大鼠腹壁下动脉穿支皮瓣动态血流观测模型的构建

目的 建立一个连续、动态观察血流变化的大鼠腹壁下动脉穿支(DIEP)皮瓣模型,为临床设计和切取DIEP皮瓣提供指导. 方法 选择7只雄性SD大鼠,设计以腹壁上血管的右上穿支为蒂的穿支皮瓣,用激光介导的吲哚菁绿荧光显影技术(SPY系统)对皮瓣形成前、后血流变化进行观测,对获得各个阶段皮瓣血流图像进行比较和分析. 结果 通过构建的大鼠DIEP皮瓣血流动态观测模型,能够清晰的观察到血流通过穿支血管供应区域间的交通血管的整个过程.跨腹中线交通血管稀疏,最终无法再通过对侧腹壁上穿支血管区域与胸外侧血管区域间开放的闭塞血管到达皮瓣最左侧端,而显示为无血流的暗区. 结论 跨越中线的交通动脉血管细小以及血供无法通过第二级穿支区域间的交通血管是造成对侧远端皮瓣坏死的主要原因.     

Cirugía reconstructiva de la región cigomática-medial de la mejilla: Presentación de 5 casos

The cheek is the largest anatomical subunit of the face. It is a bilateral structure and symmetry must therefore be preserved. Peripherally it is related to important natural orifices whose location must also be maintained during surgical reconstructions. This is particularly important in the medial zygomatic subunit, whose delicate junction with the lower eyelid means that care must be taken to avoid ectropion. We present 5 options for the reconstruction of surgical defects secondary to the excision of tumors in this region.     

Cosmetic closure of pilonidal sinus defects with bilateral transpositional adipofascial flaps

Abstract

The optimal treatment of the pilonidal sinus has not currently been defined. This study described the use of a modified bilateral transpositional adipofascial flap technique that effectively serves to flatten the deep natal cleft while keeping the scar limited to the intergluteal fold for good cosmesis. Between June 2007 and September 2011, 83 patients (61 men, 22 women) were included in the study. Duration of pilonidal sinus symptoms ranged from 1–15 (median 5) years; 15 patients had recurrent disease. Before the operation, perforating branches of the four pairs of lateral sacral arteries were identified with a Doppler audioscope. After complete excision of the sinus cavity and adequate undermining of the skin, bilateral adipofascial flaps were raised in order to realise a Yin-Yang pattern, with the lateral sacral artery perforators at the base of each flap. Complementary flaps were then transposed into the defect and inset to completely obliterate dead space. Skin was closed primarily in two layers. The median (range) defect size after total excision of the sinus cavity was 38 (19–60) cm². All flaps survived. There was no wound infection or dehiscense. Median (range) follow-up was 26 (6–52) months. No recurrences were observed. Extensive scarring or asymmetry in the gluteal prominences was not observed. Transient paraesthesia over the flap donor region occurred in 14 cases (16%) and resolved completely within 6 months. The bilateral adipofascial transpositional flap method is an alternative to previously described treatment options in pilonidal sinus surgery. It is a safe, reliable, and easily applicable method, which provides cosmetically acceptable coverage of pilonidal sinus defects of moderate size.     

趾腓侧皮瓣在拇指指腹缺损修饰性再造中的临床应用

目的：探讨应用趾腓侧皮瓣修饰性再造拇指指腹缺损的手术方法及操作技巧。方法：2009年1月至2014年1月,对22例22指拇指指腹缺损的患者,应用同侧趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植修饰性再造拇指指腹缺损,其中采用趾-指动脉和趾-指静脉吻合18例,跖背动脉-桡动脉深支和跖背静脉-手背静脉吻合4例,神经修复均为指-趾神经吻合,供区皮肤缺损采用同侧腹股沟全厚皮片游离移植。结果：术后22例趾腓侧皮瓣游离移植均获成功,伤口一期愈合,无皮瓣坏死。随访6～12个月（平均7．6个月）,皮瓣外形逼真,罗纹清晰,出汗、感觉恢复良好,两点分辨觉3．0～6．0 mm,平均4．2 mm。供区植皮完全成活,足部外形及功能无明显影响。结论：趾腓侧皮瓣是修饰性再造拇指指腹缺损的首选皮瓣,再造拇指指腹外形及功能接近正常。     

Are postoperative drains necessary with the limberg flap for treatment of pilonidal sinus?

PURPOSE: Different methods for managing pilonidal sinus have been described in the literature. Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of postoperative drainage in Limberg flaps. METHODS: Forty patients with pilonidal sinus undergoing radical excision and reconstruction with Limberg flap between 1994 and 1996 were evaluated prospectively. After patients were assigned randomly to the two groups, the effects of drains were studied statistically in terms of wound complications, hospital stay, and recurrence rate. RESULTS: Except for two minor transient wound dehiscences, in all cases primary healing was achieved. Early wound complication rate was 7.5 percent and recurrence rate was 2.5 percent for both groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in early wound complications (P>0.05). The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the drainage group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that Limberg flaps with no drains in place will result in shorter hospital stays without deleteriously affecting the surgical results of wide excision and primary closure with well-vascularized tissue.     

Ⅳ期褥疮综合治疗的方法与效果

 目的 探讨Ⅳ期褥疮的治疗方法与效果。方法 选取武警辽宁总队医院2015-01至2018-12收治的23例(34处创面)Ⅳ期褥疮患者,褥疮分布:骶尾部15处,股骨大转子部10处,坐骨结节6处,踝部3处。创面范围4 cm× 5 cm ~7 cm×12 cm。采用全身治疗、创面床准备、皮瓣或肌皮瓣以及术后处理等综合治疗。其中,6处创面采用局部皮瓣修复,臀大肌肌皮瓣8处,阔筋膜张肌肌皮瓣10处,臀上动脉穿支皮瓣5处,腓动脉穿支皮瓣3处,股后皮神经营养血管皮瓣2处。结果 23例全身营养状况明显改善,血糖和血压控制良好。肉芽组织红润,创面分泌物减少,创周无红肿。术后皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣术后12~14 d拆线,创面愈合,住院22~36 d,平均29 d。随访6~12个月,原手术部位无褥疮复发, 皮瓣供受区外形饱满。结论 采用综合方法治疗Ⅳ期褥疮能促进创面愈合,手术成功率高,疗效可靠。     

股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣修复臀股部IV期压疮疗效

目的　探讨应用股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣修复臀股部IV期压疮的可行性。 方法　2016年1月至2019年2月,本院手足创伤骨科收治9例臀股部IV期压疮患者,男3例,女6例,年龄26~68岁,平均46岁。截瘫原因：高处坠落伤4例,车祸伤3例,脑梗塞2例。清创后创面面积8 cm×5 cm~18 cm×9 cm。根据创面形状、大小及位置设计股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣修复压疮创面,皮瓣面积为10 cm×7 cm~20 cm×10 cm。 结果　所有皮瓣成活,其中2例术后局部渗液较多,经积极保守换药治疗后,皮瓣恢复良好。9例获得6~24月随访,平均13月,皮瓣色泽良好,质地柔软,不影响日常生活,压疮未见复发。 结论　股深动脉第1穿动脉穿支皮瓣操作简便,血供可靠,可供组织量较多,是修复臀股部IV期压疮的较好选择。     

数字化三维重建技术辅助腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的应用研究

目的探讨数字化三维重建技术在腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损中的应用价值。方法选取2018年1月至2019年10月就诊于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院口腔颌面外科拟行腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复的口腔癌患者12例,其中男性8例,女性4例;年龄(57.4±12.6)岁。其中鳞状细胞癌10例,腺样囊性癌1例,黏液表皮样癌1例。术前均行下腹部CT血管造影,并将数据导入AW4.7软件进行后处理,挑选左侧或右侧优势供区,明确皮瓣血供的起源、管径、走行及穿出点位置,利用数字化三维重建技术指导皮瓣术前设计。结果12例患者中采用腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复者11例,1例由于未发现腹壁浅动脉,术中转为旋髂浅动脉皮瓣修复。11例采用腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复的患者,其术前CT血管造影测量的腹壁浅动脉管径[(1.0±0.3)mm]与术中实际测量值[(1.1±0.3)mm]差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。1例术后发生静脉血管危象,其余皮瓣均顺利成活。随访6~12个月,平均10个月,供区受区均一期愈合,未出现明显并发症,腹部瘢痕隐蔽。结论在腹壁浅动脉皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损重建术中,术前采用数字化三维重建技术可客观反映腹壁浅动脉的管径及走行位置等信息,有效降低皮瓣手术难度和风险。