AO髁支撑钢板在股骨远端骨折治疗中的应用

目的　探讨AO髁支撑钢板治疗A型和C型 (AO分类 )股骨远端骨折的临床效果。②方法　应用AO髁支撑钢板治疗股骨远端骨折 18例 (A型 8例 ,C型 8例 ,AC混合型 2例 )。③结果　术后X线检查示 18例均达解剖复位或近解剖复位 ,固定可靠。 3例膝屈曲 45°受限 ,15例住院期间膝屈曲达 90°以上 (占 83.3% )。 11例获0 .5～ 2 .0年随访骨折均愈合。④结论　AO髁支撑钢板和股骨远端的解剖形态较为匹配 ,治疗A型和C型股骨远端骨折可达坚强内固定。     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫腓骨骨折14例临床分析

目的　观察小切口骨折复位带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效。方法　对 14例 (股骨干6例、胫骨干 5例、胫腓骨 3例 )采用带锁髓内钉固定。结果　随访 12例 ,平均 10 .5个月 ,骨折全部愈合 ,平均愈合时间胫腓骨为 11周、股骨为 18周。结论　小切口骨折复位带锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫腓骨骨折是一种有效的内固定的方法。     

成年股骨颈骨折临床特征分析:一项基于医院的回顾性研究

目的分析天津市天津医院股骨颈骨折患者的临床特征。方法收集2016年1月1日至2017年12月31日在天津市天津医院出院的股骨颈骨折患者资料并进行回顾性研究,统计患者的性别、年龄、骨折分型、受伤机制及治疗方法等并进行分析比较。结果共筛选出符合条件的患者2150例,男736例,女1414例,不同年龄段患者男、女分布的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=91.63,P<0.001)。青年(18~44岁)患者中,男性多于女性,中年(45~64岁)、老年(≥65岁)患者中,女性多于男性。骨折类型以移位型为主(75.56%,1646/2150),移位率青年患者最低(55.17%,64/116),老年患者最高(81.91%,1159/1415)。三个年龄段患者的主要受伤机制均为摔倒[青年61.21%(71/116),中年80.29%(497/619),老年91.24%(1291/1415)]。不同年龄段患者治疗方式的差别有统计学意义(χ^2=1057.11,P<0.001),中、青年患者无论骨折是否移位,主要治疗方式均为内固定术;中年无移位患者采用内固定术的比例(86.22%,169/196)高于移位患者(62.88%,266/423)(χ^2=34.93,P<0.001)。老年患者中无移位者多采用内固定术,移位者多采用半髋置换术。陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者年龄(中位年龄74岁)大于新鲜骨折患者(中位年龄70岁)(Z=-2.777,P=0.005)。陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者移位率(92.41%,73/79)高于新鲜股骨颈骨折患者(75.95%,1573/2071)(χ^2=11.48,P=0.001)。陈旧性股骨颈骨折患者多采用全髋置换术,新鲜骨折患者采用内固定术、半髋置换术、全髋置换术比例相差不大,内固定术最多。结论股骨颈骨折老年女性患者最多;移位患者多于无移位患者;青、中、老年患者受伤机制均为摔倒;中、青年患者多采用内固定术治疗,老年患者主要采用关节置换术治疗。     

Deltoid ligament reconstruction with autologous gracilis tendon in chronic medial ankle instability after ankle fracture surgery: A case report

IntroductionThe repair of a deltoid ligament injury, following an ankle fracture with involvement of the syndesmosis, has no univocal consensus. Also the surgical strategies in case of a subsequent chronic instability are still under debate. In this work the result of a double bundle anatomic reconstruction of deltoid ligament with ipsilateral autologous gracilis muscle tendon is presented.Case reportA 50 year old active male patient came to our attention with a catastrophic medial ankle instability, a severe pronation of the hindfoot and disabling ankle pain. He reported a Weber type B fracture of the left ankle with a lesion of the syndesmosis treated with anatomic plate and screws and a transyndesmotic screw 8 months before. The imaging showed a complete deltoid ligament lesion. Due to the impossibility of a direct repair of the ligament, we performed the reconstruction of the medial ligamentous complex with an autologous gracilis tendon graft. 10 months after the medial ligamentous complex reconstruction, the patient showed an excellent recovery of walking ability, disappearance of pain under load and resumed an active lifestyle.DiscussionThe deltoid ligament has a key role in ankle joint stability and its integrity promotes the recovery after ankle fractures. However, its lesion is often left untreated in the acute setting. The result of a chronic untreated deltoid ligament injury could be extremely disabling and the ligament reconstruction, when an optimal native deltoid ligament repair is not achievable, is the choice to restore ankle function and stability.ConclusionIn the delayed treatment of a deltoid ligament rupture the described double bundle anatomic reconstruction with autologous tendon graft can be an effective and suitable option.     

Damage control orthopaedics in polytraumatized patients- current concepts

The principles of fracture management in patients with multiple injuries continue to be of crucial importance. Early treatment of unstable polytraumatized patients with head, chest, abdomen or pelvic injuries, with blood loss followed by immediate fracture fixation (Early Total Care -ETC) may be associated with secondary life threatening posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Development of SIRS is typically a function of the type and severity of the initial injury (the “first hit”). Immediate Fracture fixation, using reamed nails or plates, in such unstable patients with multiple injuries is subsequently defined as the “second hit” and may be associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF), with relatively high morbidity and mortality.The other alternative for long bone fracture fixation in unstable polytraumatized patients is based on immediate treatment of life threatening conditions related to the injuries, followed by the initial use of minimally invasive modular external frames for long bone fractures and is called Damage Control Orthopedics (DCO) and is widely accepted. In order to refine the DCO concept and to avoid an overuse of external fixation, the “Safe Definitive Surgery” (SDS) concept has been introduced, which is a dynamic synthesis of both strategies (ETC and DCO). The SDS strategy employs clinical parameters and includes repeated assessment of patients. The following paper is going to summarize historical backgrounds and recent concepts in treatment of polytraumatized patients.     

滑轮悬吊牵引复位结合自制小夹板固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折

目的:探讨滑轮悬吊牵引复位结合自制小夹板固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2017年12月至2019年12月将收治的60例伸直型桡骨远端骨折患者分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组男12例,女18例;年龄50~75(59.63±8.08)岁;骨折按照AO分型,A2型25例,A3型5例;采用滑轮悬吊牵引复位配合自制小夹板固定。对照组男11例,女19例;年龄52~76(59.77±8.03)岁;按照AO分型,A2型24例,A3型6例;采用传统手法复位配合自制小夹板固定。比较两组患者治疗前后桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角情况,并采用改良Green和O’Brien腕关节评分标准评价临床疗效。结果:60例患者均获得随访,时间11~13(11.90±0.80)个月;拆除夹板时间42~60(50.20±4.94)d,拆除夹板后X线片显示所有骨折骨性愈合,关节面平整。观察组治疗前桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角分别为(4.57±1.16)mm、(12.83±3.25)°、(-21.17±3.36)°,治疗8周后分别为(10.10±1.75)mm、(24.30±3.16)°、(9.40±2.13)°;对照组治疗前桡骨高度、尺偏角、掌倾角分别为(4.50±1.43)mm、(12.83±3.10)°、(-21.50±3.38)°,治疗8周后分别为(8.90±1.24)mm、(21.20±2.91)°、(6.16±2.94)°;治疗前两组桡骨高度、尺偏角和掌倾角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗8周后观察组桡骨高度、尺偏角和掌倾角均较对照组显著改善(P<0.05)。末次随访时观察组改良Green和O’Brien腕关节评分(90.97±7.92)分与对照组(84.77±9.14)分比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.807,P<0.05);其中观察组优18例,良10例,可2例;对照组优10例,良15例,可3例,差2例;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:采用滑轮悬吊牵引复位结合自制小夹板固定治疗伸直型桡骨远端骨折,比传统手法牵引复位固定更具优越性,牵引稳定可靠,复位效果好,并能获得更好的腕关节功能,临床可根据患者的实际情况选择应用。     

Pulmonary contusions in patients with rib fractures: The need to better classify a common injury

BackgroundPulmonary contusions are common injuries. Computed tomography reveals vast contused lung volume spectrum, yet pulmonary contusions are defined dichotomously (unilateral vs bilateral). We assessed whether there is stepwise increased risk of pulmonary complications among patients without, with unilateral, and with bilateral pulmonary contusion.MethodsWe identified adults admitted with rib fractures using the largest US inpatient database. After propensity-score-matching patients without vs with unilateral vs bilateral pulmonary contusions and adjusting for residual confounders, we compared risk for pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), respiratory failure, intubation, and mortality.ResultsAmong 148,140 encounters of adults with multiple rib fractures, 19% had concomitant pulmonary contusions. Matched patients with pulmonary contusions had increased risk of pneumonia 19% [95%CI:16–33%], respiratory failure 40% [95%CI: 31–50%], and intubation 46% [95%CI: 33–61%]. Delineation showed bilateral contusions, not unilateral contusions, attributed to increased risk of complications.ConclusionsThere is likely a correlation between contused lung volume and risk of pulmonary complications; dichotomously classifying pulmonary contusions is insufficient. Better understanding this correlation requires establishing the clinically significant contusion volume and a correspondingly refined classification system.     

Management of Neglected Upper Cervical Spine Injuries

BackgroundInjuries involving upper cervical spine are serious and fatal injuries which are associated with alteration of normal occipital–cervical anatomy. These injuries may result in permanent neurologic deficits or neck deformity if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner.ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of neglected upper cervical spine injuries treated by various methods.Study designRetrospective study.Materials and methodsTwelve patients attending ER or OPD with a history of neck trauma and who were diagnosed with fractures and fracture dislocations C1 and C2 were included in the study. Fresh injuries sustained within a week were excluded from study. The outcomes were measured in terms of improvement in VAS, ODI Scores and correction of the neck deformity. Surgical parameters like duration of surgery and blood loss were also observed.ResultsEleven males and one female. The mean age was 40.9 ± 16.9 (07–67 years). Eleven patients underwent posterior instrumentation, while one patient was treated anteriorly. The mean delay in presentation was 28 ± 8.67 days (15–42 days). The mean duration of surgery was 188.3 ± 34.35 min (120–240 min), average blood loss was 350 ± 111.8 ml (150–600 ml). The mean VAS improved from 8.45 ± 0.89 to 3.9 ± 0.51 (p < 0.05). The mean ODI Pre-operatively was 88.45 ± 5.89 which improved to 31.9 ± 4.01 (p < 0.05). The neck deformity/torticollis was corrected in all the patients.ConclusionsNeglected upper cervical spine injuries are difficult to treat and a posterior approach is helpful in reducing the subluxations indirectly and to obtain a posterior fusion.     

北京地区老年髋部脆性骨折患者术后抗骨质疏松症药物治疗现状及影响因素分析

目的 评估北京地区老年髋部脆性骨折患者术后抗骨质疏松症药物（AOM）治疗现状并探讨其影响因素。方法 横断面研究。纳入2018年11月—2019年11月北京积水潭医院、北京医院、北京安贞医院、北京市昌平区医院、北京市顺义区医院、北京市房山区良乡医院收治的髋部脆性骨折患者1 963例,总结其人口学特征,并收集患者入院后30、120、365 d的临床资料,AOM治疗及健康基本补充剂使用情况。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析AOM治疗的影响因素。结果 1 963例老年髋部脆性骨折患者,住院时年龄65~102（79.3±7.2）岁,≥80岁患者占56.7%（1 113/1 963）;男性患者占30.8%（604/1 963）,女性患者占69.2%（1 359/1 963）;股骨颈骨折846例,股骨粗隆间骨折1 077例,股骨粗隆下骨折40例。综合3个时间点,在髋部骨折后1年内,33.0%（648/1 963）的患者接受过AOM治疗,71.0%（1 394/1 963）的患者使用过健康基本补充剂。入院后30、120、365 d患者AOM治疗率分别为23.0%（451/1 963）、17.9%（353/1 963）、21.0%（412/1 963）,健康基本补充剂使用率分别为59.0%（1 158/1 963）、45.0%（883/1 963）、38.0%（746/1 963）。单因素分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁[粗比值比（OR）=0.645,95%可信区间（CI） 0.495~0.840]、男性（粗OR=0.760,95% CI 0.581~0.996）、共管模式（粗OR=3.025,95% CI 0.973~9.405）、居住地农村（粗OR=0.523,95% CI 0.388~0.704）、AOM服用史（粗OR=7.612,95% CI 2.227~26.020）、既往骨质疏松症史（粗OR=5.065,95% CI 3.149~8.147）、骨质疏松评估（粗OR=1.379,95% CI 1.105~2.451）是AOM治疗的影响因素。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥80岁（调整后OR=0.618,95% CI 0.488~0.781）、男性（调整后OR=0.716,95% CI 0.565~0.908）、居住地农村（调整后OR=0.492,95% CI 0.375~0.645）是AOM治疗的危险因素;共管模式（调整后OR=2.632,95% CI 1.004~6.897）、AOM服用史（调整后OR=4.870,95% CI 2.080~11.402）、既往骨质疏松症史（调整后OR=4.804,95% CI 3.253~7.096）、骨质疏松评估（调整后OR=1.393,95% CI 1.041~1.862）是AOM治疗的保护因素。结论 北京地区老年髋部脆性骨折患者的AOM治疗率偏低。年龄≥80岁、男性、在农村居住的髋部脆性骨折患者治疗率较低,可采取共管模式,术前进行骨质疏松诊断与评估,提高骨质疏松治疗率。