皮下注射啤酒酵母引起的小鼠“虚证”模型初探

1次sc10％的干啤酒酵母混悬液0.2ml/10g。5天后小鼠的开阔行为活动 减少,被动学习过程中错误数增加,脾脏肿大,耐缺氧能力减弱。15天后皮层M受 体数减少,纹状体M受体数增加。中药党参及脑复康均能改善sc酵母引起的学习障 碍。本结果初步表明,sc酵母可以作为某种适合于中医药实验研究的虚证动物模型。     

Prolongation of latencies for passive avoidance responses in rats treated with aniracetam or piracetam

Effects of aniracetam (1-anysoyl-2-pyrrolodone) and piracetam (1-acetamido-2-pyrrolidone) on passive avoidance behavior were studied in 2 and 18 months old rats using a step-down passive avoidance task. Repeated administration of aniracetam (30 and 50 mg/kg, IP X 5 days) or piracetam (100 mg/kg, IP X 5 days) significantly prolonged step-down latencies for a passive avoidance task in 2 months old rats. Administration of aniracetam (50 mg/kg, IP) or piracetam (100 mg/kg, IP), however, did not affect locomotor activity. This prolongation of latencies was also seen with oral administration of aniracetam (50 mg/kg X 5 days). Similar prolongation of latencies also occurred in 18 months old rat treated with aniracetam (50 mg/kg, IP X 5 days). The results imply that aniracetam may improve learning and/or memory in 2 and 18 months old rats.     

脑复康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血引起的脑水肿及神经功能变化的影响

目的探讨脑复康(吡拉西坦)对局灶性脑缺血引起的脑水肿及神经学行为的影响.方法阻断大鼠一侧大脑中动脉造成局灶性脑缺血模型.分别通过舌下静脉输注不同剂量的脑复康注射液及甘露醇注射液,观察各组动物在阻断大脑中动脉24h后,动物神经功能、脑梗塞体积及脑组织含水量的变化,并与假手术组及对照组进行比较分析.结果阻断大鼠一侧大脑中动脉引起了动物神经功能的明显变化及阻断侧大脑半球的严重水肿.脑复康注射液剂量依赖性地降低动物的脑梗塞体积及阻断侧大脑半球的含水量,改善其神经功能,1000 mg/kg脑复康注射液的降低脑水含量及脑梗塞体积、改善神经功能的作用与同剂量的甘露醇效果相当.结论较大(250 mg/kg以上)剂量的脑复康注射液对局灶性缺血的脑组织有明显的保护作用.     

Radial maze as a tool for assessing the effect of drugs on the working memory of rats

The effect of physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg), scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg), d,l-amphetamine (1 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg), and piracetam (100 mg/kg) on working memory was examined in 12 rats that were highly overtrained in the radial maze. In experiment 1, drugs administered 10 min before the trial did not worsen performance of rats in the 12-arm maze. In experiment 2, insertion of a 5-min delay between the sixth and seventh choices increased the number of errors over choices 7–12. Performance was unaffected by pretreatment with physostigmine or apomorphine, but was significantly impaired by scopolamine, amphetamine, and piracetam. In experiment 3, performed in a 24-arm maze, the number of errors and trial duration increased, but performance was not decreased by amphetamine or piracetam. It is concluded that the uninterrupted radial maze task is relatively resistant to pharmacological disruption, but that scopolamine, amphetamine, and piracetam enhance the effect of stimuli interfering with the storage of spatial information over delays.     

奥拉西坦胶囊对儿童脑性瘫痪的临床疗效研究

目的 研究和评价奥拉西坦治疗儿童脑性瘫痪的临床疗效和安全性。方法 对60例儿童脑性瘫痪患者进行随机双盲实验阳性药物吡拉西坦为对照，实验组采用奥托西坦。采用韦氏学前及入学儿童智能量表（WPPSI）和脑性瘫痪日常生活评价量表（ADL），比较治疗后药物对上述指标改善程度的差异。结果 奥拉西坦可明显改善脑性瘫痪儿童智能和生活能力，实验组与对照组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。研究期间无药物相关不良反应发生，实验室检查没有明显改变。结论 奥托西坦可以改善脑性瘫痪的智能和生活能力，且具有很高的安全性。     

祛痰逐瘀法治疗血管性痴呆临床研究

目的：观察祛痰逐瘀法治疗血管性痴呆的临床疗效。方法：将110例血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组静脉滴注吡拉西坦注射液与银杏叶注射液,治疗组在对照组基础上加用祛痰逐瘀方药,3周为1个疗程,治疗3~4个疗程。观察两组治疗前后简明精神状态检查（ minimum mental stateexamination,MMSE）评分、日常生活活动能力量表（ activities of daily livingscale,ADL）评分和临床痴呆评定量表（ clinical dementia rating,CDR）的评分情况。结果：治疗后两组患者MMSE评分、ADL评分、CDR评分均较治疗前有所改善,且治疗组优于对照组（ P<0.01）;治疗组有效率81.0%,对照组61.5%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（ P<0.01）。结论：祛痰逐瘀法治疗血管性痴呆临床疗效显著。     

Reversal of propoxur-induced impairment of step-down passive avoidance, transfer latency and oxidative stress by piracetam and ascorbic acid in rats

Propoxur, a carbamate pesticide has been shown to adversely affect memory and induce oxidative stress. The present study was designed to correlate the effect of propoxur, piracetam (a nootropic drug) and ascorbic acid (an antioxidant) on oxidative stress and cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed using step-down latency (SDL) on a passive avoidance apparatus and transfer latency (TL) on elevated plus maze. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) levels. A significant reduction in SDL and prolongation of TL was found for the propoxur-treated group at weeks 6 and 7 as compared with control (p < 0.001). One week treatment by piracetam (400 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or ascorbic acid (120 mg/kg/d, i.p.) antagonized the effect of propoxur on SDL as well as TL. Both piracetam and ascorbic acid attenuated the propoxur-induced increase in brain MDA levels and decrease in brain NP-SH levels. Results of the present study show that ascorbic acid and piracetam have the potential to reverse cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by propoxur in the brain.     

A Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Piracetam Added to Risperidone in Patients with Autistic Disorder

It has been reported that autism is a hypoglutamatergic disorder. Therefore, it was of interest to assess the efficacy of piracetam, a positive modulator of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors in autistic disorder. About 40 children between the ages three and 11 years (inclusive) with a DSM IV clinical diagnosis of autism and who were outpatients from a specialty clinic for children were recruited. The children presented with a chief complaint of severely disruptive symptoms related to autistic disorder. Patients were randomly allocated to piracetam + risperidone (Group A) or placebo + risperidone (Group B) for a 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The dose of risperidone was titrated up to 2 mg/day for children between 10 and 40 kg and 3 mg/day for children weighting above 40 kg. The dose of piracetam was titrated up to 800 mg/day. Patients were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of starting medication. The measure of the outcome was the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Community (ABC-C) Rating Scale (total score). The ABC-C Rating Scale scores improved with piracetam. The difference between the two protocols was significant as indicated by the effect of group, the between subjects factor (F = 5.85, d.f. = 1, P = 0.02). The changes at the endpoint compared with baseline were: −11.90 ± 3.79 (mean ± SD) and −5.15 ± 3.04 for group A and B respectively. A significant difference was observed on the change in scores in the ABC-C Rating Scale in week 10 compared with baseline in the two groups (t = 6.017, d.f. = 38, P < 0.0001). The results suggest that a combination of atypical antipsychotic medications and a glutamate agent such as piracetam, might have increase synergistic effects in the treatment of autism.     

吡拉西坦注射液联合甘露醇治疗脑出血后脑水肿的疗效分析

目的探讨吡拉西坦注射液联合甘露醇治疗脑出血后脑水肿的临床疗效。方法将120例颅内出血患者随机分成观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规治疗,采用20％复方甘露醇注射液,观察组在采用20％复方甘露醇注射液的同时联合应用吡拉西坦注射液,比较两组患者治疗前后血肿大小及水肿体积;同时对治疗前后进行神经功能缺损程度（NIHSS评分）和日常生活活动能力（Bathel指数评分）评分,作疗效评价。结果两组患者治疗后血肿大小、水肿体积明显缩小（P〈0．05）,CPK值明显降低（P〈0．05）,观察组改善更明显（P〈0．05）;两组患者治疗后NISHH评分、日常活动能力评分均明显优于治疗前（P〈0．05）,观察组改善更明显（P〈0．05）;显效率观察组65．0％,对照组41．7％,观察组优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论吡拉西坦注射液联合甘露醇可以更有效促进脑水肿的吸收,有效降低颅内压,进而改善患者的神经功能,提高其生活质量。     

灯盏花素与吡拉西坦配伍稳定性的探讨

目的探讨灯盏花素注射液与吡拉西坦注射液配伍的稳定性及两药同时使用的安全性。方法使用比色法和pH值对照对两者不同配伍比例时溶液的澄明度进行检查。结果两者无配伍禁忌。结论灯盏花素注射液与吡拉西坦注射液可以直接配伍使用。