Cryptogenic left main thrombosis: Successful mechanical clot retrieval with a self‐expanding trapping device

We present the case of a 52‐year‐old male with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction due to a spontaneous large left main thrombosis, without any angiographic evidence for coronary artery disease. After multiple unsuccessful attempts of thrombaspiration the large clot was mechanically retrieved by a flow restoration device that was primarily made for intracranial interventions. Intravascular ultrasound revealed marginal lumen narrowing after the intervention, but the final coronary angiogram showed a patent left main and there was no relevant stenosis remaining. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update

Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within 4.5 hours of symptoms onset significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This narrow window for treatment leads to a small proportion of eligible patients to be treated. Intravenous or intra-arterial trials, combined intravenous/intra-arterial trials, and newer devices to mechanically remove the clot from intracranial arteries have been investigated or are currently being explored to increase patient eligibility and to improve arterial recanalization and clinical outcome. New retrievable stent-based devices offer higher revascularization rates with shorter time to recanalization and are now generally preferred to first generation thrombectomy devices such as Merci Retriever or Penumbra System. These devices have been shown to be effective for opening up occluded vessels in the brain but its efficacy for improving outcomes in patients with acute stroke has not yet been demonstrated in a randomized clinical trial. We summarize the results of the major systemic thrombolytic trials and the latest trials employing different endovascular approaches to ischemic stroke.     

Coronary thrombus in patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI:Prognostic significance and management

Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) usually results from coronary atherosclerotic plaque disruption with superimposed thrombus formation. Detection of coronary thrombi is a poor prognostic indicator,which is mostly proportional to their size and composition. Particularly,intracoronary thrombi impair both epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion,by occluding major coronary arteries and causing distal embolization,respectively. Thus,although primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatement strategy in STEMI setting,the associated use of adjunctive antithrombotic drugs and/or percutaneous thrombectomy is crucial to optimize therapy of STEMI patients,by improving either angiographical and clinical outcomes. This review article will focus on the prognostic significance of intracoronary thrombi and on current antithrombotic pharmacological and interventional strategies used inthe setting of STEMI to manage thrombotic lesions.     

急性前循环颅内外串联闭塞血管内治疗预后相关因素分析

目的探讨急性前循环颅内外串联闭塞(TO)血管内治疗方法,分析其预后相关因素。方法回顾性收集2016年1月～2019年4月我院神经外科收治的急性颈内动脉颅内外段闭塞伴同侧大脑中动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,将患者分为预后良好组(90 d mRS评分0～2分)和预后不良组(90 d mRS评分3～6分)。比较两组发病年龄、手术前后NIHSS评分、ASPECT评分、侧支循环、闭塞类型、开通顺序、术中替罗非班使用、有效再通率、术后出血转化率、术后7 d NIHSS评分、术后90 d mRS评分等临床指标,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果共确认21例[(10.6%(21/198)]急性前循环颅内外串联闭塞患者,其中预后良好组8例(38.1%),预后不良组13例(61.9%)。两组高血压、高脂血症、吸烟和肺部慢性疾病、入院NIHSS评分、术前ASCEPT评分、病因TOAST分型等术前评估指标比较,无统计学差异(P0.05);与预后不良组相比,预后良好组年龄更低(P=0.009)。两组术后7 d NIHSS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.536,P=0.020),术中替罗非班的使用、症状性颅内出血无明显差异(P0.05)。21例患者有效再通率为(TICI 2b-3)71.5%,死亡率28.6%,仅38.1%的患者预后良好。两组再灌注TICI分级无统计学差异(P=0.336),较低的发病年龄(P=0.009)、良好侧支循环(P=0.037)、术后7 d NIHSS评分(P=0.020)及桥接静脉溶栓(P=0.011)与预后相关。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,侧支循环为预后预测因子(B=3.651,OR=38.5,95%CI为2.951～508.463,P=0.006)。结论前循环急性颅内外串联闭塞患者进行血管内治疗有一定效果,但总体良好预后率偏低,良好侧支循环为预后较强预测因子。本研究的局限性主要为非随机单中心回顾性研究,TO患者最佳治疗策略需要更多的随机对照进一步研究探索。     

机械性血栓抽吸术治疗髂股静脉血栓形成

目的:探讨机械性血栓抽吸治疗髂股静脉血栓形成的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析236例急性髂股深静脉血栓(DVT)患者的临床资料。均经健侧股静脉预防性放置下腔静脉滤器,在数字减影血管造影(DSA)透视下患侧股静脉插入12～14 F大腔鞘管,50 mL注射器负压抽吸髂股静脉血栓。112例合并髂静脉狭窄或闭塞患者,行经皮血管成形术(PTA)和支架植入;术后给予肝素抗凝。结果:出院时膝上、下15 cm处健、患侧周径差分别降为(1.34±0.57)cm和(0.93±0.42)cm,与入院时比较差异有统计学意义(t=19.37、23.99,P均<0.05);随访36个月,随访率97.88%(231/236)。术后水肿、色素沉着和溃疡等后遗症发生率12.99%(30/231)、8.23%(19/231)和0;随访疗效优92.21%(213/231)。支架植入患者随访均通畅。结论:机械性血栓抽吸治疗髂股DVT疗效显著,并发症少,住院周期短,能够明显降低后遗症的发生率。     

Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Phase Ib/II Randomized and Controlled Dose-Escalation Trial

PurposeThis randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, dose-escalation acute ischemic stroke trial was designed to demonstrate maximum tolerated dose, characterize adverse events (AEs), and explore clinical outcomes when intravenous dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) was used as neuroprotection.MethodsAcute ischemic stroke patients (n = 24) with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 2–20 were randomized to either 3 doses of intravenous DDFPe or placebo, 1 every 90 minutes, starting within 12 hours of symptom onset. Doses were given without affecting standard stroke care. Each of the 3 dose cohorts included 8 patients, with 2 receiving placebo and 6 receiving DDFPe. Primary outcomes were serious adverse events (SAEs), AEs, NIHSS score, and modified Rankin Score (mRS).ResultsNo dose-limiting toxicities were encountered, and no maximum tolerated dose was defined. One unrelated delayed death occurred in a DDFPe patient, and another occurred in the placebo group. Group SAEs and AEs were similar in incidence and severity. Early initiation of DDFPe treatment resulted in better NIHSS score response than late initiation (P = .03). Thirty- and 90-day mRS after high-dose therapy suggested clinical improvement (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). However, the significance of differences in clinical outcomes was limited by small patient numbers and differences in stroke severity between cohorts.ConclusionsIntravenous DDFPe appears to be safe at all doses tested. Clinical improvements in NIHSS score and mRS were significant but compromised by small sample size.     

超时间窗取栓研究的现状分析

机械取栓术治疗急性大血管闭塞性缺血性脑卒中（LVO-AIS ）的主要方式,研究证实机械取栓的明确时间窗为发病内6h,然而对于发病6-24h或超过24h接受机械取栓的患者筛选仍存争议,本研究旨在探讨超时间窗机械取栓的安全性和有效性评估。