STANDARDIZED CLINICAL PATHWAYS FOR ESOPHAGECTOMY ARE NOT A REALITY IN BRAZIL,EVEN WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND ACHALASIA

Background:

The adoption of standardized protocols and specialized multidisciplinary teams for esophagectomy involve changes in routines with the implantation of expensive clinical practices and deviations from ingrained treatment philosophies.

Aim:

To evaluate the prevalence of standardized protocols and specialized multidisciplinary teams in São Paulo state, Brazil.

Methods:

Institutions that routinely perform esophagectomies in São Paulo were contacted and questioned about the work team involved in the procedure and the presence of standardized routines in the preoperatory care.

Results:

Fifteen centers answered the questionnaire: 10 (67%) public institutions and five (33%) private. There were seven (47%) medical schools, six (40%) with a residency program and two (13%) nonacademic institutions. The mean number of esophagectomies per year was 23. There was a multidisciplinary pre-operative team in nine (60%). There was a multidisciplinary postoperative team in 11 (73%). Early mobilization protocol was adopted in 12 (80%) institutions, early feeding in 13 (87%), routinely epidural in seven (47%), analgesia protocol in seven (47%), hydric restriction in six (40%), early extubation in six (40%), standardized hospitalization time in four (27%) and standardized intensive care time in two (13%).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of standardized protocols and specialized teams is very low in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The presence of specialized surgeons is a reality and standardized protocols related directly to surgeons have higher frequency than those related to other professionals in the multidisciplinary team.     

Factors associated with moderate or severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation within 30 days of repair of incomplete atrioventricular septal defect

Introduction

Left atrioventricular valve regurgitation is the most concerning residual lesion after surgical correction of atrioventricular septal defect.

Objective

To determine factors associated with moderate or greater left atrioventricular valve regurgitation within 30 days of surgical repair of incomplete atrioventricular septal defect.

Methods

We assessed the results of 51 consecutive patients 14 years-old and younger presenting with incomplete atrioventricular septal defect that were operated on at our practice between 2002 and 2010. The following variables were considered: age, weight, absence of Down syndrome, grade of preoperative left atrioventricular valve regurgitation, abnormalities on the left atrioventricular valve and the use of annuloplasty. The median age was 4.1 years; the median weight was 13.4 Kg; 37.2% had Down syndrome. At the time of preoperative evaluation, there were 23 cases with moderate or greater left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (45.1%). Abnormalities on the left atrioventricular valve were found in 17.6%; annuloplasty was performed in 21.6%.

Results

At the time of postoperative evaluation, there were 12 cases with moderate or greater left atrioventricular valve regurgitation (23.5%). The variation between pre- and postoperative grades of left atrioventricular valve regurgitation of patients with atrioventricular valve malformation did not reach significance (P=0.26), unlike patients without such abnormalities (P=0.016). During univariate analysis, only absence of Down syndrome was statistically significant (P=0.02). However, after a multivariate analysis, none of the factors reached significance.

Conclusion

None of the factors studied was determinant of a moderate or greater left atrioventricular valve regurgitation within the first 30 days of repair of incomplete atrioventricular septal defect in the sample. Patients without abnormalities on the left atrioventricular valve benefit more of the operation.     

快速流程模式下肝切除患者围手术期不同营养支持的比较

目的：比较快速流程（FT）模式下肝切除患者围手术期不同营养支持方法的疗效。
　　方法：将104例拟行肝切除患者随机均分为2组,分别接受肠内营养（EN）与肠外营养（PN组）,所有患者均采用FT围手术期处理。比较两组患者手术前后体质量（WT）、血红蛋白（HB）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）及总淋巴细胞计数（TLC）变化,以及术后肛门排气排便时间、住院天数、消化道不良反应和并发症发生率。
　　结果：PN组术后7d各项营养指标较术前3d均明显降低,而EN组内只有TP及ALB较术前降低,但降幅均明显小于PN组（均P<0.05）;EN组术后肛门排气排便时间较PN组明显提前,术后不良反应发生率低于PN组（均P<0.05）;两组术后住院时间及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。
　　结论：FT模式下肝切除患者围手术期应用EN支持有利于改善营养状况及免疫功能,促进术后康复。     

107例双瓣置换手术临床分析

目的：回顾分析107例双瓣置换手术围手术期资料,探讨双瓣置换的围手术期临床特点。方法：手术在体外循环,中度低温情况下进行,其中保留二尖瓣及瓣下结构98例,左房折叠10例,二尖瓣成形82例,同时行冠脉旁路移植术（CABG）5例。结果：105例患者康复出院,死亡2例,死因分别是低心排综合症及恶性心律失常。结论：双瓣膜置换是治疗瓣膜病变的有效手段,适当的手术时机,不断改进和提高体外循环技术,手术技巧,尽量保留瓣下结构,可降低手术风险,提高疗效。     

食管癌患者围术期疾病不确定感和焦虑水平的关系分析

目的：探讨食管癌患者围术期疾病不确定感、焦虑状况以及疾病不确定感与焦虑两者之间的相关性。方法选取2012年3月—2013年9月行食管癌切除术的患者90例为研究对象,采用疾病不确定感量表和住院患者焦虑自评量表对其进行问卷调查。结果食管癌患者围术期对疾病的不确定感评分处于中等水平,术前、手术日及术后3 d疾病不确定感的总分分别为(108.43±13.51),(106.89±11.97),(98.57±12.48)分;患者的年龄、性别及文化水平对疾病不确定感总分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);焦虑得分为(70.48±16.92)分;其疾病不确定感中的不明确性(r=0.401,P<0.05)、复杂性(r=0.217,P<0.05)、不连贯性(r=0.634,P<0.05)、疾病不确定感总分为(r=0.352,P<0.05)与焦虑呈正相关,而不可预测性与焦虑不相关(r=0.142,P>0.05)。结论食管癌患者围术期存在较高程度的疾病不确定感和焦虑情绪,且两者之间存在正相关。护理人员采取有效措施干预患者疾病不确定感可改善患者焦虑的情绪状态,提高护理质量。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后并发围术期心肌梗死患者的临床特征

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后围术期并发心肌梗死(PMI)患者的发生原因及临床特征。方法将PMI患者44例与同期行PCI的213例冠心病患者对比分析。结果①PMI患者合并糖尿病者较多(36.4%和27.2%,P=0.016);血清总胆固醇[(5.69±1.73)mmol/L和(4.47±1.61)mmol/L,P=0.041]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(3.17±1.15)mmol/L和(2.67±0.98)mmol/L,P=0.032]较高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(0.41±0.08)mmol/L和(0.53±0.24)mmol/L,P=0.049]较低;冠脉病变积分较高(12.75±5.61和8.96±3.68,P=0.027)、左主干(9.1%和4.2%,P=0.001)和多支病变(63.6%和41.8%,P=0.002)均多于非PMI组。②两组患者PCI成功率(95.5%和94.8%,P=0.523)相当,PMI并发边支闭塞(11.4%和3.8%,P=0.001)和慢(无)血流者(34.1%和13.1%,P=0.001)较多;球囊扩张时间长[(15.4±5.9)s和(8.7±2.4)s,P=0.026]、次数多(3.1±1.2和1.5±0.6,P=0.003),扩张压力无差别[(114.2±26.3)kPa和(98.0±35.4)kPa,P=0.752];支架置入较多(2.8±1.1和1.3±0.4,P=0.037)和X线曝光时间较长[(102.3±14.5)min和(67.9±23.4)min,P=0.002]。结论PMI患者在术前多具有高血糖、高血脂的危险因素,冠脉病变复杂、高危,术中多次、长时间扩张病变和并发边支闭塞及慢(无)血流是其发生PMI的主要原因。