitoring posterior spinal instrumentation

BackgroundA method to evaluate pedicle screw loosening on digital tomosynthesis images is yet to be established owing to lack of methods for selecting slices of the same cross-sectional view. We aimed to develop an objective method for selecting slices of the same cross-sectional view on digital tomosynthesis images.MethodsFirst, an objective method of pixel selection was developed by measuring the size of glass disk and titanium alloy screw on digital tomosynthesis images followed by comparison with the actual sizes. Second, a method for selecting slices of the same cross-sectional view was explored on a bone model with posterior spinal instrumentation using the screw centerline and rod curvature as indicators of the same cross section. The angle between the screw centerline and rod was calculated to verify the accuracy in obtaining the same cross-sectional view. Third, the method for selecting slices of the same cross-sectional view was applied to six patients after posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation.ResultsThe pixel selection method enabled objective determination of a pixel on the peripheral lines of objects with an error as low as 200 μm in distance measurements on titanium alloy and glass. The mean differences of rod-screw angles between two slices were less than 1° and were not statistically significant in the bone model and patient images.ConclusionA method for selecting slices of the same cross-sectional view on digital tomosynthesis images was successfully developed. This method can enable objective and quantitative evaluations of pedicle screw loosening.     

胸腰椎骨折后方韧带复合体损伤顺序及其意义

目的 借助MRI影像,研究胸腰椎骨折时后方韧带复合体(PLC)损伤的先后顺序及其意义. 方法 收集2008年9月-2012年9月132例脊柱骨折患者的X线片、CT和MRI抑脂序列检查资料.按骨折形态行AO骨折分型,棘间韧带(ISL)、棘上韧带(SSL)、黄韧带(FL)和小关节囊(FC)根据损伤程度分为完整、血肿和撕裂,ISL又分为血肿比例＞50％和≤50％.最后分析AO形态学损伤的进行性等级与MRI信号之间的关系. 结果 AO A1/A2表现为单纯FC牵张损伤,A3出现ISL撕裂,范围较小,FL和SSL基本完整;AO B1表现为除FC损伤外,还有ISL血肿撕裂,SSL/FL损伤发生率较低,β2表现为SSL/FL损伤发生率明显增加;AO C表现为小关节脱位伴骨折,ISL、SSL、FL均会撕裂.AO骨折程度与MRI显示PLC损伤高度相关(P＜0.01). 结论 MRI能很好显示PLC各单元的损伤情况及其损伤顺序.AO形态学分型与MRI紧密关联,随着创伤力量的增加,PLC各成分出现进行性损伤.     

Atypical Unilateral Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Mimicking a Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is usually a reversible clinical and radiological entity associated with typical features on brain MR or CT imaging. However, the not-so-uncommon atypical radiological presentations of the condition are also present and they may go unrecognised as they are confused with other conditions. Here, we report a very rare case of atypical, unilateral PRES in a 49-year-old uremic, post-transplant female patient who presented with seizures. Initial MRI showed high-grade occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and lesions suggestive of subacute infarction in the ipsilateral frontotemporoparietal lobe. Patient symptoms had resolved a day after the onset without any specific treatment but early follow-up CT findings suggested hemorrhagic transformation. Follow-up MRI performed 2 years later showed complete disappearence of the lesions and persisting MCA occlusion.     

P物质、降钙素基因相关肽、白介素6与椎体骨折并发远隔部位疼痛的相关性研究

目的探讨胸腰段椎体压缩骨折出现远隔部位疼痛的病因。方法选取Denis分类屈曲型骨折的手术病例62例,腰痛伴远隔部位疼痛11例为实验组,腰痛不伴远隔部位疼痛51例为对照组。术中取多裂肌标本,制作冰冻切片,P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、白介素6(IL-6)抗体免疫组化染色;计算椎体前缘高度和后缘高度的比值来衡量伤椎的压缩程度;手术前及手术后2周分别行VAS、JOA、ODI评分。结果实验组:术前椎体压缩程度(68.73±11.91)%、VAS(8.09±1.51)分、ODI(40.45±3.48)%、JOA(14.00±3.80)分,术后椎体压缩程度(84.00±6.08)%、VAS(5.00±1.34)分、ODI(21.73±3.80)%、JOA(15.36±3.56)分;对照组:术前椎体压缩程度(75.27±14.14)%、VAS(7.65±1.43)分、ODI(39.24±4.64)%、JOA(11.90±3.59)分,术后椎体压缩程度(83.75±8.89)%、VAS(2.76±1.18)分、ODI(15.82±3.65)%、JOA(20.84±3.71)分。实验组与对照组术前椎体压缩程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后椎体压缩程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组与对照组术前VAS、ODI、JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后VAS、ODI、JOA评分对照组优于实验组(P0.05)。免疫组化:实验组11例标本SP、CGRP、IL-6染色结果均为阳性。对照组51例标本SP、CGRP、IL-6染色结果阴性。结论屈曲暴力造成脊柱后方组织损伤,SP、CGRP、IL-6介导的炎症反应刺激脊神经后支,是产生远隔部位疼痛的重要原因。