Long term follow up of through-the-scope balloon dilation as compared to strictureplasty and bowel resection of intestinal strictures in crohn’s disease

Background & aims: Ileo-colonic strictures are common complication of Crohn’s disease (CD), and may result in repeated endoscopic or surgical therapy with a risk of further complications, such as perforation or short bowel syndrome. Strictures develop as a consequence of tissue remodelling and fibrosis due to chronic inflammation. This study compares the outcome of CD patients undergoing primarily endoscopic treatment with those undergoing surgery at an university hospital. Methods: In this study we retrospectively included 88 CD patients with intestinal strictures (37 males, 51 females, mean age 40 years, range 19-65 years) of both our medical and our surgical department, who underwent either surgical or endoscopic therapy between January 2002 and January 2006 with prospective, controlled follow-up, extended till January 2010 (mean follow-up period: 5 years; range 4-8 years). The primary end-point was operation- and symptom-free time. Patients were primarily divided into four groups: only surgical therapy, only endoscopic therapy, endoscopy with subsequent surgery, and initial surgical therapy followed by endoscopic dilations. Results: 53% of all patients remained surgery-free with mean follow-up of 49 months; a single endoscopic dilation was sufficient enough in 9 patients to achieve a surgery-free time of 51 months, other patients required up to 5 dilations. The average interval between first and second dilation was 6.5 months, between second and third 10.5 months. In the group of patients with only endoscopic therapy, surgery- and symptom-free time was shorter, as compared to the group of only surgical therapy. We found that stenoses in the surgical group with an average length of 6.5 cm were as expected longer, as compared to the endoscopic group (3 cm, ranging from 2-4 cm). The surgery-free time was 49 months (42-71 months, P = 0.723) with a symptom-free time of 12 months (4.5-46 months, P = 0.921). In the group of only surgically treated patients, 68.4% of the patients had only one stenosis, 18.4% had 2-3 stenoses and 13.2% more than 3 stenoses. In all patients the surgery- and symptoms- free time was 69 months (57-83 months, P = 0.850 and 0.908). The other two groups showed similar results. We found no significant effect of characteristic of stenosis (length, inflammation, the number of stenoses), injection of prednisolone, disease activity at the time of dilation and medication at the time of dilation on the long-term outcome. Importantly, the success of symptom free time correlated with the diameter of the balloon. Conclusions: Endoscopic dilation should be considered as a first-line therapy for short, accessible, fibrotic strictures. Careful patient selection and proper diagnostic imaging pre-procedure are essential requirements for safe and successful treatment. The balloon diameter seems to correlate positively with the long term outcome of dilation. However, at ever shorter intervals between endoscopic interventions, surgery should be discussed as an option for further treatment.     

Pancreatic fine‐needle aspiration cytology in patients < 35‐years of age: A retrospective review of 174 cases spanning a 17‐year period

Pancreatic lesions in young patients are relatively rare and, to our knowledge, the clinical value of pancreatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) in patients < 35 years of age has not been previously established by any other large retrospective studies. All pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound‐guided FNA (EUS‐FNA) cases performed on patients < 35 years of age were identified for a 17‐year period (1994–2010). All FNAs and all available correlating surgical pathology reports were reviewed. There were a total of 174 cases of pancreatic FNA performed on 109 females and 65 males under the age of 35 (range: 8–34, mean: 27 years). The FNA diagnoses included 37 malignant, 114 negative, nine atypia/suspicious, and 14 cases that were nondiagnostic. Of the 37 malignant FNA cases, the diagnoses included 18 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNeT), 11 solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN), five adenocarcinomas and three metastatic neoplasms. Histologic follow‐up was available in 22 of the 37 malignant cases diagnosed by FNA, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 21 cases. One pancreatoblastoma was misclassified as SPN on EUS‐FNA. False negative diagnoses were noted in three cases of low‐grade mucinous cystic neoplasm and one case of PanNeT. The most common type of neoplasms diagnosed by EUS‐FNA in patients < 35‐year old is PanNeT, followed by SPN with both tumors accounting for 75% of all the neoplasms encountered in this age group. The sensitivity and specificity for positive cytology in EUS‐FNA of the pancreas to identify malignancy and mucinous neoplasms were 90% and 100%, respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:297–301. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

导杆漂移技术在经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的探讨导杆漂移技术在经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)中的有效性、安全性、可行性和应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年10月-2018年12月该科收治的单节段LDH患者48例,分别采用常规穿刺置管(常规组,n=23)和导杆漂移技术置管(导杆组,n=25),根据术前、术后1 d、术后3个月和术后6个月的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分(ODI)和改良MacNab标准评估症状改善程度和临床疗效,比较两组透视次数、穿刺时间和手术时间。结果 48例患者手术均顺利完成并获随访,平均随访时间(12.0±2.3)个月。导杆组中,1例因椎间盘钙化切除不彻底,术后症状无明显改善,另有1例术中发生患侧L5行走神经根不完全性损伤,术后出现下肢肌力减弱。所有患者无硬膜囊、腹腔脏器、血管损伤和感染等并发症发生。常规组中,1例术后3 d因打喷嚏引起复发,分别于术后第5和6天相同入路再次行椎间孔镜手术,翻修后症状完全消失。导杆组透视次数、穿刺时间和手术时间均明显少于常规组(P 0.05)。两组术前术后各时点VAS评分和ODI评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组术后各时点VAS评分和ODI评分与术前比较,均明显降低。末次随访采用改良MacNab标准评价,其中优36例,良7例,可4例,差1例,优良率为89.58%。结论导杆漂移技术应用于经皮椎间孔镜手术中,具有安全、高效和操控性强的优点,能明显减少透视次数和辐射量,缩短穿刺和手术时间,值得临床推广应用。     

经皮椎间孔镜联合射频臭氧消融术治疗合并高信号区腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效

目的观察运用经皮椎间孔镜(PELD)联合射频臭氧消融术治疗合并高信号区(HIZ)腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析该科2016年1月-2018年1月完成PELD联合射频消融手术的患者资料,最终纳入具有完整随访资料的患者37例。其中,男21例,女16例;年龄32～70岁,平均52.5岁。分别于术前、出院时、术后1个月和末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)记录患者腰腿痛情况、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分(ODI)评估腰椎功能改善情况和改良MacNab标准评价患者的手术疗效。结果手术时间60～120 min,平均75 min;出血5～10 mL,平均6 mL。术中无硬膜囊撕裂、脑脊液漏、椎间盘炎等并发症出现;术后3个月1例患者同节段复发,予以椎间孔镜翻修。所有患者随访12～24个月,平均16.8个月。37例患者术前腰、腿痛VAS评分分别为(7.83±1.26)和(8.25±0.23)分、出院时为(2.80±1.34)和(3.07±1.25)分、术后1个月为(2.14±1.15)和(2.38±1.27)分、末次随访为(2.05±0.79)和(1.64±0.52)分;术前ODI评分为(75.31±15.34)分、出院时为(28.14±8.53)分、术后1个月为(16.16±7.58)分、末次随访为(11.42±4.13)分,术前术后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效,其中优30例、良5例、可1例、差1例,优良率为94.59%。结论 PELD联合射频臭氧消融术治疗合并HIZ的LDH疗效确切,患者腰腿痛症状均明显改善,且具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、术后并发症少和安全性高等优点,值得临床推广。     

3D打印技术在复杂肾结石患者经皮肾镜取石术中的应用

目的探讨3D打印技术在复杂肾结石患者经皮肾镜取石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)中的应用研究。方法选取2015年1月至2017年12月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治60例复杂肾结石患者进行前瞻性研究,均拟行PCNL。将60例患者随机分为3D打印组(30例)与常规影像检查组(对照组30例),两组术前均采用泌尿系统造影(CT urography,CTU)检查,3D打印组提取CT的医学数字成像和通信(digital imaging and communications in medicine,DICOM)文件进行3D图形后处理,采用热塑性材料打印获得3D模型,根据3D肾脏模型的综合规划,为每位患者建立一个虚拟的安全可靠的经皮肾通路后执行PCNL。两组患者分别在术前、术中、术后三方面进行比较。术前:年龄、性别、体质量指数、血肌酐、结石大小及结石CT值。术中:(1)目标肾盏定位时间;(2)术前规划穿刺盏与术中实际穿刺盏的符合度;(3)手术完成时间。术后:(1)清石率;(2)术后血红蛋白下降水平;(3)术后恢复情况。结果60例患者均顺利完成手术,30例患者成功打印出3D模型,能准确地表示结石与邻近解剖结构、肾内动脉和集合系统之间的相互关系。3D打印组在目标肾盏定位时间[(2.9±1.5)min与(5.8±1.7)min,P=0.023]、模拟穿刺盏与实际穿刺盏的符合[(89.5±3.5)%与(60.2±5.7)%,P=0.005)、术后清石率[(89.9±4.5)%与(75.9±5.2)%,P=0.009]及血红蛋白下降水平[(1.4±0.5)g/L与(2.9±1.4)g/L,P=0.032]优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义。但两组在手术完成时间及术后恢复情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论3D打印的肾脏模型真实还原了肾脏及结石周围的解剖结构,为医师提供了立体直观的方式进行手术,对于经皮肾镜取石术有指导意义。     

血清生化指标与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性

目的探讨血清生化指标与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。方法选取上海市、武汉市和福州市3家三级甲等综合性医院临床诊断为冠心病且接受冠状动脉造影检查的患者574例,记录患者在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中得到的冠状动脉狭窄程度数据,量化后计算Gensini积分,同时收集患者临床资料并检测血清生化指标,项目包括总胆红素(TB)、直接胆红素(DBil)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、载脂蛋白A1(apo A1)、载脂蛋白B(apo B)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)。采用Logistic回归分析评估各项指标与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。结果高Gensini积分组男性所占比例及TP、Alb、ALT、AST、FPG、HDL-C、Lp(a)、apo A1、apo B、hs-CRP水平与低Gensini积分组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他项目2个组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,Alb降低、AST升高、FPG升高、HDL-C降低、Lp(a)升高及男性为冠状动脉狭窄程度增加的危险因素[比值比(OR)值分别为0.932、1.011、1.121、0.299、1.015、1.753,95%可信区间(CI)分别为0.886~0.98、1.002~1.02、1.024~1.227、0.143~0.624、1.002~1.008、1.110~2.767]。结论FPG和Lp(a)是预测冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的重要风险因素,可用于冠心病患者冠状动脉病变情况的初步判断。AST、Alb和HDL-C能否作为冠状动脉狭窄程度的预测指标仍需进一步研究。     

老年冠心病患者PCI术后衰弱现状调查及影响因素分析

目的探讨老年冠心病患者PCI术后衰弱发生现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2018年7月—2019年7月在江苏省连云港市第二人民医院心内科和连云港市第一人民医院心内科住院并接受PCI治疗的老年冠心病患者300例为研究对象。采用问卷调查法,于PCI术后24 h内收集人口学资料、疾病资料,并使用衰弱评估指数评估患者。结果老年冠心病患者PCI术后衰弱发生率为80.67%(242/300)。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、学历、经济状况、保险情况、婚姻情况、合并疾病种类、心功能分级、放入支架数、以及是否吸烟、饮酒的患者术后衰弱发生情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析结果显示,年龄、学历、经济状况、饮酒、医疗保险情况、合并疾病种类数、心功能分级是老年冠心病患者PCI术后衰弱的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论老年冠心病患者PCI术后衰弱发生率高,临床中应重点加强衰弱评估,对高危人群及早开展风险干预,进而减少老年冠心病患者PCI术后衰弱的发生。     

超声引导PTA在动静脉内瘘狭窄中的应用研究

目的:探究分析超声引导下经皮穿刺腔内血管成型术(PTA)在动静脉内瘘狭窄治疗中的应用效果。方法:选择2017年9月-2019年9月在我院进行超声引导下经皮穿刺腔内血管成型术治疗的78例动静脉内瘘狭窄患者为研究对象,记录技术成功率、临床治疗成功率,并比较治疗前后狭窄处内径、内瘘自然流量以及透析血流量。结果:101例次在超声引导下进行PTA治疗的技术成功率达到97.03%,临床成功率93.07%,且治疗后患者的狭窄处内径、内瘘自然流量以及透析血流量平均值均显著大于术前治疗(P<0.05)。术后有3例局部出现肿胀,经弹力绑带加压包扎后症状消失。结论:超声引导下进行经皮穿刺腔内血管成型术具有操作简单、无辐射、治疗成功率高、并发症少等优点,将其应用于动静脉内瘘狭窄治疗中能够直观观察到动静内瘘血管血流及管腔变化情况,并实时察看导丝、球囊的行进情况,临床应用价值高。     

冠心病介入治疗术后造影剂肾病的药物防治进展

造影剂肾病(CIN)是院内获得性急性肾功能衰竭的主要原因之一,随着经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)广泛深入开展,CIN已成为PCI术后严重并发症,严重影响冠心病患者介入术后预后。如何药物防治冠心病介入术后CIN是目前临床关注的重点。本文对心血管内科具有预防CIN作用的药物进行综述,为临床防治CIN提供一定的指导。