Free flap reconstruction in massive upper extremity burns

In massive burns, early excision and a free flap reconstruction is, in some cases, limb saving. From October 1979 to August 1993, eleven patients with massive burn injury in the upper extremity were treated using a free flap reconstruction. Eight cases were acute or subacute and three were late reconstructions. The following free flaps were used: rectus femoris microneurovascular musculocutaneous flap (2), latissimus dorsi flap (4), rectus abdominis flap (3), gluteal thigh flap (1), lateral arm flap (1), and serratus flap (1). The gluteal thigh flap was lost and it was later replaced by a rectus abdominis flap. In three cases successful reanastomosis was performed. Functional late reconstructions were performed in nine patients. In all eleven patients the limb was saved and functional recovery was satisfactory. We recommend that a free musculocutaneous or muscle flap is used, proximal to the wrist, if after careful excision of nonviable tissue, tendons, bone joint or major vessels are exposed. The rectus femoris musculocutaneous flap is a useful solution to restore extensor musculature of the forearm after extensive injury.     

腓骨复合组织皮瓣治疗胫骨大段骨缺损11例

我科自 1996年以来 ,采用带血管腓骨复合组织皮瓣移植Ⅰ期修复骨及软组织缺损 ,疗效满意 ,报告如下。1　临床资料　　 11例中男 9例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 14～ 4 2岁 ,病程 2 0d～ 2年。均因创伤或慢性感染致胫骨长节段骨缺损 ,并伴有不同程度皮肤软组织缺损或瘢痕挛缩及感染、骨外露。皮肤软组织缺损面积 4cm× 7cm～8cm× 17cm。移植腓骨骨段 11～ 2 2cm。2　手术方法　　采用椎管内麻醉或全身麻醉 ,手术分两组同时进行。一组取复合组织皮瓣 :依据受区创面大小、骨缺损长度于小腿外侧设计皮瓣。自深筋膜深面腓肠肌与比目鱼肌之间 ,将皮瓣向前掀…     

足背动脉跨区供血的足背及足底内侧联合皮瓣的解剖研究与临床应用

目的探讨应用同一血管蒂（足背动脉）跨供区（足背与足底内侧）联合皮瓣游离移植的可行性。方法对足背和足底内侧2个皮瓣进行解剖学研究。采用10只成人新鲜足标本分别从足背动脉（5只）、足底内侧动脉（5只）加压灌注碳素墨汁甲醛。在足底和足背不同部位取全层皮肤做脱水透明标本处理，在显微镜下对0．3-0．5mm厚铺片进行观察，以确定不同动脉的供血范围。设计以足背动脉供血的跨足背与足底内侧2个皮瓣供区的新皮瓣移植术式，并用来修复手部大面积皮肤缺损。结果足背皮瓣与足底内侧皮瓣存在丰富的交通血供区，从足背动脉灌注碳素墨汁甲醛，其分布范围除整个足背外，在足底分布如下：以足底中线纵轴为基线可及中线外侧（1．7±0．5）cm；以足底中线横轴为基线，上可及中线上（4．5±1．5）cm，下可及中线下（3．8±0．9）cm。从足底内侧动脉灌注碳素墨汁甲醛，其分布范围除整个足底内侧区域外，在足背区可及躅长伸肌外侧（0．6±0．5）cm。以足背动脉供血的跨区联合皮瓣血供丰富，临床应用12例全部成功。结论以足背动脉供血的跨区联合皮瓣切取面积大，血供可靠，可以用来修复手部大面积皮肤缺损。     

Principles for reconstruction of traumatic ear defects

Summary Traumatic defects of the auricle are quite common. The eventual success of the repair is considerably influenced by the initial treatment. The different parts of the auricle require different approaches. This paper presents our methods for repairing damage to the cartilaginous frame using autologous ear cartilage grafts, and local flaps from the mastoid region to cover soft tissue defects.     

CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF 74 REVASCULARIZED OSTEOMYOCUTANEOUS FLAP GRAFTS TO RECONSTRUCT THE MANDIBULAR DEFECTS

Vascularized osteomyocutaneous transplantation using the technique of microvascular anastomosis has shown many advantages. For the purpose of immediate reconstruction of composite defects of the mandible, 74 osteomyocutaneous flaps have been used in the last six years. They included 43 iliac osteomyocutaneous flaps pedicled to the deep circumflex iliac artery, 16 latissimus dorsi osteomyocutaneous flaps pedicled to the thoracodorsal artery and 15 pectoralis major asteomyocutaneous flaps pedicled to the acromiothoracic artery. The survival rate of the former was 90.7% (39/43), and the latter two 71% (22/31). The factors influencing the survivalrate of these osteomyocutaneous flaps have been analyzed; the complications of the recipient and donor sites have been presented; the long term results have been discussed. The authors conclude: mandibular reconstruction by using osteomyocutaneous flap grafts has the advantages of resistance to infection, fast bone healing and survival in a poorly vascularized recipient bed. The iliac osteomyocutaneous flap is better than the other two in survival ability.     

Anatomic basis of venous drainage in donor flaps

Summary The venous architecture in donor flaps was observed in 17 fresh cadavers by injection of latex or ink into the vessels or by making corrosion-cast specimens. The pattern of the veins resembles that of the arteries, with the difference that there is another set of venous trunks which do not accompany the arteries. Because these trunks are of larger caliber, they are the main drainage route for flaps. There are three types of drainage based on the anatomical architecture: 1) the superficial trunk is the main drainage path; 2) the deep trunk is the main path; 3) both superficial and deep veins are involved. These morphological considerations are the basis for selection of veins for anastomosis in microsurgery. The axial veins in temporal, frontal and facial flaps on the dorsum of the hand and the foot usually loosely accompany the axial arteries. The characteristics of these vascular pedicules should be studied in transplant operation.

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Bases anatomiques du drainage veineux des lambeaux cutanés libres

Résumé Le drainage veineux des lambeaux cutanés libres a été étudié sur 17 cadavres frais par injection de latex ou d'encre dans les vaisseaux, ou en réalisant des moulages par injection-corrosion. La distribution des veines ressemble à celle des artères à la différence près qu'il existe des troncs veineux qui n'accompagnent pas les artères. Ces troncs ont un calibre plus important et représentent une voie de drainage principale pour les lambeaux. On peut individualiser trois types de drainages basés sur l'architecture veineuse : 1. Le tronc superficiel est la principale voie de drainage ; 2. le tronc profond est la principale voie; 3. les veines superficielles et profondes sont impliquées simultanément. Ces considérations morphologiques sont les bases de la sélection des axes veineux pour les anastomoses en micro-chirurgie. Les veines axiales au niveau temporal, frontal et facial et pour les lambeaux de la face dorsale de la main et du pied sont habituellement relativement éloignées du trajet artériel. Les caractéristiques de ces pédicules veineux doivent être précisées pour la réalisation des lambeaux.

     

晚期喉癌扩大喉次全切除胸骨舌骨肌及筋膜喉成形的研究（附19例报告）

目的：探讨治疗晚期喉癌（T4）并能重建喉功能的手术方法。方法：对19例晚期喉癌患者行扩大喉次全切除术,并用胸骨舌骨肌及筋膜行喉成形术。结果：术后13例恢复全部喉功能,6例恢复部分喉功能,1、3、5年生存率为89.47%,68.42%,47.37%。结论：部分T4患者是可以施行喉次全切除术的,用胸骨舌骨肌及筋膜行喉成形术效果好,成功率高。