直肠癌术中保留盆腔自主神经对男性排尿及性功能的影响

目的探讨直肠癌根治术中保留盆腔自主神经（PANP）对男性排尿及性功能的影响。方法以问卷彤式调查48例直肠癌患者PANP手术和24例非PANP手术前、后的排尿功能和性功能，比较分析行直肠癌根治术的PANP组和非PANP组患者术后排尿和性功能指标及直肠癌的局部复发率。结果PANP组患者术后排尿及性功能部分指标优于对照组（P〈0．05），两组术后局部癌肿复发率比较尤显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论直肠癌患者根治术中实施PANP，既不增加局部癌肿复发率，还可以改善患者的排尿和性功能，提高患者的生存质量。     

Malignant schwannoma in the posterior tibial nerve

Our group have studied a patient affected by a malignant schwannoma in the posterior tibial nerve. Schwannomas are uncommon neoplasms that originate from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves: the most common forms are benign. Malignant transformation is rarer. The therapy is surgical and the operation undertaken, if possible, should be the amputation. Alternatively, where amputation is not possible due to the specific localisation or due to patient refusal, the alternative must be the largest and most radical excision possible.     

臂丛神经卡压综合征的诊治

目的探讨位于臂丛神经及其前中斜角肌周围的神经卡压综合征的特点及其诊治方法。方法2003年7月～2006年1月,采用门诊收集病例,根据病情轻重分组,分别采用药物、局部封闭及手术方法治疗179例确诊为臂丛神经和(或)其属支卡压综合征的患者。其中采用药物、手法治疗89例；注射治疗74例,其中需要第二次注射32例；手术治疗16例,同时或分别进行双侧手术2例,需要第二次手术者1例。结果128例患者得到1个月～2年5个月随访。其中,药物手法治疗55例,症状均有不同程度改善或能维持现状。局部注射治疗58例(其中接受第二次注射者24例),2例出现心跳减缓,其余病例无并发症发生,VAS评分情况：1分2例,2分16例,3分20例,4分12例,5分3例,6分3例,7分2例；第二次注射结果：2分5例,3分16例,4分3例。手术治疗15例,其中10例术后症状得到明显改善,恢复工作。结论臂丛神经及其属支涉及其周围众多神经,可产生众多症状；明确病因后,治疗上以保守治疗为主,效果欠佳者采用手术治疗,均可取得较好疗效。     

Immunohistochemical analysis of TrkA neurotrophin receptor expression in human non-neuronal carcinomas

The Trk family of tyrosine protein kinase receptors plays a significant role in the development and maintenance of neural tissues. It has been recently shown that Trk receptors are also expressed by a wide range of normal non-neuronal tissues in humans in a cell type-specific manner. In the present study, the expression patterns of TrkA in 337 non-neuronal invasive carcinomas of 15 different human tissues were investigated immunohistochemically. Overall, 133 (39%), 101 (30%) and 103 (31%) tumors exhibited strong, moderate and no TrkA Immunoreactivity, respectively. Esophageal and thyroid carcinomas expressed high levels of TrkA, whereas the levels in gastric and colon cancers were low. TrkA expression was detected not only in carcinomas originating from TrkA-positive normal counterpart tissues, Including the esophagus, breast, lung and uterus, but also in those from TrkA-negative tissues/cells of the thyroid, liver and ovary. Immunostaining for nerve growth factor-β, the specific ligand for TrkA, in esophageal and breast carcinomas demonstrated its immunoreactivity in stromal fibroblasts and some TrkA-expressing tumor cells. These results suggest that paracrine/autocrine regulation via stromal/tumoral NGF-tumoral TrkA interaction may be involved In the growth of certain non-neuronal carcinomas.     

带隐神经交腿随意皮瓣修复足底皮肤缺损

目的 报道用带隐神经的小腿内侧带蒂随意皮瓣修复对侧足底皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法 在健侧小腿内侧隐神经走行区设计皮瓣，将隐神经保留在皮瓣中央，根据患足创面大小切取皮瓣，带深筋膜，蒂保留在胫前侧，将皮瓣缝合于患足的创面，皮瓣中的隐神经与患足足底内侧皮神经吻合，双下肢固定3周后断蒂。1997～2001年，临床应用13例。结果 用该皮瓣修复13例足底皮肤缺损均获得成功，皮瓣外形良好，术后6～12个月恢复感觉，无再破溃发生。结论 带隐神经交腿随意皮瓣切取简单，厚薄适度，不损伤知名血管，术后带感觉神经可恢复皮瓣的感觉，有效防止皮瓣再破溃。是修复足底皮肤缺损的较好方法。     

Stereoselectivity of actions of the calcium sensitizer [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264

The thiadiazinone derivative [+]-EMD 60263 ((+)-5-(1-(α-ethylimino-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinoline-6-yl)-6-methyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,3,4 -thiadiazine-2-on) is a Ca²⁺-sensitizing agent with only minor phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. Our aim was to characterize the inotropic and electrophysiological effects of [+]-EMD 60263 and its enantiomer [-]-EMD 60264 in several cardiac muscle preparations. The Ca²⁺-sensitizing activity resided in the [+]-enantiomer only. [+]-EMD 60263 (3 μM) shifted the EC₅₀ of Ca²⁺ for contractile activation of skinned fibers of pig heart from 2.41 μM to 0.73 μM, whereas [-]-EMD 60264 (30 μM) was ineffective. In Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 induced concentration-dependent positive and negative inotropic effects, respectively; both enantiomers reduced spontaneous heart rate but did not influence perfusion pressure. The maximum increase in force of human atrial trabeculae was 35 % of pre-drug control with [+]-EMD 60263 in comparison to 113 % with forskolin. In guinea-pig papillary muscles, [+]-EMD 60263 and [-]-EMD 60264 had opposite inotropic responses, however, both agents similarly prolonged action potential duration. Both enantiomers concentration-dependently blocked the rapidly activating component I_Kr of the delayed rectifier in guinea-pig myocytes. The block saturated at potentials positive to +30 mV, closely resembling the effects of the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 which had been originally used to define I_Kr. It is concluded, that the positive inotropic action of [+]-EMD 60263 can be explained by prevalence of the Ca²⁺-sensitizing effect. The accompanying prolongation in action potential duration is caused by block of the I_Kr component of the delayed rectifier. While the inotropic effects are stereoselective, most of the electrophysiological actions are clearly independent of sterical configuration. The combination of Ca²⁺-sensitizing with class-III antiarrhythmic action may provide an interesting pharmacological profile of potential therapeutic use. Received: 7 January 1997 / Accepted: 25 February 1997     

人睫状神经营养因子结构和功能的研究

制备高活性的重组人睫状神经营养因子，并研究其生物学功能。方法：应用大肠杆菌表达ｈＣＮＴＦ，用片段插入和法研究其结构与功能关系；切断大鼠骨神经，局部及皮下给予ＣＮＴＦ，应用辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪技术显示再生轴突通过修复部位的胞体。结果；ｈＣＮＴＦ分子中α－螺旋结构的维持对其生物活性十分重要Ｃ端松散地其生物活性贡献不大，Ｄ螺旋中后段可能与生物活性有密切关系；     

艾司洛尔预注射对预防颈丛阻滞后心血管副反应的观察

颈丛阻滞常可引起心率增快 ,血压增高 ,被认为是颈动脉窦及迷走神经被阻滞 ,交感神经活性增强所致 [1 ]。我们采用艾司洛尔预注射的方法 ,抑制颈丛阻滞后的心血管副反应 ,取得了良好的效果 ,现介绍如下。1　临床资料和方法1.1　一般资料　选择 ASA I～ 级 ,择期行甲状腺瘤或囊     

颈丛阻滞、硬膜外阻滞下甲状腺手术应激反应的比较

目的 :比较颈丛阻滞、硬膜外阻滞下甲状腺手术应激反应的大小。方法 :选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,女性 ,甲状腺手术患者 30例 ,年龄 2 2～ 5 5岁 ,术前无呼吸、循环和内分泌疾病 ,随机分为颈丛阻滞组 (颈丛组 ) 15例 ,硬膜外阻滞组(硬膜外组 ) 15例 ;颈丛阻滞选用 0 .8%利多卡因和 0 .2 5 %布比卡因混合液 ,以C4一点法行双侧深浅丛阻滞 ;硬膜外阻滞选用 1.3%利多卡因和 0 .15 %丁卡因混合液 ,穿刺点选择C4～ 5或C5～ 6间隙 ,采用侧卧位直入法 ,并向头置管 3cm ;分别测定并记录麻醉前、麻醉后 2 0min、切皮、分上极、切腺体和术毕共六个时点的血糖、血压和心率的变化。结果 :两组病例各时点血糖均逐步上升 ,于分上极、切腺体和术毕血糖值与麻醉前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;硬膜外组只在分上极时SBP与麻醉前比较有差异外 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而颈丛组在分上极、切腺体时DBP与麻醉前比较有差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SBP、MAP与麻醉前比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :本研究表明颈丛阻滞、硬膜外阻滞均不能完全抑制甲状腺手术的应激反应 ,在稳定甲状腺手术循环功能方面硬膜外阻滞优于颈丛阻滞     

应用射频技术阻断神经纤维的研究

目的　探讨应用射频技术行选择性脊神经后根切断术和验证其阻断神经纤维的可行性。方法　将 4 5只大鼠随机分成 3组 ,以实验确定的射频技术、苯酚注射、切断 3种方法阻断其坐骨神经 ,对阻断前和阻断后不同时间内坐骨神经功能进行评价 ,评价方法采用坐骨神经功能指数和神经组织形态学的轴突通过率。结果　射频组、切断组 2组大鼠的坐骨神经功能指数、轴突通过率差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而苯酚注射组的上述指标与前述 2组差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　直视下应用射频阻断神经 ,可以取得与切断神经相同的效果