盆底重建手术保留子宫效果的初步评价

目的:初步评价保留子宫的盆底重建手术的效果。方法:2007年2月至9月我科开展了以网片添加为主的盆底重建手术,盆腔脏器脱垂按POP-Q分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期,除外阴道穹隆脱垂者。术前行盆腔检查、B超及TCT排除子宫附件器质性病变。切除子宫组(CH组)11例,保留子宫组(UC组)13例。术后定期复查。结果:两组患者的一般临床资料无统计学差异。CH组平均年龄64.82±8.29岁,UC组为70.92±6.89岁,P=0.057。CH组和UC组术前Aa、Ba、C、D、Ap、Bp各点POP-Q数值无统计学差异。UC组手术时间95.77±35.05min,显著短于CH组的151.36±29.42min(P=0.000),UC组术中出血为110.77±112.21ml,明显少于CH组的241.82±234.34ml,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.087)。平均住院日、术后体温、应用抗生素时间两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后,POP-Q各组数值与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂近期效果显著。术后复查上述各点均值两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两种术式改善患者盆腔脏器脱垂效果相似。随访2~9月,平均4.2个月,随访率100%。CH组术后近期主观治愈率100%,客观治愈率90.9%,复发率9.1%(1/11)。UC组主客观治愈率均为92.31%,复发率7.69%(1/13)。无感染和网片暴露及侵蚀发生。结论:盆底重建手术时保留子宫对维持盆底结构稳定具有一定的意义,近期效果与切除子宫组相似,手术时间短,有利于降低高龄妇女围手术期的风险。但需要观察长期疗效、远期并发症以及对性生活的影响。     

Impact Strength of Preplaced Aggregate Concrete Comprising Glass Fibre Mesh and Steel Fibres: Experiments and Modeling

Concrete is the most widely used and most affordable construction material. The structural damage that concrete cracks and fractures may cause can be severe. These concerns have lately been alleviated by new developments in fibre concretes. Recent advancements in fibrous concrete and its evolution have been rapidly drawing researchers’ attentions worldwide, which motivates the development of a new type of composite with superior impact resistance. Preplaced aggregate fibrous concrete (PAFC) is a revolutionary composite comprising a higher dosage of fibres. It has outstanding impact resistance that surpasses those of traditional fibrous concrete. The impact behaviour of PAFC in addition to glass fibre mesh (GFM) has not been investigated thoroughly. To fill this research gap, this study investigates the impact performance of three-layered PAFC comprising steel fibres and GFM insertion. Eight different mixtures were prepared and can be divided into two groups. In the first group, specimens were made with 4% fibres and two single, double and triple layers of GFM insertion between the three-layered concrete. The second group of specimens was reinforced with 5, 2 and 5% steel fibres at the top, middle and bottom layers, respectively. However, the GFM insertion scheme for the second group was the same as the first. Rectangular specimens of size 500 × 100 × 100 mm were cast and tested against drop weight impact. The parameters studied were cracking impact numbers, failure impact number, ductility index and failure patterns. In addition, an analytical model was used to evaluate the impact failure energies. Results indicate that the combined action of steel fibre and GFM exhibited an excellent impact resistance. Increasing the number of GFM insertions between the specimen layer led to increased impact strength. The dose of the fibres utilized in the outer layer of the PAFC was increased, resulting in the material having a higher impact resistance. The cracking impact numbers improved from 28 to 40%, and failure impact numbers ranged from 58.8 to 92.2% when the GFM insertion numbers increased from one to three.     

Antimicrobial second skin using copper nanomesh

The functional support and advancement of our body while preserving inherent naturalness is one of the ultimate goals of bioengineering. Skin protection against infectious pathogens is an application that requires common and long-term wear without discomfort or distortion of the skin functions. However, no antimicrobial method has been introduced to prevent cross-infection while preserving intrinsic skin conditions. Here, we propose an antimicrobial skin protection platform copper nanomesh, which prevents cross-infectionmorphology, temperature change rate, and skin humidity. Copper nanomesh exhibited an inactivation rate of 99.99% for Escherichia coli bacteria and influenza virus A within 1 and 10 min, respectively. The thin and porous nanomesh allows for conformal coating on the fingertips, without significant interference with the rate of skin temperature change and humidity. Efficient cross-infection prevention and thermal transfer of copper nanomesh were demonstrated using direct on-hand experiments.

The functional support and advancement of our body while preserving the inherent naturalness is one of the ultimate goals of bioengineering (1–4). A functional layer is placed on the skin to complement the intrinsic biological and interactive functions (5, 6) and to add functions that do not yet exist (7–9). During use, the second skin layer should completely exploit its function and underlay skin functions without deforming the skin or interfering with the skin’s external interaction. Materials and structures need to be conformal and mechanically similar to the skin to minimize the distortion of natural sensations and movements. In addition, the air and heat transfer on the skin must be unimpeded to obtain a natural and comfortable wear fit (10).Body protection that requires common and long-term wear is an application in which both functionality and naturalness are important. As the outermost layer connecting our body to the environment, the skin is exposed to physical damage, hazardous chemicals, and infectious pathogens (11, 12). Therefore, we add a protective layer on the skin that blocks or filters out external contaminants. This entails the isolation and accumulation of biochemical compounds, which can lead to self-contamination and the subsequent cross-contamination/infection by interacting with other objects. In contrast to chemical contamination, which is not self-reproductive, the biological contamination of infectious microbes, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a considerable issue to be addressed.By containing an antimicrobial material on the surface of the skin protective layer, cross-infection can be prevented in the long term. Unlike temporary rinsing or disinfection, the use of antibacterial or antiviral substances such as chemical or natural disinfectants and metal nanomaterials inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the surface (13–17). These materials are embedded in a complete covering polymer layer, such as gloves (18, 19), to isolate and protect both the inner and outer surfaces from the infection. To add breathability to the textile especially for the mask (13, 20, 21), many antibacterial fibers have been developed based on these materials. Moreover, various skin-attachable platforms with antimicrobial properties have been developed for convenient usage in daily lives. Antimicrobial nanofibers with conformal attachment to the skin have been developed for drug delivery, wound healing (22, 23), and electrophysiology (24, 25). In addition, stretchable and antibacterial hydrogels have been developed to allow more natural skin movement in wound-healing applications (26–28).However, there has been no practical skin protective solution to prevent cross-infection while preserving intrinsic skin conditions such as surface morphology, thermal transfer, and skin humidity. The thickening of the additional skin layer frequently results in a significant modification of the surface morphology, heat transfer, and the corresponding sensation. Thin layers have limited performance in terms of antimicrobial duration and speed. The skin coverage of polymer or hydrogel film blocks the transfer of air, moisture, and heat. In addition, the antimicrobial performance is focused on the skin side rather than the external side that affects cross-infection. Voids owing to the stiffness of the film or fiber and morphological differences compared to the skin further limit conformality, heat transfer, and water/air permeability (29).Here, we propose an antimicrobial skin protection platform copper nanomesh, which prevents cross-infection while minimizing modification of intrinsic skin properties such as interfacial morphology, temperature change rate, and skin humidity. The thin thickness and porous structure of the nanomesh allow conformal attachment to the fingertips, regardless of the mechanical and structural variations of the fingerprints, nails, and interfaces. To impart antimicrobial properties, copper, one of the most well-known antimicrobial (nano)materials (30–33), was coated with maintaining the nanomesh structure (copper nanomesh, from here onward). The measured inactivation rates of copper nanomesh against Escherichia coli bacteria and influenza virus A (H1N1) were 99.99% within 1 min and 10 min, respectively. It was found that the nanomesh structure contributed to the acceleration of bacterial inactivation compared to the copper film. Furthermore, it exhibited high biocompatibility with the skin cells and stable antibacterial performance even after long-term use (more than 6 h), including water immersion (more than 1 h).In addition, we investigated the naturalness of the copper nanomesh compared to that of the copper film and conventional gloves. As confirmed using the artificial skin and fingerprint recognition, the proposed copper nanomesh exhibited a higher conformability compared to that of the copper film. The copper nanomesh showed a high hydrophobicity to block external contaminants in solution while having high gas permeability and maintaining the skin humidity in a safe range. Additionally, the insertion of copper nanomesh did not affect the temperature change rate, which is important to maintain the sensation and comfort fit of the skin. Finally, the copper nanomesh was compared to the glove by wearing on our hands and interacting with various real-life objects. Using the proposed copper nanomesh, we successfully achieved an effective prevention of cross-infection and less-hindered thermal recognition of objects.     

腹腔镜骶骨阴道固定术治疗重度子宫脱垂

目的：探讨腹腔镜骶骨阴道固定术治疗重度子宫脱垂的临床疗效。方法2011年1月～2013年4月对22例POP-Q分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的重度子宫或阴道穹隆脱垂患者行腹腔镜下“Y”形聚丙烯网片骶骨阴道固定术,合并阴道前、后壁膨出者分别于膀胱阴道间隙和直肠阴道间隙增加植入网片的长度,合并中度以上压力性尿失禁（ stress urinary incontinence ,SUI）者同期行经闭孔无张力尿道中段吊带术（transobturator tension-free vaginal tape, TVT-O）,采用POP-Q分期法和盆底功能障碍性疾病症状问卷-20（PFDI-20）、盆底疾病生活质量影响问卷短表-7（PFIQ-7）、盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性生活质量问卷-12（PISQ-12）分别评价解剖和功能疗效。结果22例均成功完成手术,1例因合并重度SUI同期行TVT-O,术中未发生膀胱、输尿管、直肠他大血管损伤。手术时间（134．3±36．6）min,术中出血量（77．3±37．8）ml,术后2～3 d拔尿管均能自主排尿,无尿潴留。22例术后随访（17．5±8．2）月,无手术失败及术后复发,无网片侵蚀、暴露;POP-Q分期Aa、Ba、C、Ap、Bp各指示点解剖位置中位数由术前1．5、3．0、2．0、-2．3、-1．5 cm分别恢复为术后-3．0、-3．0、-8．0、-3．0、-3．0 cm。 PFIQ-7、PFDI-20评分中位数由术前66．7、66．2分恢复为术后12．0、14．6分,PISQ-12评分由术前（69．4±10.3）分提高到（86．9±10．0）分（t＝12．351,P＝0．000）;UDI-6术前后无改善（Z＝-0．337,P＝0．736）。术后新发SUI 3例,急迫性尿失禁1例。术前6例尿失禁,术后2例症状减轻,4例症状加重,其中1例术后8个月行 TVT-O,3例功能锻炼并观察。患者主观满意度为95．4％（21/22）。结论腹腔镜骶骨阴道固定术是治疗重度子宫或穹隆脱垂的一种安全、有效的方法,但有诱发或加重尿失禁的风险。     

Management of mesh complications and vaginal constriction: a urogynecology perspective

Once thought of as a long-term solution to pelvic organ prolapse, currently synthetic mesh augmentation is regarded as a dark area that is being critically assessed by surgeons, hospitals, industry, and most importantly the Food and Drug Administration. The development of midurethral sling kits has revolutionized the surgical treatment of stress incontinence. These systems, however, were not rigorously tested but instead marketed after being cleared by the Food and Drug Administration through a simple regulatory process using a previously approved predescent material. This article reviews the management of mesh complications of synthetic slings and mesh used to augment prolapse repair.     

腹腔镜复合补片无张力修补术治疗腹壁切口疝的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜复合补片无张力修补术治疗腹壁切口疝的应用价值及可靠性。方法:回顾分析2007年1月至2012年1月为56例患者行腹腔镜复合补片修补术的临床资料。结果:3例因广泛粘连中转开腹,53例成功完成手术。手术时间70～320 min,中位手术时间110 min。术中发现隐匿性疝2例。术后Ⅰ级护理时间1天,术后24 h即恢复进食并下床活动。术后发生较长时间疼痛1例、感染1例。随访至今均未发现复发。结论:术后并发切口疝的患者于腹腔镜下分离粘连、采用复合补片修补是安全可行的。     

腹股沟疝腹腔镜腹腔内网片植入术后并发症的分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下腹腔内网片植入术(intraperitoneal onlay mesh,IPOM)治疗腹股沟疝并发症的原因及预防.方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2009年2月在我院行腹腔镜下腹腔内网片植入术治疗腹股沟疝患者335例.结果 术后疼痛3例,占0.90%;复发3例,复发率0.90%;血清肿2例,占0.60%;术后无1例出现补片感染及粘连性肠梗阻临床表现.结论 腹腔镜下腹腔内网片植入术治疗腹股沟疝方法简单,创伤小,术后并发症少,是一种安全的微创治疗腹股沟疝的手术方法,随着手术技巧的提高,并发症可进一步减少.     

Long-Term Durability and Comfort of Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair

Background:

Repair of ventral hernias, including primary ventral hernias and incisional ventral hernias, is performed in the United States 90,000 times per year. Open or traditional ventral hernia repairs involve the significant morbidity and expense of a laparotomy and a significant risk of recurrent herniation. Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR) may offer a less-invasive alternative with shorter length of hospital stay, fewer cardiopulmonary complications, and low recurrence rates.

Methods:

225 patients underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs in which carboxymethylcellulose-sodium hyaluronate coating (Sepramesh, Davol, Providence, RI) was used primarily. All cases were included prospectively from the study period of 2002 through 2009. Patient characteristics were recorded, and follow-up analysis was performed over a period of 42 mo following surgery. Recurrence, reoperations, and all complications were recorded. Mesh awareness and mesh-related pain were assessed using the hernia-specific Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) instrument, completed by 72 patients.

Results:

Over 42 mo of follow-up, 2 ventral hernias have recurred, and no long-term bowel erosion or fistulization has occurred. Little or no mesh-related symptoms were reported, and mean scores for mesh awareness and mesh pain were 3.6 and 3.2, respectively, on a scale from 0–40 (lower scores signify less pain or awareness). Two serious early complications occurred related to intestinal ileus and metal tacks producing intestinal perforation, and this led to a change in the tacking devices used.

Conclusions:

LVHR with carboxymethylcellulose-sodium hyaluronate coating (Sepramesh) is safe and effective. Complications are rare, the repair is durable, and long-term results are good with rare recurrences, low awareness of mesh, and little pain. Technical lessons include use of at least one transfascial suture and the avoidance of metal tacks for fixation.