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71.
在心室晚电位的研究中,我们引入了信号的时间一频率表示法,并根据晚电位的具体特性用Wigner分布法(维格纳分布)把信号表示为在时间及频率空间中的能量分布。由于Wigner分布的优异性质使我们有可能更准确表示出心室晚电位的存在。但当输入信号是两个信号的线性叠加时,Wigner分布的结果会出现一个交叉项,相当于引入干扰。针对此不足,作者介绍改进方案,消除部分交叉项,收到较好的效果,并给出一些仿真及应用实例。 相似文献
72.
Long time-constant EEG recording during paired stimuli has led to the discovery of the contingent negative variation or expectancy wave (Walter, 1964). This effect is produced when a conditional stimulus signals that an imperative stimulus demanding action, decision, or attention will follow at a short, constant time interval. Symbolic and meaningful stimuli were presented to subjects tachistoscopically, and the evoked responses in the brain were electronically averaged. The cerebral evoked responses to such psychological stimuli are more complex than to flashes. A slow negative DC potential shift (CNV) was seen during the interval between an auditory ready signal and the visual exposure if recognition of the stimulus was required, or if it was interesting. Following the visual exposure, a slow positive DC shift occurred. The method has been developed to study the brain responses to psychological stimuli. The amplitude of the responses relates to the information content and subjective factors rather than to the physical strength of the stimulus. 相似文献
73.
The productive activation of CD4(+) T lymphocytes, leading to proliferation and cytokine secretion, requires precise temporal regulation of intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations. The major effector molecule activated by cyclic AMP in mammalian cells is the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). The type I PKA isozyme mediates the inhibitory effects of cyclic AMP on T-cell activation. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that the regulation of PKA type I activity involves spatial redistribution of PKA type I molecules following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. In resting T cells, PKA type I was located in membrane proximal regions and distributed equally across the cell. Shortly after antigen engagement, T cells and antigen-presenting cells formed an area of intense contact, known as the immunological synapse. TCR concentrated at the synapse, whereas PKA type I molecules redistributed to the opposite cell pole within 10 min after T-cell stimulation. Type I PKA redistribution was solely dependent on TCR signalling, because we observed the same temporal and spatial distribution after antibody-mediated cross-linking of the TCR-associated CD3 complex. Segregation of TCR and PKA type I molecules was maintained for at least 20 min. Thirty minutes after stimulation, PKA type I partially colocalized with the TCR. After 60 min, PKA type I distribution again approached the resting state. Considering that initial TCR signals lead to increases in intracellular cyclic AMP, PKA type I molecules may be targeted towards localized cyclic AMP accumulations or transported away from these areas, depending on the requirements of the cellular response. 相似文献
74.
The paper studies a surface electromyogram (SEMG) decomposition technique suitable for identification of complete motor unit
(MU) firing patterns and their motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) during low-level isometric voluntary muscle contractions.
The algorithm was based on a correlation matrix of measurements, assumed unsynchronised (uncorrelated) MU firings, exhibited
a very low computational complexity and resolved the superimposition of MUAPs. A separation index was defined that identified
the time instants of an MU's activation and was eventually used for reconstruction of a complete MU innervation pulse train.
In contrast with other decomposition techniques, the proposed approach worked well also when the number of active MUs was
slightly underestimated, if the MU firing patterns partly overlapped and if the measurements were noisy. The results on synthetic
SEMG show 100% accuracy in the detection of innervation pulses down to a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB, and 93±4.6%
(mean± standard deviation) accuracy with 0 dB additive noise. In the case of real SEMG, recorded with an array of 61 electrodes
from biceps brachii of five subjects at 10% maximum voluntary contraction, seven active MUs with a mean firing rate of 14.1
Hz were identified on average. 相似文献
75.
软骨组织工程中力学因素的影响及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
力学因素是软骨组织工程中的重要影响因素之一。近年来的研究表明,力学作用可以刺激细胞因子及激素的分泌,改变三维支架上培养的软骨细胞的新陈代谢,从而促进软骨组织的生长与重建。目前已经有诸多关于体外构建软骨组织的报道,但对于其中的力学因素的影响(包括力学因素对软骨细胞增殖的促进及力学刺激的传导机制等)还没有完全认识。就以上几方面做一综述,并简单介绍生物反应器在软骨组织工程中的应用。 相似文献
76.
Straube E Knöfel B Schneider T Schubert S Wetzker R 《International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM》2000,290(1):65-73
Adhesion to and internalization into host cells is an essential step in the pathogenesis of various bacterial infections. Here we investigated the effects of growth factors on the internalization of Escherichia coli O18 strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) by human epithelial cells. A dramatic increase in the uptake of Escherichia coli was observed after treatment of epithelial cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and to a lower extent with insulin. EGF-dependent internalization can be suppressed by tyrosine kinase inhibitors suggesting an involvement of the receptor tyrosine kinases in the regulation of the endocytotic process. Inhibitors of phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase significantly decreased internalization of bacteria induced by EGF. Finally, the specific inhibitor of PI 3-kinases Wortmannin was shown to suppress completely the EGF-independent internalization. The data of this analysis indicate the involvement of several signaling paths in bacterial internalization of uropathogenic Escherichia coli O18 strains and contribute to the comprehension of the pathogenesis of recurrent UTI. 相似文献
77.
Gaëlle Dzangué-Tchoupou Kuberaka Mariampillai Loïs Bolko Damien Amelin Wladimir Mauhin Aurélien Corneau Catherine Blanc Yves Allenbach Olivier Benveniste 《Autoimmunity reviews》2019,18(4):325-333
Background
Myositis is a heterogeneous group of muscular auto-immune diseases with clinical and pathological criteria that allow the classification of patients into different sub-groups. Inclusion body myositis is the most frequent myositis above fifty years of age. Diagnosing inclusion body myositis requires expertise and is challenging. Little is known concerning the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease in which conventional suppressive-immune therapies are inefficacious.Objectives
Our aim was to deepen our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in inclusion body myositis and identify specific biomarkers.Methods
Using a panel of thirty-six markers and mass cytometry, we performed deep immune profiling of peripheral blood cells from inclusion body myositis patients and healthy donors, divided into two cohorts: test and validation cohorts. Potential biomarkers were compared to myositis controls (anti-Jo1-, anti-3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase-, and anti-signal recognition particle-positive patients).Results
Unsupervised analyses revealed substantial changes only within CD8+ cells. We observed an increase in the frequency of CD8+ cells that expressed high levels of T-bet, and containing mainly both effector and terminally differentiated memory cells. The senescent marker CD57 was overexpressed in CD8+T-bet+ cells of inclusion body myositis patients. As expected, senescent CD8+T-bet+ CD57+ cells of both patients and healthy donors were CD28nullCD27nullCD127null. Surprisingly, non-senescent CD8+T-bet+ CD57- cells in inclusion body myositis patients expressed lower levels of CD28, CD27, and CD127, and expressed higher levels of CD38 and HLA-DR compared to healthy donors. Using classification and regression trees alongside receiver operating characteristics curves, we identified and validated a frequency of CD8+T-bet+ cells >51.5% as a diagnostic biomarker specific to inclusion body myositis, compared to myositis control patients, with a sensitivity of 94.4%, a specificity of 88.5%, and an area under the curve of 0.97.Conclusion
Using a panel of thirty-six markers by mass cytometry, we identify an activated cell population (CD8+T-bet+ CD57- CD28lowCD27lowCD127low CD38+ HLA-DR+) which could play a role in the physiopathology of inclusion body myositis, and identify CD8+T-bet+ cells as a predominant biomarker of this disease. 相似文献78.
Reduced protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) activity of CD45 on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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To disclose the mechanism of aberrant function of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in SLE, we focused on the catalytic function of CD45, and determined the CD45 PTPase activity in SLE patients. The sample population consisted of 32 SLE patients with different disease activity. PTPase activity of cell lysates immunoprecipitated by anti-CD45 MoAb was assayed against phosphotyrosine analogue PNPP, followed by measuring the release of para-nitro phenol at 410 nm. CD45 PTPase activity of PBL was significantly decreased in SLE patients, compared with that of normal controls and patients with systemic sclerosis (964 ± 265, 1202 ± 172, 1210 ± 125, respectively; SLE versus normal, P < 0.05). It was correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (r = 0.597, P = 0.0006), but not with the dose of prednisolone (r = 0.214, P = 0.2657), indicating that CD45 PTPase activity became reduced when the disease was active, but it was not affected by prednisolone. Moreover, it was not corrected by in vitro culture with or without stimulation. The expression of CD45 on PBL was comparable between normal and SLE, raising a possibility that it may be due to aberrant regulation of catalytic function of CD45 in SLE. Given the evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases is one of the key biochemical events in the signal transduction pathway, the decreased CD45 PTPase activity in SLE may account for the defective signal transduction via TCR/CD3, leading to dysregulated effector function of the lymphocytes. 相似文献
79.
The asymmetry of the spectral distribution of ultrasonic Doppler flow velocity signals, assessed using the coefficient of
skewness, is discussed as a criterion of stenosis differentiation. Its performance is compared with that of the index of turbulence
intensity for both in vitro and in vivo flow Doppler signals, recorded distal to a stenosis. The power spectral distributions
are computed using the direct Fourier transform and maximum likelihood method. The asymmetry of spectral distribution has
proved to be a more efficient criterion than the turbulence intensity. The maximum likelihood method ensures better stenosis
differentiation than the direct FFT method. 相似文献
80.
Mansy HA Hoxie SJ Patel NH Sandler RH 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》2005,43(1):56-62
Vascular access for renal dialysis is a lifeline for about 120 000 individuals in the United States. Stethoscope auscultation
of vascular sounds has some utility in the assessment of access patency, yet can be highly skill-dependent. The objective
of the study was to identify acoustic parameters that are related to changes in vascular access patency. The underlying hypothesis
is that stenoses of haemodialysis access vessels or grafts cause vascular sound changes that are detectable using computerised
data acquisition and analysis. Eleven patients participated in the study. Their vascular sounds were recorded before and after
angiography, which was accompanied by angioplasty in most patients. The sounds were acquired using two electronic stethoscopes
and then digitised and analysed on a personal computer. Vessel stenosis changes were found to be associated with changes in
acoustic amplitude and/or spectral energy distribution. Certain acoustic parameters correlated well (correlation coefficient=0.98,
p<0.0001) with the change in the degree of stenosis, suggesting that stenosis severity may be predictable from these parameters.
Parameters also appeared to be sensitive to modest diameter changes (>20%), (p<0.005, Wilcoxon rank sum test). These results
suggest that computerised analysis of vascular sounds may be useful in vessel patency surveillance. Further testing using
longitudinal studies may be warranted. 相似文献