跟骨牵引植皮术治疗重度腘窝瘢痕挛缩畸形的护理应用

目的观察跟骨牵引植皮术在重度腘窝瘢痕挛缩畸形中的临床效果及护理措施探讨。方法对37例在我院就诊的重度腘窝瘢痕挛缩畸形患者进行跟骨牵引植皮术,总结合理的护理措施,观测患者膝关节功能恢复及美容效果。结果 37例患者均顺利完成跟骨牵引植皮术,皮瓣成活率达100%,仅1例患者出现足跟部压疮,未出现创面感染。功能及美容评价优良率达91.9%。结论跟骨牵引植皮术应用于重度腘窝瘢痕挛缩畸形效果良好,通过合理的护理方法促进了患者膝关节功能恢复,同时也达到了较好的美容效果,值得推广应用。     

外科手术与介入术治疗糖尿病下肢缺血病变的疗效比较

【目的】比较外科手术与介入术治疗糖尿病下肢缺血病变的临床疗效。【方法】选取2011年6月至2013年6月本院收治的糖尿病下肢缺血病变患者113例,根据 T ASCⅡ分级及治疗方式将其分为四组：T ASCⅡC级30例（C级手术组）、T ASCⅡD级27例（D级手术组）行股‐腘动脉旁路移植术;T ASCⅡC级组29例（C级介入组）、T ASCⅡD级组27例（D级介入组）行支架植入术;观察四组术后1周、3个月、6个月、1年的下肢血管通畅率、踝肱指数（ABI）,记录四组生存率、保肢率、并发症发生率。【结果】术后1周、3个月,手术组与介入组下肢血管通畅率、ABI比较无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）;术后6个月、1年手术组通畅率、ABI均高于介入组（P ＜0．05）;四组保肢率、生存率比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）;手术组并发症发生率低于介入组（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】外科手术与介入术治疗糖尿病下肢缺血病变的保肢率、生存率相近,但外科手术的远期疗效优于介入术。     

关节镜下治疗腘窝囊肿的疗效

目的 探讨关节镜下切除腘窝囊肿的手术方法与疗效.方法 自2013年1月至2014年2月我科采用关节镜下切除25例腘窝囊肿,腘窝囊肿均为单膝,左膝13例、右膝12例.其中,男10例,女15例,年龄为40~65岁.术前常规体检、患膝X线和MRI检查,观察膝关节骨与软组织的病变.膝关节镜手术常规采用前内、前外侧入路,术中常规探查并清理膝关节内病变.评价病人并发症、疼痛、复发情况,采用Lysholm膝关节评分、美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS)、美国特种外科医院(Hospi-tal for Special Surgery,HSS)评分比较病人术前术后的情况.结果 25例病人均获得随访,随访时间为6~12个月,平均为(9.0±1.9)个月.复查MRI发现1例类风湿性膝关节炎病人腘窝囊肿复发,但无明显临床症状.术前Lysholm膝关节评分为(48.76±12.07)分,术后术后末次随访为(81.72±7.57)分;术前KSS为(52.32±11.16)分,术后末次随访为(85.84±6.85)分;术前HSS评分为(55.62±10.76)分,术后末次随访为(88.64±6.24)分.3个指标术后与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 关节镜下打开内侧关节囊与腘窝囊肿之间的"阀门"并切除囊壁,可以达到治疗腘窝囊肿的目的.本研究手术方法简单有效、安全性高,并可同时处理腘窝囊肿的诱发因素,有效地降低囊肿的复发率.     

膝部超时限腘动脉损伤的治疗

目的 总结超时限胭动脉损伤的诊治经验和教训。方法 1995年2月～2006年1月，收治28例胭动脉损伤时间超过8h的患者。其中男25例，女3例；年龄3～53岁。车祸伤12例，高处坠落伤3例，火器伤2例，锐器伤3例，绞扎伤2例，其他6例。20例未扪及动脉搏动，8例动脉搏动减弱。2例见裸露胭动脉和／或活动性喷血，8例直接手术探查，18例彩色多普勒检查示胭动脉及分支有彩色血流信号通过。7例胭动脉缺损〈5cm，9例缺损〉5cm。损伤至血管再通时间8～150h，平均31．8h。采用端端吻合、大隐静脉移植修复16例，截肢12例。结果 行动-静脉吻合或桥接术的16例患者，15例血管再通，肢体存活，其中12例1年内下肢功能基本恢复，3例遗留不同程度足下垂和踝关节挛缩，另1例枪伤患者因吻合血管术后1d再次栓塞，行二期截肢；血管吻合术后肢体存活率94％（15／16）。28例患者均获随访6个月～11年，平均4．2年。无死亡患者，截肢率43％，病残率54％。结论 胭动脉损伤的预后主要取决于血管再通时间和侧支循环的血氧代偿能力；延误诊断和治疗是严重胭动脉损伤截肢率居高不下的主要原因。     

A rare case of chronic pain and atraumatic inability to flex the knee: Evidence of a unilateral accessory popliteus muscle

The literature describes a few case reports of bilateral accessory popliteus muscle, a rare variant of the popliteus muscle. We report a case of a 24-year-old male patient with acute pain and inability to flex the left knee, without a traumatic event. Additionally, the patient reported mild sensitive symptoms in the left calf region and no pain in the right knee. The patient underwent a series of other examinations which culminated in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that showed an accessory popliteus muscle. The comparative study of the contralateral knee showed no evidence of this anatomic variant.     

Loss of Distal Femur Combined with Popliteal Artery Occlusion: Reconstructive Arthroplasty Using Modular Segmental Endoprosthesis: A Case Report

Severe injury to the knee and the surrounding area is frequently associated with injury to ligaments of the knee joint and structures in the popliteal fossa. This case involved a popliteal artery occlusion, severe bone loss of distal femur, loss of collateral ligaments, and extensor mechanism destruction of the knee. Initially, prompt recognition and correction of associated popliteal artery injury are important for good results after treatment. After successful revascularization, treatment for severe bone loss of distal femur and injury of the knee joint must be followed. We treated this case by delayed reconstruction using modular segmental endoprosthesis after revascularization of the popliteal artery. This allowed early ambulation. At 36 months after surgery, the patient had good circulation of the lower limb and was ambulating independently.     

腘腓韧带解剖观察及其临床意义

目的　为临床腘腓韧带损伤的诊治提供解剖学基础。 方法　对61侧成人膝关节标本进行解剖，观察腘腓韧带形态及与周围结构关系。 结果　腘腓韧带出现恒定，位于腘肌腱与腓骨头之间。　88.5%（54）的腘腓韧带为明显增厚的韧带，前宽后窄；11.5%（7）则呈筋膜形态。腘腓韧带前缘长（10.47±2.38）mm，后缘长（6.24±1.71）mm，宽（8.90±3.12）mm，厚（1.23±0.48）mm。其与腘肌腱的夹角为（120.2±　15.2）°，距腓侧副韧带距离为（9.67±3.87）mm。 结论　腘腓韧带是组成膝关节后外侧重要结构之一，但其形态变异较大；了解其解剖特点，对腘腓韧带损伤诊断及解剖重建有重要意义。     

A case report of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty following failure of femoro-popliteal venous bypass graft

This brief case report illustrates the utility of angioplasty in lower-extremity limb salvage situations that often occur following failure of femoro-popliteal bypass grafting, as well as the use of angio-plasty in tibial vessels. It also demonstrates that angioplasty of multiple lesions can be successfully achieved at a single sitting.     

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in a young girl

Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is well-described in adults, but is an uncommon cause of lower-limb pain in children. We present an 11.5-year-old girl with thrombosed aneurysm of the right popliteal artery, subsequently diagnosed with bilateral type I PAES. Multimodality illustration of the radiological findings is presented.     

Popliteal pterygium syndrome with unusual features

Popliteal pterygium syndrome is a well defined complex that consists of popliteal pterygium, intercrural pterygium, various digital anomalies that include hypoplasia or agenesis of digits, syndactyly, valgus or varus deformities of the feet and oral anomalies such as cleft lip-palate. A baby with the typical anomalies as well as a few unusual features such as mongloid slant, hypertelorism, malformed alae nasi and elbow joint contractures is reported.