Myocutaneous flaps in head and neck reconstruction

Summary Our experience with two reliable myocutaneous flaps, the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, is described with emphasis on their indication, anatomy and clinical application.     

The factors which determine the viability of a triangular skin flap

The factors which determine the viability of a triangular skin flap Experiments were undertaken on pigs to compare the survival of triangular flaps with rectangular flaps and to study the effect of the size of the apical angle on the survival of triangular flaps. Triangular random flaps survived to the same length as rectangular flaps of the same size of base, and its appears that length to breadth ratio is an important factor in determining the survival of a rectangular flap. Flaps with an apical of 60^o undergo necrosis if their length exceeds the safe surviving length for the size of the base of the flap, whereas flaps with an apical angle of 30⁰ survive if their length is within the surviving length for flaps of that size of base. The main effect of the apical angle may thus be to determine the length to breadth ratio.     

Herpes simplex keratitis

This article reviews the current concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of Herpes simplex keratitis and its complications, discussing characteristics of the virus, the prevalence of the disease, chemical and clinical differentiation between Types I and II Herpesvirus hominis, and the many clinical presentations of Type I disease. The antiviral agents commonly in use are reviewed, covering the historical development of the drugs, indications for their use and the associated toxic and untoward reactions. An outline for the medical treatment of the different forms of Herpes simplex keratitis is given, as well as the indications for surgical intervention in the treatment of the disease. The surgical complications and results following keratoplasty are discussed.     

Pedicle Myocutaneous Flaps for Reconstruction Following Total Pelvic Exenteration of Intrapelvic Recurrent Rectal Cancer: Report of a Case

A vast metastatic tumor mass of recurrent rectal carcinoma in the intrapelvic organs is commonly considered unsuitable for total pelvic exenteration (TPE); first, because it is unlikely that it would improve the prognosis and health-related quality of life of the patient, and second, because of the difficulties involved in this surgical technique. However, by using a plastic surgery technique involving reconstruction by filling the pelvic dead space with pedicle myocutaneous flaps (PMF), primary wound closure and extensive resection of the perineum can be achieved, whereby postoperative metastasis may be prevented. We report herein the case of a 71-year-old man found to have local recurrence in the perineum with extensive invasion of the soft tissue as well as adjacent organs, 20 months after abdominal perineal resection for rectal carcinoma. TPE with extensive resection of the perineal soft tissue was performed, followed by perineal reconstruction and packing of the pelvic dead space with PMF, mainly constructed from the gracilis and sartorius muscles of both femurs. His postoperative course was uneventful and he has remained free of local recurrence and symptomatic perineal complaints for 1 year. In this report, we examine the effectiveness of using the gracilis muscle for PMF in intrapelvic and perineal reconstruction after TPE. Received: March 8, 2000 / Accepted: September 26, 2000     

足底内侧岛状皮瓣在足跟皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的:探讨足底内侧动脉深支为蒂皮瓣修复足跟软组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法:应用4 cm×5 cm~10 cm×8 cm足底内侧动脉深支为蒂皮瓣修复7例外伤或烧伤患者足跟软组织缺损,足底供瓣区采用游离植皮,一期完成手术观察其临床效果。结果:7例移植皮瓣后均一期成活,皮瓣痛、温、触觉正常。结论:足底内侧动脉深支皮瓣修复足跟软组织缺损手术简单,疗效显著,无任何并发症,是一种较好的治疗方法。     

面动脉逆行岛状颊肌粘膜瓣的临床应用

目的：探讨应用面动脉逆行岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复口腔、鼻腔和眶区粘膜缺损的可行性。方法：对6例口、鼻腔和眶区粘膜缺损患者应用面动脉逆行岛状颊肌粘膜瓣修复。该瓣是以面动脉的远心端为血管蒂,通过前颊支和颊肌表面及其内部的血管网供血,在动脉周围包绕适量的软组织以利静脉回流,可通过皮下隧道转移到眶区或鼻腔,通过牙槽嵴裂隙转移到腭部。结果：6例患者术后肌粘膜瓣完全成活,效果满意,无血肿、感染、腮腺导管损伤、面神经损伤和开口功能障碍等。结论：面动脉逆行岛状颊肌粘膜瓣血运好,转移灵活,可以解决常规方法难以修复的口腔前部、鼻腔、眶区粘膜缺损。     

喉癌喉部分切除术后喉狭窄Ⅱ期喉重建术临床评价

目的使喉部分切除和扩大喉部分切除术后长期带管者去除气管套管,恢复喉的发音、呼吸、吞咽防护功能和正常颈部外观.方法对19例喉癌喉部分切除术后喉狭窄患者,应用颈前双蒂转门肌皮瓣等方法进行Ⅱ期喉重建术,其中包括垂直喉切除Ⅱ期喉重建术6例(6/19),扩大垂直喉切除术11例(11/19),额侧喉切除术2例(2/19).应用颈前双蒂转门肌皮瓣修复17例,胸骨舌骨肌瓣修复1例,胸锁乳突肌和筋膜修复1例.结果 3、5年生存率分别为91.7%(11/12)和3/5.19例中去除气管套管16例(其中包括2例行2次Ⅱ期喉重建术).总的气管套管拔出率为84.2%(16/19),应用转门肌皮瓣修复组拔管率为94.1%(16/17),胸骨舌骨肌瓣和胸锁乳突肌瓣修复组均未能拔管(0/2),拔管困难3例.术后全部患者能够发音,语言交流无困难.其中语音响亮清晰者为94.7%(18/19),重度声音嘶哑者为5.3%(1/19).全部患者恢复正常进食,绝大多数患者进食无误咽,2例初期进流食出现轻度误咽,1～2周误咽克服,恢复正常经口进食.结论中、晚期喉癌选择性地施行功能保全性喉手术是可行的;应用转门肌皮瓣进行Ⅱ期喉重建术,可使喉部分切除术后长期带管者去除气管套管,重新获得经口鼻呼吸和满意的发音、吞咽防护功能效果.     

The temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction after head and neck oncologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explain the applications, technique, and potential complications of the temporalis muscle flap used for immediate or delayed reconstruction of head and neck oncologic defects. STUDY DESIGN: Fresh cadaver dissection and 5-year retrospective chart review. METHODS: A fresh cadaver dissection was performed to illustrate the surgical anatomy of the temporalis muscle flap with attention to specific techniques useful in avoiding donor site morbidity (facial nerve injury and temporal hollowing). A chart review was performed for 13 consecutive patients from the last 5 years who underwent temporalis muscle flap reconstruction after oncologic resection of the lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall, hard and soft palate, buccal space, retromolar trigone, and skull base. RESULTS: Patient follow-up ranged from 2 to 45 months. Nine patients had radiation therapy. There were no cases of flap loss. Resection of the zygomatic arch followed by wire fixation facilitates flap rotation and minimizes trauma to the flap during placement into the oropharynx. Preservation of the temporal fat pad attachment to the scalp flap decreases temporal hollowing and protects the facial nerve. Replacing the zygoma and preserving the anterior third of the temporalis muscle in situ further diminishes donor-site hollowing. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with other regional flaps, such as the pectoralis myocutaneous flap, the temporalis muscle flap is associated with low donor-site esthetic and functional morbidity and offers great flexibility in reconstruction. The temporalis muscle flap is a useful, reliable flap that belongs in the armamentarium of surgeons who are involved with reconstruction of head and neck tissue defects.     

带蒂包皮管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂21例疗效分析

目的: 探讨带蒂包皮管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的疗效。方法: 分析21例尿道下裂患者应用带蒂包皮管尿道成形术治疗的临床资料。结果: 一期手术成功16例,排尿通畅,阴茎外观接近正常;尿瘘3例,尿道外口狭窄1例,吻合口狭窄1例,经再次手术治愈。结论: 带蒂包皮管尿道成形术是治疗尿道下裂的一种较理想方法,具有取材方便、成功率高、并发症少、阴茎外观满意等优点。     

人体皮肤微血管构筑的三维可视化*

背景：常用的血管解剖学研究方法如逐层解剖、血管染色、造影摄片可以确定血管的位置、大至供血范围等,但难以显示皮肤微血管立体构筑。 目的：建立三维的皮肤微血管构筑模型,以评估和设计穿支皮瓣。 方法：选取2具新鲜成人尸体标本,以羧甲基纤维素明胶氧化铅灌注标识血管,CT扫描获取标本灌注前后及剥离皮肤序列图像数据,利用Mimics13.1软件进行皮肤微血管三维重建和穿支皮瓣设计。 结果与结论：实验成功重建了骨骼、血管、皮肤三维数字模型,并选择性设计了旋股外侧动脉皮瓣和旋肱后动脉的主要穿支皮瓣。构建的皮肤微血管模型不仅可显示皮穿支的长度管径、立体位置、走行方向、分布范围、毗邻关系,还可追踪其来源血管,与来源血管、骨骼、皮肤等搭配显示。说明皮肤微血管构筑可揭示穿支皮瓣的范围和扩张方向,有利于穿支皮瓣的设计发掘、血供评估。