经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的探讨经闭孔无张力尿道中段悬吊术(trans-obturator tension free vaginal tape,TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)的临床疗效。方法2006年1月~2007年9月,对15例SUI行TVT-O,取阴道前壁纵行切口1cm,组织剪分离尿道旁阴道黏膜下间隙至闭孔膜,放入蝶形导引杆,将螺旋形穿刺针沿导引杆紧贴耻骨下支穿过闭孔膜,从大腿根部皮肤穿出,将吊带无张力放置于尿道中段下方。结果手术时间15~40min,平均30min。术中出血量10~40ml,平均20ml。术中无并发症。1例术后尿潴留,留置尿管5d后缓解。10例术后大腿根部疼痛,术后3~10d消失。15例随访2~19个月,平均8个月,均治愈,无复发。结论TVT-O操作简单、安全有效。     

应激性溃疡时幽门区局部一氧化氮含量变化对胆汁返流的影响及机理探讨

目的探讨胆汁返流与幽门区局部神经递质一氧化氮的变化对应激性溃疡发病的影响及可能的机理。方法采用冷束缚应激方法复制应激性溃疡的动物模型，将60只成年SD大鼠分为两部分，第1部分：对照组10只，溃疡组30只，用于观测影响应激性溃疡发生的相关因素；第2部分：左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯（L—NAME）预处理组10只（L—NAME组），生理盐水预处理组10只（生理盐水组），用于观测幽门区局部一氧化氮含量变化对其他因素的影响。分别检测各组胃内胆汁酸浓度、胃黏膜溃疡指数（Guth评分）以及胃内pH值，用生化试剂盒检测幽门区一氧化氮的含量。结果溃疡组应激结束后1h幽门区一氧化氮含量达到峰值（P〈0．01），应激结束后2h胃内胆汁酸浓度和pH值均达到峰值（P〈0．01），应激结束后4h胃内溃疡指数达到峰值（P〈0．01）。L-NAME组的胃内胆汁酸浓度、溃疡指数及一氧化氮含量较生理盐水组显著降低（P〈0．01，P〈0．05），而胃内pH值的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。幽门区一氧化氮含量与胆汁酸浓度呈正相关（r=0．715，F=12．55，P=0．017）。结论幽门区一氧化氮含量变化与胆汁的返流量之间存在正相关关系，而L—NAME的幽门区局部干预使幽门区一氧化氮含量减少，幽门松弛程度降低，胆汁返流量也随之减少，进而降低溃疡指数，起到保护胃黏膜的作用。     

实习期医学生心理健康状况、应对方式及压力状况的调查

目的探讨实习期医学生心理健康状况、应对方式及压力状况。方法将进入临床实习期的364名临床医学生作为研究组,而选取379名非实习期的临床医学生作为对照组,问卷评定采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷及心理身体紧张松弛测试表。结果研究组SCL-90的人际关系敏感、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子得分显著高于对照组(t=2.25~5.17,P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组的应对方式中解决问题因子分有显著性降低,自责、退避因子分则有显著性增高(t=-1.97~2.89,P<0.05);研究组的心理压力状况明显差于对照组,且差异具有显著性意义(χ2=56.03,P<0.05)。结论实习期的临床医学生存在不同程度的心理问题,应予以足够重视。     

兔胫骨应力性骨折过程中的生物力学研究

目的 探讨兔应力性骨折发生过程中胫骨生物力学指标的变化与应力性骨折发生的关系.方法 将36只雄性大耳白兔随机分为6组,进行跑跳训练,根据制定的分组训练时间,于训练任务完成后的第7、14、21、28、35天分别处死动物.光镜下观察胫骨病理变化;生物力学机上行胫骨三点弯曲生物力学测试,描记载荷-变形曲线,并根据该曲线及相应参数分析胫骨生物力学性能.结果 实验组动物训练第2、3、4、5周后最大载荷与对照组动物相比之差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).实验组动物第1、2、3、4、5周后载荷与变形量之比与对照组动物相比之差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),最大应力和弹性模量与对照组动物相比之差异则均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 应力性骨折的发生是一个由骨细胞直接参与的破骨细胞性重吸收大于成骨细胞性骨形成的生理过程;胫骨结构力学性能的改变是由胶原纤维紊乱、骨皮质厚度降低等所造成,从而导致应力性骨折的发生.     

白癜风与氧化-抗氧化失衡

白癜风是一种较常见的色素脱失性疾病，临床上以表皮黑素细胞破坏缺失而出现色素脱失斑为主要特征，严重影响患者的外观美容。白癜风的病因学分子机制目前尚无定论，存在多种假说。近年来，对白癜风患者机体抗氧化水平的研究日益增多，越来越多证据提示，机体氧化-抗氧化平衡失调，导致局部微环境中活性自由基大量聚集，引起氧化应激，造成细胞损伤，是引起白癜风发病的一个重要因素。     

Posterior instability near extension is related to clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament deficient patients

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the magnitude of knee laxity and posterior instability at different knee flexion angles and clinical disability in isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient patients. Knee laxity at 20° and 70° of knee flexion were evaluated using KT-2000 arthrometer, and the posterior instability at 20°, 45° and 90° of flexion were evaluated using stress radiography. We assessed the differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation between isolated PCL deficient knees and normal knees, and between the patients with giving-way during activities of daily living (ADL) and without giving-way. There were statistical differences in the knee laxity and the tibial translation at all knee flexion angles between the PCL deficient knees and normal knees. The magnitude of the knee laxity at 20° of flexion measured with KT-2000 arthrometer was significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was no significant difference in the tibial translation at 70° between the two groups. The tibial translation in both medial and lateral compartments at 20° and 45° measured with stress radiography were significantly larger in the patients with giving-way than those in the patients without giving-way although there was not significant difference at 90° between the two groups. These results suggested that the magnitude of the knee laxity and the posterior tibial translation at shallow knee flexion angles would be related to giving-way during ADL in isolated PCL deficient patients.     

The influence of support conditions in the loading fixture on failure mechanisms in the push-out test: a finite element study

The usefulness of the push-out test as an indicator of interface strength was evaluated using finite element models of intact and partially failed cylindrical push-out specimens loaded against a rigid annular support. The irregular stress distributions that were found in intact specimens depended more on interface conditions at the loading fixture than on a 35% increase in interface area. The maximum stress at the interface was a tensile stress. Critical energy release rates for interface failure were calculated for flawed specimens in which flaw size was either 10 or 100 microns, and for boundary conditions at the loading fixture that were either fixed or slipping in the radial direction. The critical energy release rates depended heavily on the support boundary conditions. Thus, the results of parametric push-out tests can be reasonably compared only for specimens that are very similar in geometry and that are loaded in very carefully controlled fixtures.     

1,6—二磷酸果糖对手术后应激病人应用全肠外营养支持效果的影响

本文在胃癌行全胃或胃大部切除术引起的中等程度应激病人，随机分组对比观察了全肠外营养或ＴＰＮ加用１，６－二磷酸果糖的效果。结果显示，与单纯ＴＰＮ相比，ＴＰＮ加用ＦＤＰ后血清皮质醇和胰高血糖素等应激激素水平有所下降，尿中３－甲基组氨酸排出减少，累积氮平衡增加。     

Clinical significance of 201Tl reverse redistribution in patients with aorto-coronary bypass surgery

Detection of myocardial ischemia by the stress thallium scan has traditionally been performed using transient defect analysis on exercise, followed by redistribution studies. Worsening of the ²⁰¹Tl myocardial image from exercise to redistribution is referred to as reverse redistribution. In this study, we found reverse redistribution in 10 (21%) of 48 angina pectoris patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass surgery. The clinical significance of this phenomenon in these patients was investigated in relation to angiographic and surgical findings. Reverse redistribution was found to occur in regions which were supplied by bypass grafts. These areas showed increased coronary blood flow and rapid thallium washout. Our results indicate that a perfusion defect in the bypass region of the redistribution image might be caused by relatively rapid washout in the bypass graft region compared to the adjacent normal myocardium. These results should be considered in the clinical interpretation of stress thallium scans.