经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥填充对患者凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者凝血功能的影响及临床意义.方法:2006年12月至2007年12月,对24例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术,男6例,女18例:年龄48～83岁,平均69岁.脊柱骨折部位为T5-L3,共44个椎体,其中胸椎20个椎体,腰椎24个椎体.采用C型臂X线机透视引导下行经皮椎体成形术,注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥(PMMA).分别在注入骨水泥前10min、注入骨水泥后10min、30min、1h、2h及3h时检测患者凝血功能相关指标,包括血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、鱼精蛋白副凝固试验(3P试验)及血浆D-二聚体(D-D)含量,并进行统计学分析.结果:经皮椎体成形术中注人骨水泥10min后PT缩短、FIB增高、3P试验阳性率升高,D-D含量增高,1h时达到高峰后开始下降.注入骨水泥后10min、30min、1h、2h四个时间点与注入骨水泥前相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)在各时间点与注入骨水泥前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05).3h后骨水泥对这些指标的影响基本消除,各项指标与注入骨水泥前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥填充会引起患者一过性血液高凝状态,在注入骨水泥后的3h内需严密监测病情,以防血栓性疾病发生.     

上尿路梗阻性急性肾功能不全内、外引流的选择

目的探讨内、外引流在上尿路梗阻急性肾功能不全时的选择和效果。方法25例各种原因引起的上尿路梗阻（15例肿瘤性梗阻,10例非肿瘤性梗阻）合并急性肾功能不全,分别或先后对12例行输尿管内置双J管（doub le J,D J）内引流15次,对19例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘（percutaneous nephrectomy,PCN）外引流23次。结果引流成功23例,PCN外引流成功率86.9%（20/23）,双J管内引流成功率60.0%（9/15）,PCN术后继发出血1例。结论对于盆腹腔进展期或广泛转移肿瘤导致的梗阻,PCN解除梗阻优于输尿管支架内引流;非肿瘤性梗阻宜先尝试D J内引流。     

关节镜下经皮张力带钢丝固定治疗髌骨骨折

目的探索髌骨骨折错位在关节镜下复位、内固定的新方法。方法对56例新鲜闭合性横断型髌骨骨折病例,在关节镜下冲洗关节腔积血,清除骨折断端凝血块,去除小的骨碎片,进行髌骨复位,直接观察关节面复位对合情况。应用胥氏张力带钢丝固定原理,经皮穿入克氏针及钢丝,针孔做1cm小切口,完成内固定。结果术后2周绝大部分患者屈膝可达90°以上,骨折在6～10周达到临床愈合,出现针尾触痛者8例,克氏针松动上移2例,无钢丝断裂及脱落。治疗效果按膝关节损伤患者的功能评定法,优良率为96.4%。结论本术式两枚克氏针各有一根钢丝固定,在关节镜导引下,经皮穿针钢丝固定,不会因两根针位置不对称而产生扭距。操作方法简便、有效,有利于术后早期功能锻炼,为髌骨骨折提供了一种新的手术方法。     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗无积水肾结石

目的探讨微创经皮肾穿刺气压弹道碎石取石(minipercutaneous nephrolithotripsy,MPCNL)治疗无积水肾结石的效果。方法对无积水肾结石47例,经输尿管导管注入生理盐水,制造"人工肾积水",C形臂X线机定位穿刺,扩张至F16,建立经皮肾取石通道,使用WolfEMS气压弹道碎石机击碎结石。结果手术时间(120±35)min。单通道取石38例,双通道取石6例,三通道取石3例。一次取石35例,二次取石12例。结石手术取净率83.0%(39/47),最终排净率93.6%(44/47)。无严重并发症。结论对于无积水肾结石,MPCNL技术要求较高,掌握无积水肾结石的解剖特点和PCNL的技巧,可以达到积水肾结石相类似的疗效,同样具有创伤小、结石残留率低、并发症少、康复快等优点,是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗方法。     

Percutaneous needle trephination. Experience in 200 cases

Summary For many years percutaneous needle and classic burr-hole trephination with insertion of plastic catheters for external ventricular drainage are in use. The shortcomings of the conventional puncture needles were compensated for by the development of a modified instrument in recent years.In this prospective study we tried to define advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous ventriculostomy with this modified needle in a large number of patients. We treated and followed a total number of 200 patients with external ventricular drainage for various reasons (42% obstructive hydrocephalus, 27% haematocephalus, 11% malresorptive hydrocephalus, 11% elevated ICP and 9% infections). The ventriculostomy is performed — after percutaneous trepheication with a 1.5 mm drill and 1.2 mm needle under the local aesthesia as a bedside procedure. The modified blunt needle is provided with markings and a set screw which allows insertion to a prefixed depth and a sharp guide which is withdrawn after penetration of the dura. It is then bent rostrally and fixed by a plaster cast. The mean duration of drainage was 9 days (1–30 days). Mean operating time for the whole procedure including fixation and connection to the drainage system was 20 minutes. Overall complication rate was 13% (N=26). Two intracerebral haemorrhages (1%) occurred, of which one was caused by overdrainage. Five (3%) infections in primarily not infectious cases (N=182) were seen. Only one case of infection occurred without loosing of the needle on day 17. In 19 patients (10%) the needles had loosened. Fifteen times this complication was repaired in time and no infection occurred. The overall complication rate (13%) and the needle related risk of bleeding (0.5%) seem average. The true risk of infection with correct handling (0.5%) is very low despite the very long average duration of drainage. The main risk lies in the markedly high danger of loosening (10%), which entails a disproportionally high demand for nursing care. Nevertheless, we regard percutaneous needle trephination as the ventriculostomy method of choice because of its better practicability and low infection rate.     

氮酮对扑热息痛渗透裸鼠皮肤的促透作用

以裸鼠皮肤为隔膜的上下扩散的２个简单扩散小室研究氮酮对扑息痛透皮渗透促进作用。     

Percutaneous transluminal rotational atherectomy in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease using a transluminal endatherectomy catheter (TEC): Initial results and angiographic follow-up

Purpose To evaluate the clinical results of percutaneous transluminal rotational atherectomy in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Methods Rotational atherectomy was performed in 39 patients aged 39–87 years (mean 66.6 years). A total of 71 lesions (43 stenoses and 28 occlusions) were treated in 40 limbs. Additional balloon angioplasty was required in 54% of lesions. Fifteen patients (37.5%) presented in Fontaine stage II, 10 patients (25%) in Fontaine stage III and 15 patients (37.5%) in Fontaine stage IV. Rotational atherectomy at 750 rpm was carried out over a 0.014-inch guidewire with continuous aspiration into a vacuum, bottle. Follow-up angiography and color flow Doppler examinations were performed in 22 patients (23 limbs) after a mean period of 6 months (range 2–14 months) Results There was one primary technical failure. In 36 of 40 lesions there was a good angiographic result with residual stenoses in less than 30%. In 70 lesions treated by rotational atherectomy, however, 54% showed residual stenoses of 30%–50% and these cases required additional balloon angioplasty. The mean ankle-brachial index improved significantly (p<0.001), from 0.49 before the procedure to 1.01 after the procedure. A single distal embolus, related to primary recanalization, occurred and there were two large inguinal hematomas. Cumulative clinical patency after 6 months was 83.8% and cumulative angiographic patency after 6 months was 79.1%. Conclusion Percutaneous rotational atherectomy is a promising approach for the treatment of chronic peripheral vascular disease. Further prospective, randomized studies are necessary to compare percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with this new technical approach.     

Percutaneous angioplasty of carotid artery stenoses

Summary Percutaneous angioplasty is a well-established method of treating arterial stenoses and occlusions in various regions. In the carotid area this technique is still under discussion. The successful application of angioplasty in eight patients with carotid artery stenoses is reported.Adapted from a paper presented at XII European Congress for Neuroradiology in Prague, 27–29 September, 1984     

经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石疗效观察

目的：评价经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术处理复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法：自2003年9月～2004年4月采用经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术Ⅰ期治疗肾结石38例42侧。结果：平均手术时间85min，结石处理时间62min，结石清除率88．1％；5例多发性结石或铸形结石患者经皮通道小角度的肾盏内有直径小于1cm结石残留，辅助施行体外冲击波碎石治疗。随访1～3个月，无严重手术并发症。结论：经皮肾镜下气压弹道碎石联合超声碎石术处理大的复杂性肾结石具有高效、安全的特点，结石清除率高，值得临床推广应用。     

经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝癌56例临床分析

目的　探讨氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的临床意义。方法　 2 0 0 1年 7月～ 2 0 0 2年6月 5 6例肝脏恶性肿瘤在B型超声引导下行经皮穿刺氩氦刀冷冻治疗。术后患者定期复查血清肿瘤标记物、B型超声检查及CT或MRI。结果　患者肝功能ChildA级 5 0例 ,ChildB级 5例 ,ChildC级 1例。原发性肝癌 4 6例 ,转移性肝癌 10例。小肝癌 (直径≤ 5cm)甲胎蛋白阳性者治疗后转阴占80 % ,甲胎蛋白阴性者治疗后CT或MRI复查病灶完全坏死达 6 1.5 %。转移性肝癌治疗后瘤标降至正常或CT、MRI提示病灶完全坏死者占 6 0 %。结论　氩氦刀冷冻治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤是一种微创、安全、疗效可靠的新方法。对于不适宜行手术治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者是一种有效的微创外科治疗方法。