Association of Polypharmacy With 1-Year Trajectories of Cognitive and Physical Function in Nursing Home Residents: Results From a Multicenter European Study

Objectives

To test the association between polypharmacy and 1-year change in physical and cognitive function among nursing home (NH) residents.

Nutmeg Poisonings: A Retrospective Review of 10 Years Experience from the Illinois Poison Center, 2001–2011

Nutmeg is a commonly consumed spice. The toxic effects of nutmeg have been purported to be due mainly to myristicin oil. Prior poison center series of nutmeg exposures show very few unintentional exposures of nutmeg to children younger than 13. Case series from these centers did not record drug exposures combined with nutmeg. This study is a review of Illinois Poison Center (IPC) data regarding nutmeg exposures from January of 2001 to December 2011. The goal of this study was to compare the Illinois data to the literature as well as look for current trends in nutmeg poisonings. The data were extracted using the code for hallucinogenic plants in the IPC database, and poisonings unrelated to nutmeg exposure were eliminated. Medical outcomes were noted as recorded. Thirty-two cases of nutmeg ingestion were reported. Of the 17 (53.1 %) unintentional exposures, 10 subjects (58.8 %) were under the age of 13. Four of the exposures in children under the age of 13 were ocular exposures. Fifteen exposures (46.9 %) were intentional exposures. Of these intentional exposures, five (33.3 %) were recorded to have combined drug intoxication. All of these were between the ages of 15 and 20. One patient with polypharmaceutical exposure required ventilatory support in the hospital. Our study shows an unexpected percentage of unintentional exposures in juveniles under the age of 13, out of the total exposures to nutmeg. Mixing of nutmeg with other drugs was seen and required more intervention in adolescents. More education about these two factors, i.e., nutmeg exposures as intentional polypharmacy in adolescents and unintentional exposures in young children, is advised.     

Implementing deprescribing guidelines into frontline practice: Barriers and facilitators

A Bruyère Evidence-Based Deprescribing Guideline Symposium was held in March 2018; one component focused on implementing deprescribing guidelines into practice. An interactive discussion activity allowed the 107 participants to share experiences and ideas concerning the barriers and facilitators that arise when moving deprescribing guidelines into frontline practice. Participants identified 8 broad challenges and problem areas. These included challenges and barriers that arise in the daily practices of pharmacists and prescribers and in other health care settings, and those related to existing policies, processes, and financial structures. They also identified 10 factors that facilitated implementation efforts, including: educating patients, caregivers, health care providers (HCPs) and staff; improving collaboration across practice disciplines; expanding the evidence for deprescribing; and fostering organizational cultures of deprescribing. The results indicate that participants are committed to deprescribing and are moving forward with efforts to bring about change. Participants recognize that the implementation of deprescribing is best conceived of as a comprehensive systems change, and that patients and the public need to be involved in deprescribing processes and activities.     

Deprescribing: Future directions for research

A World Café workshop was held at the Bruyère Evidence-Based Deprescribing Guidelines Symposium in March 2018 with 30 participants (researchers, clinicians, policy makers, stakeholders). This workshop explored priorities for future work in the field of deprescribing and deprescribing guidelines through group discussion. The discussions were guided by the following questions: (1) What are deprescribing research priorities (to inform guideline development), (2) What outcome measures are important for developing deprescribing guidelines, and (3) How do we evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of deprescribing guidelines? Discussion from all 3 questions identified 6 main priority areas: (1) conducting high-quality and long-term clinical trials that measure patient-important outcomes, (2) focusing on patient involvement and perspectives, (3) investigating the pharmacoeconomics of deprescribing interventions, (4) understanding deprescribing interventions in different populations, (5) generating evidence on clinical management during deprescribing (e.g. managing adverse drug withdrawal effects, subsequent re-prescribing), and (6) implementing interventions in clinical practice. These topics represent what a group of experienced researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders in the field collectively felt was important to consider for design and implementation of future deprescribing studies. The aim is for these findings to stimulate future discussions and be considered by granting agencies, policy makers, deprescribing research networks, and individual researchers planning future deprescribing studies.     

Kaposi肉瘤治疗的研究进展

Kaposi肉瘤的治疗应依据不同临床类型,制定个体化方案.常用治疗方法有电化学疗法、放疗、物理治疗(如硝酸银、液氮冷冻、弹力长筒袜)和皮损内注射等,适用于经典型Kaposi肉瘤及其他类型Kaposi肉瘤的皮肤损害.常用治疗药物有足叶乙甙、紫杉醇、阿霉素、雷帕霉素、吉西他滨等,适用于各型Kaposi肉瘤.Kaposi肉瘤的治疗尚缺乏标准化指南,以上治疗远期疗效欠佳.目前,新治疗靶标的研究主要集中在阻止成瘤过程、炎症调控、阻止病毒复制、细胞周期的调控等方面.     

Associations of potentially inappropriate medication use with four year survival of an inception cohort of nursing home residents

BackgroundSurvival in older adults has a high variability. The possible association of length of survival with potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use remains unclear.AimTo examine the four-year survival rate, the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use at admission, and the association between the two, in an inception cohort of newly admitted nursing home residentsMethodsData were used from ageing@NH, a prospective observational cohort study in nursing homes. Residents (n = 613) were followed for four years after admission or until death. PIM use was measured at admission, using STOPPFrail. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, using log-rank tests for subgroup analyses. Cox regression analyses was used to explore associations with PIM use and polypharmacy, corrected for covariatesResultsMean age was 84, 65% were females. After one, two, three and four years the survival rates were respectively 79%, 60.5%, 47% and 36%. At admission, 47% had polypharmacy and 40% excessive polypharmacy, 11% did not use any PIMs, and respectively 28%, 29%, and 32% used one, two and three or more PIMs. No difference in survival was found between polypharmacy and no polypharmacy, and PIM use and no PIM use at admission. Neither polypharmacy nor PIM use at admission were associated with mortality.ConclusionResidents survived a relatively short time after NH admission. Polypharmacy and PIM use at admission were relatively high in this cohort, although neither was associated with mortality.