Comparative effectiveness study between negative pressure wound therapy and conventional wound dressing on perforator flap at the Chinese tertiary referral teaching hospital

Background

Perforator flap techniques with conventional wound dressing have being extensively used in the management of soft-tissue defects. However; the flap's survival rate is not always guaranteed and the wound healing time always long. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness use of a freshly transplanted perforator flap in conjunction with Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) for better clinical outcomes.

内眦动脉为蒂的角形穿支皮瓣的解剖基础与临床应用

目的 探讨应用内眦动脉角形穿支皮瓣修复中面部缺损的解剖学基础及临床应用效果.方法 ①对10具新鲜成人尸体行一次性动脉造影及螺旋CT扫描,数据以DICOM格式输入MIMICS图像工作站,进行三维可视化处理,观测内眦动脉穿支血管的分布规律等.②2012年7月至2014年7月,应用内眦动脉为蒂的角形穿支皮瓣修复中面部皮肤缺损创面21例,其中鳞状细胞癌10例,基底细胞癌9例,色素痣2例,切取的皮瓣面积1.5 cm×3.5 cm～2.5 cm×5.0 cm.结果 面动脉在口角外侧约1 cm处发出侧鼻动脉,后向内眦延续为内眦动脉,角动脉与鼻背动脉、眶下动脉有丰富的吻合支.临床应用内眦动脉为蒂的角形穿支皮瓣修复21例缺损均成活,供、受区创面愈合良好,经1个月至2年随访,色泽、质地、外形恢复较好.结论 内眦动脉角形穿支皮瓣,设计灵活、简便,血供可靠,切口隐蔽,供区可直接拉拢缝合,是修复中面部缺损的一种较好的方法.     

以手部皮神经伴行血管为蒂的岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的应用手部皮神经伴行血管蒂岛状皮瓣修复手指指背软组织缺损。方法采用手部桡神经浅支、尺神经手背支伴行血管蒂的岛状皮瓣，即拇指桡、尺侧皮神经伴行血管岛状皮瓣修复拇指；第一掌背皮神经伴行血管岛状皮瓣修复示指；第三、四掌背皮神经伴行血管岛状皮瓣修复中、环指；小指尺背侧皮神经伴行血管岛状皮瓣修复小指。共５种１５块，修复指部皮肤缺损１５例。皮瓣切取的最大面积达５ｃｍ×３ｃｍ。结果１５例皮瓣全部成活，效果满意。结论该类皮瓣血供可靠，创伤小，操作简单。特别适用于一期修复伴有伸肌腱缺损的指背创面     

指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指腹缺损

目的报道应用吻合指固有神经掌皮支的指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指腹缺损的临床效果。方法对15例16指末节指腹缺损的患者,应用吻合指固有神经掌皮支的指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复,皮瓣切取面积为1.8cm×2.1cm~3.1cm×3.6cm。结果15例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访6个月~2年,伤指外形与正常指相近,指腹饱满而不臃肿,质地柔软,有排汗功能,两点分辨觉在5~7mm以内。结论应用吻合指固有神经掌皮支的指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣,术后效果好,供区损伤小,是修复末节指腹缺损较理想的手术方法。     

大面积头皮缺损及颅骨外露的显微外科修复

目的　探讨大面积头皮缺损及颅骨外露修复的手术方法的选择。　方法　自 1986年以来 ,共收治大面积头皮缺损及颅骨外露 3 6例 ,应用逆流颞顶筋膜瓣结合中厚皮片移植、下斜方肌肌皮瓣移植修复及轴型头皮瓣结合皮片移植修复 ,创面最大 2 6cm× 2 4cm ,颅骨外露最大面积 2 2cm× 18cm。　结果　共切取皮瓣、筋膜瓣及肌皮瓣 3 4块 ,其中 1例局部头皮瓣因缝合有张力 ,边缘裂开 ,换药后再次用局部小皮瓣修复痊愈。 1例下斜方肌肌皮瓣远端 4cm表皮坏死 ,行补充植皮治疗后愈合 ,其余皮瓣均完全成活 ,术后经半年～ 1年随访 ,效果满意。　结论　逆流颞顶筋膜瓣是头皮肿瘤切除后顶额部骨外露修复的有效方法之一 ;下斜方肌肌皮瓣则是修复全头皮撕脱大面积颅骨外露较为理想的方法。     

内镜深筋膜下穿通静脉离断联合腔内激光治疗下肢静脉曲张

目的: 探讨内镜深筋膜下穿通静脉离断术（subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery, SEPS）联合腔内激光治疗（endovenous laser treatment,EVLT）术治疗下肢静脉曲张的可行性。方法: 2016年8月至2017年10月,静脉顺行造影诊断下肢穿通静脉瓣膜功能不全患肢81条,选择40条患肢行SEPS术,联合EVLT术闭合浅表曲张静脉,保留健康大隐静脉作为研究组;41条患肢作为对照组,行传统大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥术。结果: 研究组曲张静脉团块消失,下肢静脉血淤滞得到缓解,色素沉着减轻,溃疡愈合,随访5~11个月无复发。研究组手术时间少于对照组（1.1 h比3.0 h）,切口数也少于对照组（2.1个比5.8个）,住院时间缩短（1.1 d比3.9 d）,下肢淤斑面积减少（5.2 cm³比20.3 cm³）,差异均有显著统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论: SEPS联合EVLT术适合个体化微创治疗下肢静脉曲张,创伤小、恢复快。     

双蒂额部扩张皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的 探讨双蒂额部扩张皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果.方法 将扩张器埋置于额部额肌下,术后1周常规注水扩张.扩张完成后,根据颞浅动脉的走行设计双蒂皮瓣转移修复颈部创面.并对术前、后颈椎活动度和颏颈角进行测量,数据采用SPSS16.0统计学软件分析,并行t检验.结果 2006年9月至2010年5月,于临床应用7例,患者颈部主动活动度均得到不同程度改善,颈部前屈、后伸、左右侧屈及左右旋动度数均较术前增加,颏颈角术后测量为(90.7±2.2)°,较术前的(152.7±1.9)°明显改善,生理角度也得到恢复(P＜0.05).术后随访5个月至3年,患者对治疗效果表示满意,瘢痕挛缩均无复发.结论 扩张后额部皮瓣血运可靠,可以较好地修复颈部挛缩瘢痕,功能和外形均能获得较满意的恢复,而且能很好地保留供区的形态和功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of bi-pedicled frontal expanded flap for cervical cicatricial contracture. Methods Tissue expanders were implanted under frontal muscle. After expansion, the frontal flaps were designed based on bilateral superficial temporal vessels and were tranferred to the neck wound. The cervical spine movement and the mento-cervical angle was measured and analyzed by SPSS16. 0 and t test. Results From September 2006 to May 2010, 7 patients were treated by this method. The range of active cervical movement was improved in all direction. The mento-cervical angle decreased from ( 152. 7 ± 1.9 ) ° to ( 90. 7 ± 2. 2 ) ° after operation. The patients were followed up for 5months to 3 years with satisfactory result and no contracture recurrence. Conclusions The bi-pedicled expanded frontal flap has a reliable blood supply and is very suitable for cervical cicatricial contracture with good functional and esthetic results, leaving less morbidity at donor site.     

微泡增强多普勒超声技术在锁骨上动脉穿支皮瓣设计中的应用

目的 探讨微泡增强多普勒超声技术(microbubble-enhanced ultrasound,MEUS)在锁骨上动脉穿支皮瓣设计中的应用价值.方法 2009年5月至2013年10月,术前对20例26个皮瓣先采用常规彩色多普勒超声进行血管探查,在此基础上再行MEUS检测定位锁骨上动脉穿支血管,判断并归类锁骨上动脉穿支类型,选取管径粗、流速快、蒂部长、旋转点近的穿支血管设计皮瓣.术后对有无造影剂相关并发症及皮瓣存活情况进行随访.结果 在常规彩超下探测出来自锁骨上动脉的穿支共37条,穿支管径0.5 ～0.8 mm,平均(0.6±0.1) mm;超声造影增强后,穿支血管的血流信号明显提高,探查到48条血管(P＜0.05);同一血管在MEUS下的平均管径为(0.7±0.3) mm,常规彩超下为(0.6±0.1) mm,前者明显高于后者(P＜0.05).MEUS和三维重建结果显示,锁骨上动脉前胸支在65.4％(17/26)的皮瓣中管径大,血流稳定,可以作为穿支皮瓣的优势血管.26个皮瓣术前定位的穿支在术中均获得证实,并有25个采用了术前定位的血管作为血管蒂,1个由于术中发现穿支细、蒂部短而改用扩张的胸廓内动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植.仅有1例发生造影剂相关不良反应,表现为恶心、胃纳差等胃肠道反应,未予治疗,1d后自行好转.术后随访3～16个月,平均8个月,皮瓣色泽、质地良好.结论 锁骨上动脉作为进入皮瓣的终末支血管,存在不同的穿支类型.MEUS作为一项准确、可靠的术前探测手段,可应用于锁骨上动脉穿支的术前定位,以选择优势血管而设计最佳皮瓣,提高手术成功率.     

四肢高压电烧伤创面的早期处理

目的 总结四肢高压电烧伤创面早期治疗的临床经验.方法 选择2003年1月-2010年12月笔者单位收治的四肢高压电烧伤患者54例,其中男50例、女4例,年龄10～56岁;共有97个患肢,其中上肢67个、下肢30个,致伤部位包括腕及前臂、前臂和肘部及上臂、肩腋部、踝足部、小腿、膝周、大腿及腹股沟,共119处.伤后1～10 d手术,创面切开减张,待患者全身情况相对稳定行下述处理.(1)16个肢体(16处受伤部位)行截肢术,其中5个前臂坏死且肘及上臂受损的上肢行前臂截肢(保留肘关节),并用带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣修复前臂残端、肘部及上臂创面;1个上臂截肢(保留肩关节)后用带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣修复残端.(2)95处受伤部位及早清创后用各种血运丰富的组织瓣覆盖.其中5个腕部电烧伤创面行桡动脉重建3个、静脉重建1个、桡动脉及静脉重建1个,1处肘部肱动脉损伤病例行血管重建.(3)8处受伤部位行植皮手术进行修复.统计本组患者术后创面愈合情况,并随访.结果 本组16个肢体截肢术后切口均愈合.5个行血管重建的腕部电烧伤创面,手部供血和(或)静脉回流得以恢复;1例肱动脉损伤病例行动脉重建后血运良好,避免了截肢.5处受损部位组织瓣移植术后远端坏死,其中2处去除坏死组织后予以缝合,3处清创后植皮,创面均愈合.组织瓣下感染8处,其中腕部5处、肘部1处、踝足部2处,经掀起皮瓣或断蒂时再扩创缝合,创面愈合.其余组织瓣均愈合良好.8处受损部位行植皮术后,部分坏死2处,经补植皮片后愈合;其余6处直接愈合.37例患者随访6~12个月,皮瓣外形及质地良好.结论 早期行肢体切开减张、清创、血管重建以及采用修复重建外科技术,是治疗四肢高压电烧伤创面并重建肢体功能、减少截肢率的合理选择.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experience of early treatment of high-voltage electric burn wounds in the limbs. Methods Fifty-four patients (50 males and 4 females,aged from 10 to 56 years) with high-voltage electric burn wounds in 97 limbs (67 upper limbs and 30 lower limbs) were hospitalized in our burn wards from January 2003 to December 2010. A total of 119 burn wounds in wrist-forearm,forearm-elbow-upper arm,shoulder-axillary region,ankle-foot,lower leg,around the knee,thigh-inguinal region were treated with incision for decompression within 10 days after burn. Under the premise of relatively stable systemic condition of the patients,certain surgical operations were performed as follows. (1) Sixteen limbs with 16 wounds were amputated,among them forearm amputation was performed for 5 upper limbs with necrosis,with preservation of elbow joints,and the residual wounds of the elbow and upper arm were repaired with pedicled latissimus dorsi musculo-cutaneous flaps;1 upper limb with upper arm amputated,with preservation of shoulder joint,was repaired with pedicled latissimus dorsi musculo-cutaneous flap. (2) Ninety-five wounds were covered with various tissue flaps with abundant blood supply after early debridement,in which 3 brachial arteries,1 vein,1 brachial artery and vein were reconstructed in 5 wrist wounds,artery reconstruction was performed in elbow wound of 1 case with injured brachial artery. (3) Eight wounds were treated with free skin grafting. Wound healing conditions were observed and followed up. Results Wounds in 16 limbs healed after amputation and repair. Blood supply and (or) venous return of hands were restored in 5 wrist wounds after vessel reconstruction. After artery reconstruction,abundant blood supply was observed in 1 case with injured brachial artery and amputation was avoided. Necrosis occurred in distal parts of tissue flaps in 5 wounds after grafting,in which 2 wounds healed after removal of necrotic tissue followed by closure with suture,and 3 wounds healed after debridement and free skin grafting. Tissue flap infection occurred in wrist (5 wounds),elbow (1 wound),ankle-foot (2 wounds),and healed after debridement and suture. The other tissue flaps survived after grafting. Six wounds healed after skin grafting. Partial necrosis occurred in 2 wounds after skin grafting,and they were healed after second skin grafting. Thirty-seven patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months,the skin flaps survived with satisfactory appearance and texture. Conclusions Early extensive compartment release through fasciectomies and escharectomies,early debridement,early vascular grafting,early wound coverage with contemporary reparative and reconstructive surgical techniques are rational options for the treatment of high-voltage electric burns in the limbs.     

斧形皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损

目的 探讨斧形皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损的效果和意义.方法 参照面颊部自然曲线走向,在软组织缺损一侧设计斧形皮瓣,推进修复面颊部软组织缺损.结果 自2006年以来,共修复面颊部软组织缺损13例,面积最小1.8 cm×2.0 cm,最大2.5 cm×3.5 cm.术后皮瓣成活良好,均一期愈合.随访3个月～1.5年,术后瘢痕纤细隐蔽,对面颊部自然曲线的影响较小,外形满意.结论 斧形皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损,能够避免对面部自然曲线的破坏,达到较佳视觉效果,可以作为修复面颊部软组织缺损的较好的方法.