Percutaneous endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms: Clinical evaluation and literature results

Abstract

In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of percutaneous endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (p-EVAR). Anatomically selected patients treated with a single 10Fr Perclose Prostar XL vascular closure device (VCD) were examined. Primary success rate and common femoral artery (CFA) open conversion (OC) requirement per sheath size used were recorded. A literature review on p-EVAR results was also performed. One-hundred patients were enrolled. Successful p-EVAR was achieved in 183 of the 196 CFA access sites (93.4%), and was specifically 85.9% and 98.3% for sheaths ≥20Fr and ≤18Fr respectively. There were 13 periprocedural complications (bleeding = 10, arterial dissection and thrombosis = 1, pseudoaneurysm = 2) all leading to OC. Use of ≥20Fr sheaths had significantly higher OC rate (P < .05). Reconstruction was achieved with primary repair (N = 11) and patch angioplasty (N = 2). Mean hospital stay was 1.8 days. The literature review (vascular closure of 2921 CFA access sites) revealed an overall technical success rate of 92.3%. Device related- were more common than patient related-OCs (P < .05). p-EVAR procedures are safe and feasible. Sheath size is a significant predictor of OC rate and more OCs might be expected with very large (≥20Fr) sheath sizes.     

经皮椎体成形术中斜面针应用效果观察

目的探讨斜面穿刺针和菱形穿刺针在经皮椎体成形手术中的应用方法和优势.方法解离成人25~40岁尸体腰椎1~5椎节(L1~5),共计10×5节,完成各椎节骨含量检测,符合骨含量减少或轻度骨质疏松标准.分别应用斜面穿刺针和菱形穿刺针完成在尸椎上经皮椎体成形术手术模拟操作.手术后行椎体正侧位拍片,使用简易的学生用角度尺和直尺测量穿刺针道偏转数据;观察CT断层扫描下骨水泥在椎体内的分布特点.针道偏转计量数据应用统计软件完成统计分析.结果斜面穿刺针在椎体骨质内发生背向斜面的偏转,偏转角度为(1.83±0.2)°至(3.30±0.3)°.菱形穿刺针在椎体内未发生针道偏转.骨密度值与修正后偏转角度经Pearson相关分析结果显示:2者存在负相关关系,r=-0.991,P=0.001.CT断层扫描显示:自斜面穿刺针之斜面溢出的骨水泥团分布呈现为偏向分布的类椭圆体,随着针体旋转调整,可控制骨水泥注射方向和分布区域;骨水泥自菱形穿刺针顶端溢出后,直接冲向针尖远端,成为类球形体,旋转针体后,不能调整骨水泥注射方向和分布区域.结论实验观察表明,应用斜面穿刺针具实施经皮椎体成形手术,可以在进针和注射过程中充分发挥其所具有天然的设计优势,获得精确的进针路径控制和骨水泥在靶区内的填充控制效果.     

CT引导下经皮椎体病变穿刺活检的临床研究

目的评价CT引导下经皮椎体病变穿刺活检的成功率、诊断正确性及临床应用价值。方法85例椎体病变患者经皮穿刺活检,病变位于颈椎3例,胸椎26例,腰椎37例和骶椎19例。影像学上表现57例为溶骨性病变,19例成骨性病变,9例溶骨性与成骨性病变共存。穿刺标本行细胞学及组织学检查。临床怀疑感染性病变时行细菌学检查。对穿刺标本进行诊断的正确性分析。结果CT证实85例穿刺活检针均位于病灶内,81例取得病变组织,活检成功率95%。活检标本包括29例骨组织标本,5例软组织标本,47例骨组织与软组织混合标本,4例未取得标本;病理结果包括44例转移瘤,17例原发性骨肿瘤,18例感染性病变,2例正常椎体组织。79例诊断正确,诊断正确性97.5%。结论CT引导下经皮椎体病变穿刺活检是对椎体病变作出正确诊断的重要手段,为临床提供了可靠的组织学依据,且穿刺部位正确、三维定向好、损伤小,可以作为诊断不明确的溶骨性及溶骨与成骨混合性椎体病变拟行椎体成形术术前常规。     

髂-股动脉阻塞性病变的介入治疗及临床疗效随访

目的 探讨动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变的介入治疗和临床疗效. 资料与方法 52例动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变患者行血管腔内成形术(PTA)/支架置入术,对其临床症状(按Fontaine分型和踝/肱指数)的变化进行随访. 结果 52例共计112支病变血管,74支进行PTA及支架置入术,24支仅行PTA,14支未行处理,共置入87枚支架,支架均成功置入于髂/股动脉内,技术成功率为100%.临床随访1～24月,Fontaine分型提高1、2和3级的例数分别是21、22和2例,5例无变化,1例下降1级(1例因1周后行膝下截肢术,不计入临床症状的随访);踝/肱指数术前为0.57±0.14,术后1、6、12和24个月分别为0.91±0.21、0.90±0.04、0.87±0.08和0.86±0.16,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 介入治疗动脉硬化性髂-股动脉狭窄或闭塞性病变是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,其近期临床疗效确切.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折54例

目的:评价经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析老年骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折54例经皮椎体成形术治疗后患者的疗效,其中男4例,女50例,1个椎体15例,2个椎体29例,3个椎体10例(胸椎48个,其中Th1120个,Th1228个;腰椎55个,其中L1和L2各15例,L310例,L45例,L510例)。结果:54例患者,根据WHO疼痛评价标准,术前疼痛分级Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级40例。术后数小时完全缓解45例,术后1周及数周后部分缓解9例。随访半年54例患者手术操作椎体均无复发,患者未发生明显不良反应及并发症。结论:经皮椎体成形术骨水泥治疗老年性骨质疏松症椎体压缩性骨折是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Endovascular Treatment of the Internal Iliac Artery in Peripheral Arterial Disease

In patients with peripheral arterial disease not much is known about the relationship between the localization of the pain and the localization of arterial occlusions in the iliac arteries. Occlusions high in the iliac arteries are assumed to be able to induce pain in the buttocks and upper leg as well as pain in the calves. Several case reports show that the symptoms of arteriosclerotic lesions in the internal iliac artery are often atypical and not easy to diagnose. In this report, 3 patients with internal iliac artery occlusions who were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) are described. One patient had isolated pain in the buttock region. In the other 2 patients the initial pain was focused on the buttock region with extension to the calves during exercise. After PTA, 2 patients were free of symptoms, while in the other patient the symptoms improved but did not disappear. Future research should clarify the relation between certain arterial occlusions and the location of the pain.     

Percutaneous Cryoablation and Vertebroplasty: A Case Report

A 70-year-old man with a painful vertebral metastasis was treated with combined percutaneous cryoablation and vertebroplasty therapy (CVT) in one session. The patient was suffering from diffuse visceral metastasized cholangiocarcinoma. After several weeks of back pain, magnetic resonance imaging documented a single L2 bone metastasis. In consultation with the oncologists, palliative combined CVT was administered with the aim of obtaining pain relief and bone stabilization. In our experience this combined treatment is safe and effective for immediate pain relief in painful bone metastases when other standard palliative treatments have failed.     

Needle tract implantation after percutaneous interventional procedures in hepatocellular carcinomas: lessons learned from a 10-year experience.

Percutaneous interventional procedures under image guidance, such as biopsy, ethanol injection therapy, and radiofrequency ablation play important roles in the management of hepatocellular carcinomas. Although uncommon, the procedures may result in tumor implantation along the needle tract, which is a major delayed complication. Implanted tumors usually appear as one or a few, round or oval-shaped, enhancing nodules along the needle tract on CT, from the intraperitoneum through the intercostal or abdominal muscles to the subcutaneous or cutaneous tissues. Radiologists should understand the mechanisms and risk factors of needle tract implantation, minimize this complication, and also pay attention to the presence of implanted tumors along the needle tract during follow-up.     

腹腔镜超声在肾部分切除术治疗肾门旁中央型小肾癌中的临床价值

目的：探讨腹腔镜超声（LUS）辅助下经腹腔及后腹腔腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）治疗肾门旁中央型肾癌的临床应用价值。方法分析2014年3月至7月收治行LUS辅助下LPN治疗的4例肾门旁中央型小肾癌患者的临床资料,其中2例经腹腔手术入路、2例经后腹腔手术入路,并记录分析手术时间、出血量、术后病理报告及切缘情况。结果 LUS术中示肾癌形态欠规则,边界清,内部回声不均匀,肿瘤内部或周边可探及血流信号,并能显示与集合系统及血管的位置关系,明显优于术前常规超声检查,有助于确定肾肿瘤切除的范围。术后病理证实肾透明细胞癌4例,且所有切缘均阴性。结论 LUS在术中可以动态监测肿瘤位置及其与肾集合系统、肾门血管的位置关系,有助于尽可能保留肾单位,避免集合系统与肾血管的损伤,减少出血量及保证切缘阴性具有重要的临床应用价值。     

椎间孔镜技术治疗复杂类型腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨椎间孔镜（transforaminal endoscopic spine system, TESSYS）技术治疗复杂类型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法采用TESSYS技术,对复杂型腰椎间盘突出症39例（50个椎间盘）进行治疗,其中极外侧突出13例,老年腰椎间盘突出并退变性椎间孔狭窄17例,青少年腰椎间盘突出9例。采用视觉模拟疼痛评分和改良MacNad标准评定手术疗效。结果腰痛及下肢放射痛VAS评分术前为（8.7±1.2）分,术后3 d为（3.5±1.4）分,末次随访（1.5±1.1）分;其差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,改良MacNad标准临床效果评定结果为优28例,良7例,可4例,优良率为90.23%。患者对疼痛缓解满意率为95.2%,至今无复发病例。结论脊柱TESSYS系统是治疗腰椎间盘突出症较为安全有效的新技术,具有创伤小,出血少,视野清晰,操作精准,术后恢复快,安全性能好,手术效果优良等优点。