Pulsed dye laser treatment of capillary malformations in infants at 2‐weekly versus 3‐monthly intervals,reducing the need for general anaesthesia

Capillary malformations (CM) cause significant psychosocial complications. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment at 6–12‐weekly intervals under general anaesthesia (GA) commencing in infants at 6 months of age remains the standard of care in order to achieve maximal improvement prior to school age. The safety of repeated GA in children is controversial. Shortening the time between treatments increases the number that can be delivered prior to 6 months of age, thus reducing the number of subsequent treatments needed under GA. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of more frequent PDL treatment of CM in infancy via a pilot, prospective patient‐controlled study of 10 patients. Using 595 nm (Vbeam) PDL, the entire CM was treated initially, then half the CM randomly allocated to 2‐weekly and half to 3‐monthly intervals for two further treatments. Photographs of the CM taken 3 months after treatment completion were evaluated by an independent, blinded dermatologist. Nine infants completed the study. Three infants (33%) had more improvement on the 2‐weekly treated side and four (44%) had more improvement on the 3‐monthly treated side. Two patients (22%) showed no difference between sides. Treatments were well tolerated without complications. We conclude that 2‐weekly PDL treatments of CM in infants aged under 6 months is effective and well tolerated without adverse effects. Our preliminary data suggest a possible superior efficacy with 3‐monthly treatment intervals; however, larger studies are warranted for stronger evidence. More frequent non‐GA treatment of CM in infants should be further investigated to decrease the risk of repeated GA exposure in young children.     

Confocal and dermoscopic features of basal cell carcinoma in Gorlin–Goltz syndrome: A case report

Gorlin–Goltz (GS) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease linked to a mutation in the PTCH gene. Major criteria include the onset of multiple basal cell carcinoma (BCC), keratocystic odontogenic tumours in the jaws and bifid ribs. Dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy represent imaging tools that are able to increase the diagnostic accuracy of skin cancer in a totally noninvasive manner, without performing punch biopsies. Here we present a case of a young woman in whom the combined approach of dermoscopy and RCM led to the identification of multiple small inconspicuous lesions as BCC and thus to the diagnosis of GS syndrome.     

Q开关1064 nm Nd:YAG激光治疗黄褐斑所致点状色素减退:2年随访研究

目的:了解大光斑低能量模式Q开关1064 nm激光治疗黄褐斑后所致点状色素减退恢复情况。方法:对大光斑低能量模式Q开关1064 nm Nd:YAG激光治疗5次以上的180例黄褐斑患者随访2年。结果:15例出现点状色素减退(8.33%),2年后1例痊愈,2例有改善,13例无变化。结论:大光斑低能量Q开关1064 nm激光治疗黄褐斑所致的点状色素减退斑可持续2年以上。     

New approach in the treatment of refractory vitiligo: CO2 laser combined with betamethasone and salicylic acid solution

The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of fractional carbon dioxide laser (CO₂) with betamethasone and salicylic acid solution in the treatment of patients with refractory vitiligo in hands. Each hand of the patient was randomly assigned to one of two groups: lesion treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser associated with betamethasone and salicylic acid solution administration or lesion treated only with betamethasone and salicylic acid solution. We conclude that combined treatment with fractional carbon dioxide laser and betamethasone associated with salicylic acid solution could effectively and safely be used in the treatment of refractory vitiligo.     

急诊经皮冠脉介入普通支架和药物洗脱支架随机对照观察

目的观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠脉介入(PCI)时应用药物洗脱支架的疗效及安全性。方法采用前瞻性随机对照方法,将AMI患者随机分为普通支架组(CrofelexTheca支架组,C组),进口药物洗脱支架组(Taxus组,T组),国产药物洗脱支架组(Firebird组,F组),每组计划入选各20例,急诊PCI术时仅处理梗死相关动脉。观察住院期间、6个月心血管疾病死亡,再梗死,再住院,靶血管再血管化等情况。结果最终C组、T组、F组各入选15,18,16例,发病至手术时间:C组(6.67±3.26)h,T组(6.22±3.77)h,F组(6.44±3.69)h;靶血管特征为:C组血管直径≥3.0mm占80%,T组≥3.0mm占72.2%,F组≥3.0mm占81.3%;C组植入支架15枚,T组21枚,F组16枚,手术成功率均为100%。三组住院其间均无心血管性疾病死亡,再梗死、靶血管再血管化;6个月随访中亦无心血管性疾病死亡、再梗死、靶血管再血管化,C组、F组各有1例因为心功能不全再入院。结论急诊PCI中应用药物洗脱支架,包括国产药物洗脱支架Firebird安全可靠,疗效明确;但样本量小,还有待进一步大样本,多中心的临床研究来证实。     

静态水气分离器分离效率试验研究

目的 评估某型静态水气分离器的分离效率.方法 采用自行设计搭建的重力条件下地面试验系统,对水气分离器分离效率的评价方法进行了研究,针对激光颗粒测试仪监测法精度不足的问题,提出了重量测试法.采用重量测试法考查了水滴直径、重力以及工作时间等因素对水气分离器分离效率的影响.结果 在气体流量为150 L/min,水流量为120...     

Spondylosis in sand rats: a model of intervertebral disc degeneration and hyperostosis

This study defines gross, histopathologic, and radiologic changes associated with intervertebral disc degeneration in a spontaneously occurring form of the disease in aging sand rats (Psammomys obesus). Sand rats (male/female) fed lab chow supplemented with desert salt bush were sacrificed at periods of 3-30 months. Lateral thoracolumbar spine films were obtained. At sacrifice, spines were surgically exposed and gross findings were recorded; after fixation/decalcification, histopathologic studies were carried out using hematoxylin and eosin, and Safranin-O with fast green counterstain. Metabolic studies included correlations of pathologic and radiologic findings with blood glucose and insulin levels. Disc-space narrowing and subchondral endplate sclerosis increased radiologically with age, with more severe lower lumbar disc lesions. Ligamentous calcifications ventral to involved discs and caudal vertebrae were common. Disc thinning and anterior vertebral bony/cartilaginous spurs were more marked with age. Microscopy revealed loss of nucleus pulposus physaliform cells, chondrocyte replication, disc necrosis, and ossification. Hyperglycemia with and without hyperinsulinemia was common. No statistically significant differences in pathologic findings were noted, neither in diabetic versus nondiabetic nor in hyperinsulinemic animals. The sand rat is a model of disc degeneration; similarities with possible overlap with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis syndrome were noted.     

腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疗效不佳原因分析

目的 分析腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疗效不佳的原因. 方法 2003年9月至2007年12月期间,共有141例腰椎间盘突出症患者在我院接受髓核摘除术,其中术后疗效不佳者17例(男6例,女11例),年龄37～71岁(平均54.5岁).根据患者术前、术后的影像学检查、手术记录及随访资料进行回顾性分析.结果 腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疗效不佳的原因:①手术切除髓核不彻底;②因腰椎管狭窄、侧隐窝狭窄而未能彻底减压;③术后椎体间不稳定性增大;④术前误诊或漏诊.结论 术前仔细阅读X线平片、CT和MRI片,严格掌握手术适应证,具备娴熟的操作技巧,正确开展术后功能锻炼,是防止腰椎间盘突出症患者术后疗效不佳的重要措施.     

Q开关钕:钇铝石榴石激光联合重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗面部黄褐斑的临床研究

目的:评价Q开关钕:钇铝石榴石激光联合重组人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(recombinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor,rh-aFGF)治疗面部黄褐斑的有效性与安全性。方法:2012年2月~2014年3月,入选78例面部重度黄褐斑患者,对照组采用波长为1 064nm的掺钕钇铝石榴石(Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet,Nd:YAG)激光治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上给予rh-aFGF治疗,1次/月,连续治疗3次后观察黄褐斑的临床治疗效果及激光术后并发症的发生。结果:采用rh-aFGF干预后,治疗组与对照组在术后水肿(1.6±0.5 vs 2.2±0.5)、渗出(1.3±0.3 vs 1.8±0.4)、红斑(1.6±0.3vs 2.5±0.7)、疼痛灼烧评分(1.7±0.6 vs 2.7±0.8)、感染发生率(2.6%vs 11.5%)、皮肤弹性增加(25.8±4.7%vs 5.2±2.2%)、皮肤含水增加(55.8±14.6%vs 27.6±6.8%)、色素评分(1.9±0.5 vs 2.7±0.5)、完全愈合时间(4.2±1.6 vs 7.7±2.4)方面,两组比较具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:rh-aFGF联合Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗黄褐斑,可以减少激光术后并发症,增加皮肤弹性及含水量,减少色素沉着的发生。