急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清微小RNA-590水平变化及意义

目的]探究急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血清微小RNA-590(miR-590)水平变化及与预后的关系。[方法]选取2019年2月—2020年10月接受静脉溶栓和动脉取栓治疗的176例AIS患者作为研究对象,根据治疗后90天的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将其分为预后良好组(n＝123;mRS评分0～2分)、预后不良组(n＝53;mRS评分3～6分)。用实时荧光定量PCR法检测AIS患者血清miR-590水平;用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价miR-590预判AIS预后的价值;用Logistic回归分析AIS预后的风险因素。[结果]预后不良组的年龄、男性占比、糖尿病史占比、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和入院至溶栓时间(DNT)均高于预后良好组(P＜0.05)。按1∶1进行倾向性评分匹配后,治疗前预后不良组的miR-590相对水平低于预后良好组,预后不良组和预后良好组的治疗后miR-590相对水平均高于治疗前,治疗后预后不良组的miR-590相对水平升高程度高于预后良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。治疗前miR-590预判AIS预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.793,高于miR-590差值(治疗前和治疗后血清miR-590相对水平的差值)(P＜0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果显示FPG、TC、NIHSS评分和DNT是AIS预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),治疗前血清miR-590水平是AIS预后的独立保护因素(P＜0.001)。[结论]AIS患者静脉溶栓和动脉取栓治疗前血清miR-590水平低与AIS预后不良有关。     

后循环急性缺血性脑卒中患者经机械取栓完全复流后不良预后的影响因素分析

目的探索后循环急性缺血性脑卒中（PCS）患者经机械取栓并完全恢复前向血流后部分患者临床预后仍然不佳的影响因素。 方法连续纳入2017年1月至2020年9月于我院接受机械取栓治疗的PCS患者并进行回顾性分析。闭塞血管完全恢复前向血流定义为改良脑梗死溶栓血流分级（mTICI）达3级。90 d改良Rankin评分（mRS）> 2分则被定义为预后不良。将患者基线资料、治疗相关指标纳入多因素分析,并采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）来确定最佳界值。 结果共纳入39例经机械取栓治疗后完全恢复前向血流（mTICI 3级）的PCS患者。其中,预后不良患者共20例（51.3%）。采用逐步Logistic回归分析显示,入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分较高（OR = 1.21,95%CI = 1.037~1.414,P = 0.016）、后交通动脉（PcomA）未开放（OR = 0.052,95%CI = 0.005~0.557,P = 0.014）为90 d不良预后的独立预测因素。基于ROC曲线分析显示,入院时NIHSS评分曲线下面积为0.762,截断值为20分,敏感度为70.0%,特异度为84.2%。 结论入院时NIHSS评分高、后交通动脉未开放,是后循环急性缺血性脑卒中患者接受机械取栓治疗并完全恢复前向血流后临床预后仍不佳的相关因素。     

Differences between proximal and distal M1 occlusions after mechanical thrombectomy

PurposeWhether M1 occlusions proximal (pM1) and distal (dM1) to the lenticulostriate perforators result in different clinical outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is unknown. We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes and baseline characteristics of patients with these two types of occlusions.MethodsFrom March 2010 to May 2019, we performed MT for 141 M1 occlusions, including pM1 occlusions (n = 58) and dM1 occlusions (n = 83).ResultsGood clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2) were achieved in 28 out of 58 (48.3%) patients with pM1 occlusions and 46 out of 83 (55.4%) patients with dM1 occlusions without significance (p = 0.493). Cardioembolic occlusions represented 19 out of 58 (32.6%) pM1 occlusions and 53 out of 83 (63.9%) dM1 occlusions, and atherosclerotic occlusions represented 37 out of 58 (63.8%) pM1 occlusions and 27 out of 83 (32.5%) dM1 occlusions, with significance (p = 0.001). Rescue treatments, such as balloon angioplasty or stenting, were needed more for pM1 occlusions than dM1 occlusions (21 out of 58 (36.2%) vs. 8 out of 83 (9.8%), p < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the need for rescue treatment was associated with pM1 occlusions (adjusted odds ratio; 3.804, 95% confidence interval; 1.306–11.082, p = 0.014).ConclusionsIn our series, pM1 and dM1 occlusions did not significantly differ in good clinical outcomes. Our study also showed that pM1 occlusions were more strongly associated with atherosclerotic occlusions, while dM1 occlusions were more strongly associated with cardioembolic occlusions, and rescue treatments were needed more often for pM1 occlusions than dM1 occlusions.     

急性缺血性卒中机械取栓术后颅内出血的预测因素分析

目的探讨急性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓术(mechanical thrombectomy,MT)后发生颅内出血(intracranial hemorrhage,ICH)的预测因素。材料与方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年6月在本院就诊的急性缺血性卒中患者135例。所有患者均于MT治疗前接受MRI检查,并于治疗后24 h复查头颅CT或MRI评估患者ICH。将ICH分为症状性颅内出血(symptomatic ICH,sICH)和非sICH(无ICH和无sICH)。记录所有患者的MRI数据及临床资料。统计学方法分析急性缺血性卒中患者MT术后发生ICH、sICH预测因素。结果与无ICH组(79例)相比,ICH组(56例)患者具有较高的空腹血糖水平(129.08±18.87与139.77±16.70)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)(5.57±0.34与5.99±0.42)及DWI梗死体积(20.28±26.30与5.99±0.42),两组间比较有统计学差异(t=-7.974,P<0.001;t=-6.421,P<0.001;t=-2.970,P=0.004)。sICH组(18例)患者DWI梗死体积(52.21±50.23)明显大于非sICH组(117例)(24.28±29.99),差异有统计学意义(t=-3.317;P=0.001)。Spearman相关分析显示空腹血糖(r=0.554;P<0.001)、HbA1c(r=0.450;P<0.001)、DWI梗死体积(r=0.309;P<0.001)与ICH呈正相关;DWI梗死体积(r=0.234;P=0.006)与sICH呈正相关。逻辑回归分析结果显示空腹血糖[OR(95%CI):1.233(1.139~1.335),P<0.001]、HbA1c[OR(95%CI):39.121(7.537~203.052),P<0.001]、DWI梗死体积[OR(95%CI):1.025(1.006~1.044),P=0.009]为预测卒中MT术后发生ICH的独立预测因子;DWI梗死体积[OR(95%CI):1.018(1.006~1.030),P=0.004]为预测卒中MT术后发生sICH的独立预测因子。结论综合评估空腹血糖、HbA1c、DWI梗死体积可以有效地预测急性缺血性卒中患者MT术后ICH、sICH的发生,可指导临床个性化治疗、改善预后。     

Endovascular treatment of pediatric ischemic stroke: A single center experience and review of the literature

IntroductionMechanical thrombectomy is standard treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in adults. There are no randomized controlled trials for the pediatric population. We report our single-center experience with thrombectomy of LVO in a series of pediatric patients, and perform a review of the literature.MethodsRetrospective review of consecutive pediatric thrombectomy cases between 2011 and 2018. Demographic variables, imaging data, technical aspects and clinical outcome were recorded.ResultsIn a period of 7 years, 7 children were treated for LVO at our center. Median age was 13 (2–17), and median Ped-NIHSS was 15 (3–24), and the median ASPECTS was 8 (2–10). Five patients had cardiac disease, and 2 of them were under external cardiac assistance. Median time from onset of symptoms to beginning of treatment was 7h06m (2h58m–21h38m). Five patients had middle cerebral artery occlusions. Thrombectomy was performed using a stentriever in 3 patients, aspiration in 3 patients, and combined technique in 1 patient. Six patients had good recanalization (TICI 2 b/3). There were no immediate periprocedural complications. At 3 months, 4 patients (57%) were independent (mRS score <3). Two patients died, one after haemorrhagic transformation of an extensive MCA infarct, and one due to extensive brainstem ischemia in the setting of varicella vasculitis.DiscussionSelected pediatric patients with LVO may be treated with mechanical thrombectomy safely. In patients under external cardiac assistance and under anticoagulation, thrombectomy is the only alternative for treatment of LVO. A multidisciplinary approach in specialized pediatric stroke centers with trained neurointerventionalists are essential for good results.     

Breaking the breach in Latin America. A pilot study of mechanical thrombectomy in the public healthcare system in Chile

Brief commentary about implications of the Pilot Study of Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Public Healthcare System of Chile.     

Solitaire~(TM)支架取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞研究

目的评估急性基底动脉闭塞患者使用SolitaireTM支架机械取栓的有效性和安全性,分析其临床预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析本中心连续入组的30例急性基底动脉闭塞患者,均使用SolitaireTM支架设备进行机械取栓治疗分析支架,分析取栓治疗的再通率及并发症,评估治疗90 d临床预后,分析影响临床预后的因素。结果 30例患者均顺利完成机械取栓手术。患者平均年龄为(58.6±8.4)岁,术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分中位数25.5分(21.3,29.5),格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分中位数8分(6.0,9.8),改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分中位数5分(5.0,5.0)。成功再通[脑梗死溶栓分级(Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale,TICI)3或2b级]28例(93.3%),6例(20.0%)发生症状性颅内出血,9例(30.0%)患者预后良好(m RS 0~2分)。9例死亡,死亡率为30.0%(9/30)。术前患者意识不清(P=0.014)及m RS评分较高(P=0.020)与不良预后(m RS2分)相关。结论使用SolitaireTM支架进行急性基底动脉闭塞患者的机械取栓,有较高的再通率,能够改善功能性预后。     

Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke

The utility of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV t-PA) in improving the clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke has been well demonstrated in past clinical trials. Though multiple initial small series of endovascular stroke therapy had shown good outcomes as compared to IV t-PA, a similar beneficial effect had not been translated in multiple randomized clinical trials of endovascular stroke therapy. Over the same time, there have been parallel advances in imaging technology and better understanding and utility of the imaging in therapy of acute stroke. In this review, we will discuss the evolution of endovascular stroke therapy followed by a discussion of the key factors that have to be considered during endovascular stroke therapy and directions for future endovascular stroke trials.     

Rheolytic mechanical thrombectomy for pulmonary artery thrombus in children with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease

Acute thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries (PA) can occur during operative or catheter based interventions. This may have serious consequences especially in patients with palliated single ventricle physiology. Traditional therapy for PA thrombosis includes use of local or systemic thrombolytic therapy and surgical thrombectomy. Percutaneous transcatheter mechanical thrombectomy can be broadly divided into three categories based on their mechanisms of action: (a) mechanical fragmentation of the embolus using guide‐wires, pigtail catheters, or balloons (flossing technique), (b) extraction using cup or basket devices, or (c) hydrodynamic fragmentation and aspiration of the embolus. Rheolytic thrombectomy using AngioJet system (Possis Medical, Minneapolis, MN) uses hydrodynamic thrombus fragmentation and aspiration technique, and provides an alternative solution in management of acute thrombosis. We report three patients with complex congenital heart disease of single ventricle physiology palliated by cavopulmonary anastomosis or central shunts and PA thrombosis treated with AngioJet system. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.