成人齿状突骨折的治疗策略

对于齿状突骨折的治疗目前无一致意见,且尚无充分证据支持骨折的非手术或手术治疗选择.影响骨折愈合的因素包括骨折平面、是否移位和移位程度以及患者的年龄,笔者建议的手术适应证包括明显移位或成角、年龄>50岁、ⅡA型骨折、非手术治疗不能维持骨折稳定和陈旧性骨折.手术治疗应尽量选择前路螺钉内固定而避免融合.     

暴力手法松解粘连致股骨髁上骨折畸形愈合1例

患者男性，21岁，因“左股骨干骨折内固定取出术后膝部畸形、活动受限2个月”入院。询问病史，患者于2006年2月曾因车祸致左股骨干骨折、髌骨骨折，在当地医院行手术治疗。髌骨骨折给予石膏固定。3个月后出现膝关节屈曲功能障碍，本次入院12个月前患者于当地医院行内固定取出，同时在麻醉下行手法松解。术后患者出现膝关节疼痛、屈伸功能障碍，查体见左膝关节呈屈曲畸形，膝关节无法伸直，主被动活动明显受限，     

人工半肩关节置换治疗高龄肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨人工半肩关节置换治疗高龄肱骨近端粉碎性骨折的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2007年2月,对42例高龄肱骨近端Neer三、四部分骨折患者行人工半肩关节置换术,术中修复受损的肩袖.重建大、小结节,术后根据Neer康复原则进行早期功能锻炼.结果 42例患者术后获10～28个月(平均12.7个月)随访,疼痛明显缓解.肩关节功能应用ASES评分系统进行评价:优11例,良24例,可4例,差3例,优良率为83.3%.42例患者均未出现假体松动,3例术后出现肩关节假体上移,1例上举轻度受限,4例出现大、小结节吸收.结论 对于高龄肱骨近端Neer三、四部分骨折,可选择人工半肩关节置换.     

外固定支架在严重多发伤并胫腓骨开放性骨折中应用的病例对照研究

目的：探讨早期外固定架固定开放性胫腓骨骨折对严重多发伤患者治疗和预后的影响。方法：采用回顾性对比分析，73例严重多发伤（ISS〉16分）患者按胫腓骨骨折手术方法不同分2组。治疗组42例，男31例，女11例；平均年龄40．2岁；均急诊行清创、骨折复位外固定支架固定术。对照组31例，男22例，女9例；平均年龄42．6岁；均急诊行清创、跟骨牵引术或石膏外固定术。比较两组患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）发生情况及病死率、小腿创面感染率、创面及骨折愈合时间。结果：两组的并发症（ARDS）发生率差异有统计学意义，行外固定架治疗组低于对照组（P〈0．05），治疗组感染率明显低（P〈0．05），创面愈合时间明显短。结论：外固定架治疗严重多发伤并胫腓骨开放性骨折，明显减少并发症发生率，降低创面感染率。     

Increased serum OPG in atrophic nonunion shaft fractures

Background  Bone repair alteration is hypothesized for nonunion fracture pathogenesis. Since it is involved in osteoclast regulation, the RANK/RANKL/OPG system (receptor activator of nuclear factor kB/its ligand/osteoprotegerin) may play a role. Materials and methods  Serum OPG, free RANKL, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were determined in 16 male patients (20–39 years) with long bone atrophic nonunion fractures. Serum markers were also measured in 18 age-matched male controls who healed from the same type of fractures within six months, and in 14 age-matched male controls who were healing from the same fractures one month after injury. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results  Only OPG was significantly higher (0.56 sd 0.11 ng/ml) in the patients compared to healed (0.26 sd 0.04 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and healing (0.29 sd 0.09 ng/ml; P < 0.001) controls. The patients’ DPD levels were normal. No correlations were found between bone markers and the characteristics of the subjects in all groups. Conclusions  A normal steady state of bone metabolism seems to be present in patients with atrophic nonunion fractures, despite the high serum OPG. The reason for the inability of the patients’ OPG to inhibit osteoclastic activity is unknown. Osteoblast activity also appears normal, so another cellular source of OPG can be hypothesized.     

Factors affecting infection after calcaneal fracture fixation

A retrospective study of 178 operatively managed intra-articular calcaneal fractures was undertaken. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate whether delay prior to surgery was related to the prevalence of post-operative deep infection although other factors related to infection were also examined.The deep infection rate was 5.6% but there was no statistical correlation between surgical delay and deep infection. However analysis of the results showed that surgical experience did correlate with deep infection. The infection rate for a group of inexperienced surgeons was 14.3% compared with 2.8% for the most experienced surgeon in the study. Analysis also indicated a trend towards more socially deprived patients having a higher rate of infection but it was only in drug addicts where there was a significantly increased rate of deep infection. Other factors such as smoking, fracture severity and wound closure did not affect the rate of deep infection.Our study shows that delay prior to calcaneal fracture surgery is not associated with a lower infection rate but it is does indicate that surgical experience is important and we believe that these difficult fractures should be treated in specialised centres.     

折断螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨高龄患者股骨转子间骨折内固定方法。方法对３０例高龄患者骨转子间骨折采用折断螺钉内固定进行临床观察。结果３０例全部愈合，平均愈合时间４３个月，无并发症发生。结论该法创伤小，尤为适宜高龄患者，手术安全，术后护理简单，恢复快。     

C-D器械固定加选择性椎间或椎体内植骨治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折

目的 改进治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折的治疗方法。方法 应用经椎弓根固定器械（Ｃ－Ｄ）固定，加选择性椎间或椎体内植骨，治疗不稳定性胸腰椎骨折８２例。结果 术后７８例达到解剖复位，３例大部复位，１例严重压缩性骨折，压缩的椎体虽未复原，但恢复了正常的脊柱力线。不全瘫者２８例术后均有不同程度的功能恢复，但完全戴瘫者１７例功能无恢复。３５例经１￣３年随访，畸形矫正满意，无轿正角度丢失，取钉后腰背僵硬感消失。结论     

CLOSED NAILING OF THE HUMERUS—FROM DOWN UNDER

Closed intramedullary nailing of the humerus using a curved clover-leaf nail (pohl nail) is a relatively minor operative procedure and is associated with few complications. The technique of the operation when performed from below (29 cases) and also from above (7 cases) is that as described initially by kuntscher and his colleagues. This paper presents the technique and the experience from 1978 to 1985 with 36 cases (20 for metastatic bone deposits, four in multiple injury patients, three in patients with a severe head injury, four in patients with multiple fractures in the same limb and five in other patients particularly elderly women with osteoporotic bones). This review demonstrates the efficacy of closed ntramedullary nailing of the humerus particularly when the nail is insetted into the humerus from below just proximal to the olecranon fossa.     

下肢骨干骨折伴发同侧髋关节损伤

从Delaney和Street[1]首次报道股骨干骨折伴发同侧髋关节损伤以来,欧美国家报道较多[2],国内多为个案报告[3,4]。随着我国交通和建筑业的日益发展,下肢骨干(股、胫骨)骨折伴发同侧髋关节损伤并非少见。在这类损伤中股、胫骨骨折易于诊断,但髋关节损伤容易延误诊断或漏诊[2,4-8],治疗上较为复杂,为此作者复习了近年来的21例下肢骨干骨折伴发同侧髋关节损伤的病例,对其临床特点进行分析和研究。