Vitamin D receptor genotype and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly women of Utah: an effect modified by parity

Introduction The associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) Bsm I and Fok I genotypes, parity, and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated in a statewide population-based case-control study in Utah.Methods Women age 50–89 years with hip fracture (n=882) were ascertained via surveillance of 18 Utah hospitals from 1997 to 2001. Age-matched controls were randomly selected (n=897). Participants were interviewed in their homes, and blood samples were collected for genotyping.Results In logistic regression analyses that controlled for multiple confounders, Bsm I VDR genotype but not Fok I genotype was associated with risk of osteoporotic hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB genotype: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.95). In similar analyses, no overall association was observed between parity status and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture. However, the effect of VDR genotype was modified by parity status. Among nulliparous women (n=140), Bsm I genotype was not associated with risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.28, 2.4); among primiparous women (n=133), bb genotype was associated with increased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 3.30; 95% CI: 0.96, 11.29); among multiparous women (n=1,400), bb genotype was associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.84).Conclusion VDR Bsm I genotype was associated with risk of hip fracture in Utah women, and this effect was modified by parity status. Hormonal or lifestyle factors related to parity may underlie this interaction.     

股骨重建钉在股骨粗隆下骨折手术中的应用

[目的]探讨股骨重建钉（RIN）治疗股骨粗隆下骨折（SFF）的手术方法及临床疗效。[方法]1998年6月-2005年5月，采用RIN技术对4JD例SFF患者进行固定，其中男27例，女13例；年龄22．．75岁。平均43．5岁。依据Seinsheimer分类：Ⅱ型5例，Ⅲ型13例，Ⅳ型21例，Ⅴ型1例。高能量损伤33例，低能量损伤7例。开放性骨折3例。[结果]4JD例随访8个月-2a6个月，平均1a8个月。X线片观察骨折愈合时间4．2月（3．2-6．5月）。按照韩一生评分标准，优26例，良12例，可2例，优良率95％。无感染、内固定失效、畸形愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死等并发症。[结论]RIN技术是治疗SFF的一种有效方法，具有固定可靠、并发症少、骨折愈合率高等优点。精细的手术操作是手术成功的关键。     

高龄股骨颈骨折人工关节置换的围手术期处理

目的:对行人工关节置换手术的高龄股骨颈骨折患者进行围手术期综合处理,探讨其围手术期治疗的必要性与重要性。方法:68例股骨颈骨折的高龄患者,男28例,女40例;年龄70～88岁,平均76.4岁。所有患者于关节置换术前采用有效的降糖,降压,营养心肌,保肝,纠正贫血、低蛋白血症等综合处理,控制合并症。患者全身情况、脏器功能状况可耐受手术后行人工关节置换手术。结果:所有患者均安全渡过手术期,切口Ⅰ期愈合。1例术后早期出现腹泻并发症,经应用制霉菌素及金双岐调节肠道菌群,腹泻控制。按Harris标准评价疗效,优39例,良24例,可5例,优良率92.6%。结论:严格有效的围手术期综合治疗是处理高龄股骨颈骨折患者行人工关节置换手术的安全保障。     

心理干预对行体外受精病人的影响

体外受精(IVF)治疗对不育夫妇既是一种生理负担又是一种心理负担,在IVF各个时期均表现出心理应激,其中胚胎移植后至妊娠试验前和IVF失败后应激最强,出现负性心理反应,以焦虑、抑郁多见。研究表明,通过心理干预能有效缓解患者的负性心理,并可能提高妊娠率和降低治疗中断率。     

锁定加压钢板微创固定治疗肱骨干骨折的初步报告

目的探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)经肱骨前侧入路微创穿皮固定治疗肱骨干骨折的方法及疗效。方法2004年2月-2005年1月间,使用LCP经肱骨前侧入路微创穿皮固定治疗肱骨干骨折17例,男12例,女5例;年龄18-75岁(平均48岁)。根据AO分型:A型3例,B型10例,C型4例。结果经14-25个月(平均19．1个月)随访,17例患者全部愈合。骨折愈合时间为9-14周(平均11．3周)。末次随访时,肩关节前屈135°-180°(平均174°),后伸20°-40°(平均38°),外展70°-90°(平均87°);肘关节前屈115°-135°(平均133°),后伸-10°-0°(平均-1°);手臂肩残疾问卷表(DASH)评分6-44分(平均11分)。术后3例出现并发症:1例GustiloⅢB型开放性骨折发生浅表感染,经保守治疗后痊愈;1例术后出现一过性桡神经麻痹,3个月后症状完全消退;另有1例出现明显的肩肘关节功能障碍。无继发骨折移位及内固定物失效或断裂。结论LCP经肱骨前侧入路微创穿皮固定治疗肱骨干骨折可以提供稳定的固定,骨折愈合率较高,神经血管结构相对安全;更适合于粉碎性或骨质较差的肱骨干骨折。     

后路半椎体切除矫治半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸畸形

[目的]评价后路半椎体切除术治疗半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果。[方法]2000年5月~2005年11月,采用后路半椎体切除及矫形固定融合术治疗14例完全分节半椎体所致脊柱侧后凸畸形患者。年龄2.5~14.4岁,平均7.4岁,半椎体均为侧后方半椎体,其中胸椎7例,腰椎7例。[结果]手术时间2~7 h,平均4.7h,术中出血量150~2 500 m l,平均560 m。l固定节段2~8个椎体,平均3.5。术后随访6~36个月。平均15.6个月。术后站立位脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb's角由术前46.2°矫正到17.3°,平均矫正率62.6%,矢状面Cobb's角由术前48.3°矫正至术后16.2°,平均矫正率68.7%。终末随访时冠状面Cobb's角平均21.7°,丢失4.4°,矢状面Cobb's角平均18.7°,丢失2.5°。围手术期并发症包括:伤口愈合不良2例,术中术后椎弓根螺钉切割椎体2例。[结论]后路半椎体切除可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面及矢状面均获得良好的矫形效果,与前后路手术相比可缩短手术时间,减少创伤,适用于从胸段到腰段的半椎体畸形。     

应用可吸收钉棒治疗关节内骨折

目的探讨可吸收钉、棒治疗关节内骨折的效果。方法1998年6月～2004年8月，应用自身增强一聚乙酯（self-reinforced polyglycolic acid，SR—PGA）、自身增强一聚丙酯（self—reinforced poly—L—Lacticacid，SR—PLLA）可吸收螺钉、棒，手术治疗关节内骨折35例，其中男30例，女5例。年龄4～62岁。均为关节内或关节周围松质骨骨折。手术时间为伤后3h～29d。应用SR—PGA全螺纹钉9枚，SR—PLLA拉力螺钉26枚，SR—PLLA固定棒15枚。术后行骨牵引或石膏外固定。结果患者术后获随访3～60个月，平均28个月，伤口均Ⅰ期愈合；骨折于1～3个月内达临床愈合，无再移位、感染及局部积液。患者关节功能恢复满意。根据美国骨科协会（AASO）关节功能评价：优26例，良7例，可1例，差1例，优良率94．3％。结论可吸收内固定钉、棒治疗关节内及关节周围骨折，免除了患者二次手术取出内固定物的痛苦，是一种有效和较为理想的方法。     

间期细胞原位PCR检测B细胞系恶性淋巴瘤

目的：应用原位PCR技术检测B细胞系恶性淋巴瘤。方法：采用免疫球蛋白重链（IgH)基因第三互补决定区（CDR－Ⅲ）的引物，dig-11-dUTP标记物，应用直接原位PCR技术检测Ⅲ-Ⅳ级恶性淋巴瘤的间期淋巴细胞，结果：在初诊的15例恶性淋巴瘤患中，12例检测到IgH基因重排；4例临床表现呈现淋巴瘤性白血病患，治疗后骨髓完全缓解，2例间期细胞原位PCR仍显示有IgH基因重排，6个月复发，结论：间期细胞原位PCR技术能敏感、准确地检测Ⅲ级以上的恶性淋巴瘤，并帮助预测复发，为一有效的基因诊断方法。     

后路治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的：探讨后路环椎管减压，椎弓根钉系统复位固定并植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效。方法：1996－2001年，环椎环椎管减压，结合具有钉杆角的椎弓根钉系统复位固定，并横突及小关节突间植骨或椎间植骨治疗128例病人，从伤椎椎体前后缘高度恢复，Cobb角矫正度及神经功能恢复情况评价疗效。结果：128例病人脊髓神经损害无加重，神经功能有不同程度恢复；伤椎高度恢复理想，Cobb角明显减少，植骨融合成功108例（占84．4％），术后部分病例出现伤椎复位度丢失现象。结论：后路环椎管减压内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折效果好，应重视植骨融合以获得良好稳定性。     

Detailed mapping of CGRP mRNA expression in the rat central nervous system: Comparison with previous immunocytochemical findings

The localization of CGRP mRNA in neurons of the rat brain and spinal cord was assessed by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) using a radiolabeled synthetic 57-mer oiigodeoxynucleotide probe complementary to the rat prepro CGRP mRNA. Results were compared with previously published findings of CGRP-immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) cell bodies revealed by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The highest numbers of CGRP mRNA expressing neurons as well as the greatest intensity of staining were found in the lateral hypothalamic area, the parabrachial nuclei, and among the cranial motor nuclei, especially in the nuclei of the 7th and 12th nerve and the ambiguus nucleus, which is generally in good agreement with findings assessed by immunocytochemistry (ICH). However, some mismatches between the localizaton of the peptide by ICH and the localization of the CGRP mRNA were also observed. Thus, ISH was not able to confirm CGRP-IR in cells of the amygdaloid complex and parts of the medial hypothalamus, the central gray, and the inferior colliculus, but ISH revealed considerably more CGRP mRNA expressing cells in the lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, posterior and peripeduncular thalamic nuclei, and all cranial motor nuclei than CGRP-IR containing cells found by ICH. Moreover, ISH also revealed CGRP mRNA synthesis in the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract and in the perihypoglossal nuclei that were devoid of CGRP-IR. The reasons for the observed mismatches still remain to be elucidated; however, intracerebroventricular colchicine pretreatment used to increase immunocytochemical signals also might have induced or suppressed gene expression in certain brain regions in an unpredictable matter. On the other hand, detection of only the mRNA in a certain region does not necessarily mean that also the active peptide is synthesized there.