生物材料在感染或污染状态下腹壁缺损中的应用

目的:观察生物材料在感染或污染状态下腹壁缺损中的应用情况。方法:回顾分析我院疝和腹壁外科治疗和培训中心从2007年3月至2010年4月期间收治入院治疗的20例伴有腹壁感染或污染的腹壁缺损病人;进行腹壁修复时,采用了脱细胞组织生物型补片治疗。对手术方式、术后的恢复情况、术后的并发症和随访复发等情况进行分析总结。结果:Ⅰ期愈合17例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,在Ⅱ期愈合中,无补片取出的情况。术后随访3～30个月,术后3个月起发现膨出6例。结论:生物材料为感染或污染的腹壁缺损病人的治疗提供了帮助。     

Collagen-coated vs noncoated low-weight polypropylene meshes in a sheep model for vaginal surgery. A pilot study

The aims of this study were dual. First, to evaluate the feasibility of a sheep model as an animal model for vaginal surgery with meshes. Second, to compare host response to two low-weight polypropylene (PP) meshes, a noncoated (Soft Prolene™, Gynecare, Ethicon) and a coated mesh with an absorbable hydrophilic film (Ugytex™, Sofradim). Thirty-six 20×20 mm polypropylene meshes (18 coated and 18 noncoated) were surgically implanted by the vaginal route in 12 adult ewes. Meshes were implanted in the anterior (n=12) and the posterior vaginal compartments (n=24). Animals were killed 1 (n=6) and 12 (n=6) weeks after surgery. Postimplantation evaluation included macroscopical examination, histological and immunohistochemical analysis and histomorphometrical measures of the distance between the meshes and the vaginal epithelium. The experimental procedure was feasible in all cases. Vaginal erosions were observed twice as frequently with the noncoated-PP meshes (6/18, 33.3%) as with the coated-PP meshes (3/18, 16.7%), even if that difference was not significant (p=0.4). However, no differences were observed between the two meshes in terms of shrinkage, tissue ingrowth, inflammatory response, and position of the mesh in the vaginal wall. The mechanism involved in the reduction of vaginal erosion could be due to the lesser adhesion of the coated mesh on the vaginal wound during the early postoperative period.     

微孔钛网应用于犬牙槽骨增量术中的实验研究

目的探究微孔钛网在犬下颌牙槽骨增量术中的作用效果。方法选择6只成年健康杂种犬,建立双侧下颌牙槽骨缺损动物模型。将每只犬的左侧下颌牙槽骨缺损区作为第Ⅰ组,右侧作为第Ⅱ组。两组均采用GBR+自体骨修复牙槽骨缺损,第Ⅰ组采用微孔钛网,第Ⅱ组采用海奥口腔修复膜。观察植骨术后4周、8周、12周时两组大体标本、Masson染色、HE染色、荧光素标记、CT三维重建后骨微结构参数的结果。结果术后12周第Ⅰ组及第Ⅱ组植骨区域表面均形成明显新生软骨组织,移植骨与原骨之间界限模糊,其中第I组新生成骨面积略大于第Ⅱ组,新生成骨形态略优于第Ⅱ组,其它方面大体标本上肉眼观察结果差异不明显,两组牙槽嵴高度比较也无显著差异(P>0.05)。Masson染色及HE染色显示两组均有明显新生骨组织、骨小梁生成。术后12周两组骨矿化率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后12周两组骨小梁数量、骨小梁厚度、骨体积比较也无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论微孔钛网在犬下颌牙槽骨缺损的GBR手术中能获得良好成骨效果,临床中可根据患者具体情况,合理应用。     

Cinnamaldehyde induces changes in the protein profile of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm

The effect of cinnamaldehyde against biofilm cells of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 was evaluated. We also assessed differential protein patterns that were expressed by biofilms compared with planktonic cells and protein expression by cinnamaldehyde-treated biofilms cells. This compound decreased biofilm biomass and metabolic activity of biofilms at both concentrations tested. Cinnamaldehyde treatment reduced the number of attached cells in polypropylene, reflected by colony count and scanning electron microscopy. The proteomic analysis of biofilms compared with planktonic cells indicated that several proteins were upregulated or downregulated, especially proteins that are involved in energy metabolism. Peroxiredoxin, ATP synthase alpha chain protein, conjugal transfer nickase/helicase TraI and elongation factor G were upregulated in untreated-biofilm cells, and their expression decreased as a function of cinnamaldehyde treatment. Cinnamaldehyde had antibiofilm activity, and several differentially expressed proteins identified provide potential and interesting targets to explore new control strategies for S. Typhimurium biofilms.     

比较早/晚期行钛网数字化颅骨缺损成形术的疗效和预后

目的 分析比较颅骨大骨瓣缺损早/晚期行钛网数字化成形修补术的有效性、安全性及对预后的影响.方法 选取2012年1月至2013年12月颅脑创伤或行脑出血行去大骨瓣减压术112例,76例在去大骨瓣减压术后38.9(32～52)d行钛网数字化成形修补术(早期修补组);36例在去大骨瓣减压术后114.2(90～153)d进行修补(晚期修补组).分析比较2组手术耗时、皮瓣游离时间、手术失血量、并发症,以及术后患者的日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分、Fugl-Meyery评分、神经功能缺损评分、认知功能恢复.结果 早期修补组与晚期修补组的手术时间分别为(92.33±13.71) min与(141.67±18.12)min;皮瓣游离时间为(13.29±3.43) min与(38.56±7.35) min;手术出血量分别为(352.36±21.83) ml与(523.53±32.51)ml,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).早期修补组的硬膜下积液率及皮瓣游离过程中硬膜破裂率明显少于晚期修补组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).早期修补组ADL及Fugl-Meyery评分均较晚期修补组明显提高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);而神经功能缺损评分明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).蒙特利尔认知评估量表提示早期修补组认知功能恢复明显优于晚期修补组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 颅骨大骨瓣缺损早期行钛网数字化成形修补术优于晚期,早期颅骨修补利于软组织分离,减少出血,改善预后.钛网数字化成形技术可确保修复钛网与颅骨缺损部位精确合体,显著缩短手术时间,减少手术风险;钛网数字化成形早期颅骨修补术值得临床推广.     

个体股骨头坏死三维有限元模型的建立与应用

同时基于个体股骨头坏死患者的X-ray、CT和MRI图像,采用图像配准和融合技术对包含坏死股骨头的髋关节进行三维重建,获取具有高度几何相似性的三维有限元网格模型。选择1例中年女性股骨头坏死患者,分别获取X-ray、CT和MRI三套图像,采用Mimics 13.1和Pro/E 5.1软件分别基于这三套数据建立相关三维实体模型,经图像投影转换后,确定图像之间的匹配点,进行二维图像配准,配准后对成功融合的图像进行三维有限元网格模型显示。建立了具有良好几何相似性的髋关节三维有限元网格模型,包括正常皮质骨、松质骨、关节软骨和股骨头坏死区、断裂骨小梁等六部份,较真实地反映了包含坏死股骨头的髋关节的形态特征及毗邻关系,为进一步的生物力学分析和手术模拟提供了较理想的研究平台。     

皮肤扩张术修复头皮合并颅骨缺损

目的探讨头皮合并颅骨缺损的修复方法。方法对2000年至2007年治疗的6例头皮合并颅骨缺损患者，采用皮肤扩张术修复头皮，钛网修补颅骨缺损。结果6例患者中，1例患者出现皮瓣下积液，经抽吸、加压包扎后愈合；其余病例未出现感染、血肿及皮瓣坏死等并发症，外观满意。结论皮肤扩张术和钛网联合应用是修复头皮合并颅骨缺损的较好方法。     

部分缺失牙齿咬合面自适应重建算法

针对数字化口腔修复技术能够高效、可靠地实现对缺损牙体精确修复的特点,提出了一种部分缺失牙齿咬合面自适应重建算法,通过变形对应牙位上的标准牙模型得到重建后的缺失咬合面。首先基于缺损牙体的洞缘线信息将其划分为内、外两个标识区域;其次设计分块策略将标准牙曲面划分为3个变形区域;最后对标准牙施加微分变形操作,将与缺失区域相对应的标准牙曲面作为重建后的咬合面。对3类常见的嵌体预备牙型的修复体设计试验表明,重建后的咬合面均能够保持局部细节形态,与预备体缺失区域匹配良好,为口腔修复CAD/CAM系统的临床应用提供了一套完整的嵌体修复体设计方案。