动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响

[目的]探讨供血动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响。[方法]本组16例，脊索瘤7例，骨巨细胞瘤3例，骨转移瘤3例，骨肉瘤2例，神经纤维瘤1例。术前1d行肿瘤血管造影并用明胶海绵进行供血动脉栓塞。与对照组（结扎双侧髂内动脉骨盆肿瘤切除术）比较，观察其对术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后下床时间、伤口愈合时间及术后各种功能恢复的影响。[结果]骨盆肿瘤切除术前肿瘤供血动脉栓塞与结扎双侧髂内动脉比较，除术中出血量外（P〉0．05），手术、住院、术后下床及伤口愈合时间在统计学上均有非常显著性差异（P〈0．001），而且结扎双侧髂内动脉可能对患者的性功能、排便功能等存在着不良的影响。[结论]肿瘤供血动脉栓塞骨盆肿瘤切除术可大大缩短手术、住院、术后下床、伤口愈合时间，且能更好地保护盆腔内外各组织器官的血运，从而避免其功能的损害。     

Female pelvic floor. Descriptive anatomy and clinical exploration by transvaginal ultrasound

In order to assess the state and pathology of the woman's pelvis minor, a number of methods are commonly used among practitioners, encompassing clinical exploration, radiology, MRN, urodynamics, endoscopy and echography.

Echography has been poorly used in clinical pelvic exploration and its reliability is actually a matter of controversy 1. However, echographic surveys can provide us with valuable gynecological data on the state and pathologies of the soft pelvis, within the genital regions or even going beyond them, i.e. the rectal channel, bladder, urethra, anus, vascular plexuses, and all of their supporting tissues.

At our research unit, we have been employing Transvaginal Ultrasound echography (TVU) for a long time in conjunction with other pelvis-focused methods in order to study different kinds of pelvic alterations. TVU has proven to be friendly to use, fast, harmless and inexpensive, allowing serial explorations and producing high-quality dynamic images (loop-cinema, video-tape). Furthermore, this method is fairly aseptic in that the occurrence of faeces in the rectal ampolla is not a nuisance but a bonus in tracking the contours of the rectum walls and other topographical features which would be otherwise difficult to survey.

A complete pelvic floor TVU may add no longer than 5-8 minutes to a routine gynecological examination, can be implemented by the general gynecologist and generates data that can be further studied by the appropriate specialist for a more insightful evaluation 2.     

Allergen content in dust from homes and schools in northern Norway in relation to sensitization and allergy symptoms in schoolchildren

Background Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of atopic diseases among school children in the community of Sør-Varanger. Moreover, animal dander followed by pollen und house dust mite, were the most common allergens in skin prick tests. Objective To assess the allergen content in homes (living-rooms and mattresses) and classrooms of children living in an arctic area at 70° north. The presence of allergens in homes and schools and their relationship to atopy was of particular interest. Methods Dust samples from 38 homes and seven schools in northern Norway were collected by vacuum cleaning. The presence of allergens of dog, birch, timothy, Cladosporium herbanun, codfish and hen egg-white was investigated by radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) inhibition and the presence of major allergens of cat Felis domesticus (Fel d I) and house dust mites (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Derp I) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Derf I) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Mattresses contained significantly more dust per unit area than living-rooms and classrooms. No statistically significant differences in allergen content for dog. birch, timothy, Cladosporium, codfish and hen egg-white were seen between HDM-sensitized and non-atopic children. Most dust samples contained dog allergens with the highest allergenic activity found in living-rooms of those keeping dogs. An increased level of Feld I was detected in only one of 38 samples from living-rooms (this family kept a cat) and in 25 of 38 samples from mattresses with ranges from 24 to 84ng/m². The highest concentrations were found in mattresses of children keeping cats. Increased levels ( 25 ng/m²) of Derp I were found only in homes and virtually only in mattresses of HDM-sensitized children. An increased level of Derf] was found in only one case, i.e. in the mattress of an HDM-sensitized child where additionally Der p I and HDMs were demonstrated microscopically. When relating Der p I to HDMsensitization an odds ratio of more than 16 (95% Cl: 1.6–394.3) was found. All extracts from living-rooms included codfish allergens. Low RAST inhibition values were detected for hen egg-white, Cladosporium, birch and timothy pollen in most samples. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that dust from schools was relatively free of allergens. Conclusion Previous findings indicating that the main allergen exposure problem in this geographical area is that of pet allergens were confirmed.     

Pelvic Ring Fractures: Utility of Clinical Examination in Patients with Impaired Consciousness or Tracheal Intubation

Abstract Objective: To define the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in patients with impaired consciousness or endotracheal intubation to detect pelvic ring fractures and to identify those with severe bleeding. Methods: Included in this prospective data collection with retrolective data analysis were a consecutive series of blunt trauma victims with either a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 13 or tracheal intubation. Clinical examination comprised testing for stability of the iliac wings. Results: From 784 subjects (injury severity score 23.3 ± 17.4) 93 patients (11.9%) were found to have a pelvic ring fracture. Clinical instability of the pelvic ring was found in 42 patients. There was only one false positive. Fifty-two fractures could not be identified by clinical examination, including nine fractures (17%) that required surgical fracture stabilization (sensitivity of clinical examination 44.1%). Seventeen fractures (18.3%) were associated with a blood loss larger than 20% of circulating blood volume. Sixteen of those were identified by clinical instability of the pelvic ring (sensitivity 94.1%, specificity 97.0%, positive predictive value 38.1%, negative predictive value 99.9%). Conclusions: Clinical examination for stability of the pelvis in this selected group of patients missed a significant number of pelvic ring fractures including fractures that require surgical stabilization. The finding of a clinically unstable identifies most of the patients with the pelvic ring fracture being a major source of bleeding. A stable pelvis makes pelvic ring fracture as being the source of bleeding quite unlikely.     

切开复位内固定治疗骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折

目的探讨骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折手术治疗方法。方法切开复位内固定治疗52例骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折。前骨盆经Plan—nenstiel入路固定9例，Pfannenstiel入路结合部分髂腹般沟入路固定43例。37例行骨盆重建钢板固定，骨盆重建钢板固定结合耻骨上支髓内螺钉固定9例，6例2块骨盆重建钢板固定。后环37例经患侧髂嵴入路以骨盆重建钢板固定。8例骶骨骨折行骶髂关节螺钉固定。7例未行后骨盆固定。结果平均随访18个月。全部骨性愈合，无下肢不等长，骨盆畸形基本纠正。按Majeed疗效评定标准优良率为93．8％。结论通过前后联合入路，切开复位治疗骨盆桶柄样Tilt骨折疗效满意，并可防止远近期并发症的发生。     

保留盆腔植物神经对老年男性患者术后性功能及排尿功能的影响

目的:探讨保留盆腔植物神经的直肠癌手术对老年男性患者性功能及排尿功能的影响。方法:1999~2005年因直肠癌手术的170例老年男性患者分为PANP组(含规范的TME手术方法)和非PANP(TME规范情况不详),对两组术后性功能、排尿功能和局部复发率进行回顾性总结、比较。结果:PANP组性功能与排尿功能明显优于非PANP组,但统计学无显著差异(P<0.05)。而PANP组局部复发率低于非PANP组(P>0.05)。结论:老年直肠癌患者应重视性功能和排尿功能的保护。     

Single fiber electromyography of extraocular muscles: A sensitive method for the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis

We performed single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in the superior rectus and levator palpebralis (SR-LP) muscles of 17 patients with pure ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) and 9 controls. Thirteen patients were also assessed with SFEMG in the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle. All the MG patients but none of the control subjects showed abnormal SFEMG jitter in the SR-LP muscles. On the other hand, only 62% of the MG patients had abnormal SFEMG jitter in the OO muscle. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients, and complications were minor. We conclude that SFEMG of the SR–LP muscles is a safe and highly sensitive technique for the diagnosis of ocular MG. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Possible mechanisms related to contraction of the bovine iris sphincter in the presence of acetylcholine and carbachol

Using tension-recording methods, we compared the effects of acetylcholine (Ach) and carbachol on the bovine iris sphincter. The isolated muscle strips were mounted in a 0.2 ml organ bath, through which Krebs solution at 36 °C flowed continuously. There was a tenthousandfold difference in potency between carbachol and Ach in this tissue. Neostigmine or eserine, acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors, produced a larger contraction of the muscle than did Ach. Ach-induced contractions were potentiated by low doses of anti-AchEs and were inhibited by atropine.This in vitro study suggests that Ach and/or endogenous chemical agents may be spontaneously released from tissues and that AchE activities in this tissue strongly inhibit or mask the Ach action, probably in order to protect the nerve terminals from released Ach.