晚发性维生素K缺乏症与维生素D缺乏症相关性探讨

【目的】　探讨晚发性维生素K(VK)缺乏症的血钙水平及与维生素D(VD)缺乏症的相关性。　【方法】　临床确诊的晚发性VK缺乏症所致颅内出血 (病变组 ) 43例 ,正常对照组 2 4例 ,测定血清钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶 (AKP) ,结果进行统计学分析。　【结果】　病变组血清钙 (1.76± 0 .2 9)mmol/L ,磷 (1.70± 0 .3 6)mmol/L ,AKP(3 0 8.98± 79.64 )U/L。对照组血清钙 (2 .19± 0 .2 6)mmol/L ,磷 (1.98± 0 .2 9)mmol/L ,AKP(2 2 5 .88± 3 7.87)U/L。差异有非常显著性意义(P <0 .0 1。　【结论】　晚发性VK缺乏症血清钙、磷明显降低 ,AKP明显升高 ,提示存在VD缺乏 ,血钙降低的原因与同时缺乏VD有关 ;晚发性VK缺乏症患儿血钙降低到一定程度发生惊厥时 ,可诱发或加重其颅内出血。因此 ,治疗时应注意适当补充VD与钙剂     

黄磷对大鼠肝微粒体和线粒体Ca^2＋泵的影响

在体外实验中,用不同浓度黄磷(0.026μg/ml,0.26μg/ml,2.60μg/ml)与大鼠肝微粒体和线粒体共同孵育,发现黄磷对肝微粒体和线粒体Ca~(2 )-ATP酶呈现抑制作用,且随剂量增大,抑制作用加重;在孵育的早期,对微粒体Ca~(2 )ATP酶的抑制更明显。在整体动物实验中,黄磷染毒后6小时,对肝微粒体和线粒体Ca~(2 )-ATP酶发生抑制。染毒后3小时,对肝微粒体~(45)Ca摄取发生抑制;染毒后6小时,对肝线粒体~(45)Ca摄取发生抑制。实验结果表明,黄磷对微粒体和线粒体Ca~(2 )泵机制的损害可能是引起中毒性肝损害的一个重要因素。     

放射性核素磷近距离治疗小儿皮肤血管瘤的近期疗效

目的:探讨放射性核素磷(32P)近距离治疗小儿皮肤血管瘤的临床疗效及辐射损伤。方法:173例小儿皮肤血管瘤患儿随机分为治疗组92例,对照组81例,采用32P敷贴器以不同的剂量、不同的治疗疗程行近距离治疗,观察其临床疗效及辐射损伤。结果:32P敷贴器放射性面密度的估算值与实测值误差为5.4%±0.9%;治疗组和对照组患者经32P治疗1个～4个疗程后病灶总治愈率均为100%;两组病例治疗后均出现皮肤辐射损伤,且与皮肤血管瘤病变的面积密切相关,治疗组的辐射损伤比对照组轻(P<0.05),皮肤血管瘤病变较厚者疗效较低,增加治疗疗程可提高疗效(P<0.05)。结论:多疗程、低剂量的32P近距离治疗小儿皮肤血管瘤可取得更佳的临床治疗效果。     

早产儿血清碱性磷酸酶、钙、磷的代谢特点

目的 了解早产儿碱性磷酸酶(Alp)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)的代谢特点,为合理补充Ca、P及预防代谢性骨病提供依据.方法 将120例早产儿作为观察组,60例同期出生的健康足月儿作为对照组,检测生后72h内血清Alp、Ca、P的含量.将现察组与对照组进行比较,在观察组内对不同性别、不同出生体质量、不同胎龄间早产儿进行比较.结果 ①观察组血清Alp、P的含量较对照组高(P均<0.01),血清Ca的含量较对照组低(P<0.05);②观察组内不同性别间早产儿血清Alp、Ca、P的舍量无统计学差异(P均>0.05),血清Alp、P的含量随出生体质量的增加而降低r=-0.83,r=-0.65,P均<0.01),而血清Ca的含量随出生体质量的增加而升高(r=0.67,P<0.05).血清Alp、P的含量与胎龄呈负相关(r=-0.80,r=-0.64,P均<0.01),而血清Ca的含量与胎龄呈正相关(r=0.52,P<0.01).结论 出生体质量和胎龄是影响早产儿血清Alp、Ca、P含量的重要因素,通过对早产儿血清Alp、Ca、P含量的检测,可以合理补充Ca、P及预防代谢性骨病.     

不同置换液量单次血液透析滤过治疗对血透患者血磷及甲状旁腺素的影响

目的观察不同置换液量单次血液透析滤过（HDF）治疗对血透患者血磷（P）及甲状旁腺素（PTH）的清除效果。方法间断行HDF治疗血透患者40例分成A、B两组,A组接受高置换液量后稀释HDF（置换液量20L）,B组接受低置换液量后稀释HDF（置换液量10L）,比较两组病人单次HDF治疗前后血P和PTH浓度的变化。结果两组病人行HDF后血P、PTH均有明显下降（P〈0．05）,A组对血P及PTH清除率分别为（40．30±6．81）％和（53．02±3．06）％;B组对血P及PTH清除率为（28．12±6．45）％和（32．17±2．05）％;A组清除效果更明显（P〈0．05）,差异有显著性。结论HDF能有效清除血透患者血P及PTH,增加置换液量可以提高其清除效果。     

氟中毒大鼠血清钙镁磷含量的变化

目的:探讨不同剂量氟对大鼠血清钙、镁、磷含量的影响。方法:给4组Wistar大鼠饲喂正常饲料,分别饮用含0、125、250、500 mg/L氟化钠去离子水溶液,复制慢性氟中毒大鼠模型;饲喂2个月时取血测定血清中钙、镁、磷的含量以及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力。结果:染氟组血清中钙、镁含量变化不明显,血清磷含量和ALP活力明显增加。结论:氟可能引起机体化学元素代谢紊乱。     

Pathophysiology of renal osteodystrophy

Renal osteodystrophy is a common complication of chronic Kidney disease, and abnormalities of bone metabolism are a reflection of broad-based disturbances in the control mechanisms for mineral metabolism. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a major contributor to the high turnover form of renal osteodystrophy. Detailed investigations over the past several decades have uncovered many of the mechanisms involved in the initiation and maintenance of secondary hyperparathyroidism and it is these mechanisms that provide the basis for therapeutic intervention to control this complication of chronic kidney disease. An additional form of renal osteodystropy is characterized by abnormally low bone turnover, which also is multi-factorial in origin. Again, an understanding of the mechanisms involved in abnormal bone and mineral homeostasis provide the basis for therapy. It is only with a through understanding of the mechanisms involved in the initiation and maintenance of these complications that rational approaches to treatment may be instituted.     

Sustainable method of phosphorus biowaste management to innovative biofertilizers: A solution for circular economy of the future

This paper presents the possibility of applying bacterial strains from the Bacillus group in the microbial solubilization of phosphorus-bearing waste materials. Fishbones, bones and ash from sewage sludge incineration were used as renewable phosphorus sources. Bacterial consortia in combinations of 1–4 strains were used for phosphate solubilization, including B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and B. cereus. Fishbones showed the highest degree of bioavailable phosphorus (20.5% of total content, of which 99.1% was bioavailable). The combination of two raw materials fishbone and sewage sludge ash (1:1) gave the best results of solubilization efficiency (over 70%) using a consortium containing 3 bacterial strains. A consortium consisting of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, the activity of which resulted in the highest phosphorus concentration in the culture medium, was selected for larger scale tests. The produced application batch of liquid biofertilizer contained 0.54% P₂O₅ and high levels of micronutrients including iron (0.16%). The biological effectiveness of biofertilizer was confirmed in plant studies, where strong root stimulation (up to 33%) and an increase in chlorophyll content (over 20%) were observed for seeds soaked in biofertilizer. This form of application is being recommended over plant nutrition with granular phosphorus fertilizers. Through the use of waste materials, the research conducted in this paper fits into the topic of sustainability.