Separate training of hemispheres to perform visual discrimination in conditions of blocking of interhemisphere transmission by masking

Subjects were trained to discriminate three figures presented in the left field of vision and three other figures presented in the right field of vision. In these conditions, the two hemispheres usually show identical learning to discriminate the sets of stimuli because the hemispheres in healthy humans can exchange information. In the present study, training was performed in conditions in which, during presentation of stimuli, the opposite visual hemifield was covered by a mask. After training, the recognition of all six figures was compared by presenting them to the left and right visual fields. Each hemisphere recognized figures presented to the cognate hemifield but completely or very nearly failed to recognize figures learned by the other hemisphere. The mask would thus appear to block (completely or partially) the transmission of information from one hemisphere to the other. Thus, it was possible to train the hemispheres separately to recognize different sets of images in healthy subjects.Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 89, No. 10, pp. 1177–1183, October, 2003.     

Functional asymmetry of the brain and bone marrow in hemopoiesis in (CBAxC57Bl/6)F(1) mice

The role of functional asymmetry of the brain and bone marrow in the formation of exogenous 8-day splenic CFU was studied in (CBA×C57Bl/6)F1 mice. The intensity of hemopoiesis depended on the motor asymmetry of donors and recipients of bone marrow cells and differed for bone marrow transplantations from the right and left femoral bones.     

Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Bilateral Skin Conductance

Bilateral skin conductance was recorded from 8 male and 8 female cigarette smokers and from 8 male and 8 female nonsmoker control subjects on two different days. On one day smokers smoked a cigarette prior to the recording session and on the other they remained abstinent. Subjects also engaged in tasks designed to differentially involve the cerebral hemispheres. SCR asymmetry was measured using two different indices. During both the resting and task periods smokers had larger SCRs in their right than left hands following smoking. Unlike control subjects during the first recording session, smokers did not show task related changes in SCR asymmetry. During tasks smokers showed smaller SCRs in both hands following smoking than following abstinence. Changes in SCR asymmetry associated with smoking were seen in subjects who smoked more cigarettes, reported more subjective craving, were more introverted, and indicated a preference for cognitive processes and strategies associated with the left hemisphere. Results are discussed in terms of relative involvement of the cerebral hemispheres following smoking and smoking abstinence.     

Hemispheric Prevalence Changes in Partial Epileptic Patients on Perceptual and Attentional Tasks

In relation to the general issue of the long-term effects of epileptic activity on the higher nervous functions, monohemispheric epileptic patients--divided into "lesional" [i.e., with computed tomography (CT) scan-visible lesions] and "nonlesional" (i.e., with CT scan-nonvisible lesions)--were submitted to dichotic verbal and tonal tasks, dichoptic verbal and spatial tasks, and a visual tachistoscopic attentional task. The aim was to investigate whether the typical patterns of hemispheric prevalence, which were observed in normal subjects by using these tests, undergo significant changes in epileptic patients. The findings versus normal subjects seem to demonstrate that (a) in lesional epileptic patients, the prevalence of the hemisphere without macroscopic lesions is a constant rule, whether or not this hemisphere is prevalent in normal subjects; (b) in nonlesional epileptic patients, the patterns are the following: when the epileptic hemisphere is the one that is prevalent in normal subjects, its prevalence is enhanced, whichever the hemisphere; when the epileptic hemisphere is not the hemisphere prevalent in normal subjects, the left one attracts and maintains prevalence, whereas the right one reduces and variously interferes with contralateral prevalence. It is concluded that, with respect to the functions tested, the nature of the epileptic foci seems to influence markedly the interhemispheric prevalence pattern.     

产后妇女盆底肌损伤发生情况调查研究

目的 探讨产后妇女盆底肌功能情况并分析造成妇女产后盆底肌损伤的相关因素,为预防妇女因生产造成盆底肌损伤提供科学依据。方法 以2019年1月至2020年11月在湖南省长沙市和株洲市各1家医院产科进行6~8周产后复查的产妇为研究对象进行资料收集及盆底肌力测定,采用描述流行病学分析方法进行盆底肌力异常情况分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对产后妇女盆底肌异常影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共对1 628名产妇进行调查,年龄22~38岁,平均（29.68±5.36）岁;孕次1~5次,平均孕次（2.43±1.16）次;产次1~5次,以1~2次为主,占72.4%。检出1 142例产后6~8周产妇为盆底肌力异常,异常率为70.2%。年龄30~38岁（OR=3.766）、产次≥3次（OR=2.633）、阴道分娩（OR=7.478）、孕期增重过多（OR=1.597 ）及胎儿出生体重≥4 kg（OR=5.078）的产后妇女盆底肌力异常的风险较高。结论 湖南省产后妇女盆底肌力异常率较高,年龄、产次、分娩方式、孕期增重及胎儿体质量是造成产妇产后发生盆底肌损伤的重要原因,应采取相应措施,降低产后妇女发生盆底肌损伤风险。     

旋后肩法处置肩难产对产妇分娩后盆底肌功能改善的临床研究

目的探讨旋后肩法用于肩难产产妇,对其产后盆底肌功能的改善作用。 方法选择2018年7月至2020年1月,在宁波市妇女儿童医院采用旋后肩法完成肩难产助产的28例产妇为研究对象,并纳入研究组。选取同期在本院分娩,采用耻骨联合上加压法完成肩难产助产的25例产妇纳入对照组。采用表面肌电图(sEMG),获取2组产妇分娩8周后盆底肌收缩运动肌电值。采用成组t检验,对2组产妇一般临床资料、盆底sEMG检测结果进行统计学分析。采用χ²检验,对2组产妇分娩巨大儿所占比例等进行统计学分析。本研究遵循的程序符合病例收集医院伦理委员会制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准[审批文号：[2018]伦审字(28)号]。与所有受试者签署临床研究知情同意书。 结果①2组产妇身高、体重,分娩时人体质量指数(BMI)、孕龄、年龄等一般临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②2组产妇分娩新生儿的出生体重和巨大儿所占比例分别比较,差异亦均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③研究组产妇前基线值、快肌收缩最大值、混合肌收缩最大值、混合肌收缩平均值、耐力肌收缩平均值、后基线值分别为(1.4±0.3) μV、(23.8±5.5) μV、(19.9±3.4) μV、(17.2±2.9) μV、(13.7±3.0) μV、(1.3±0.3) μV,均超过对照组的(1.3± 0.3) μV、(20.6±4.4) μV、(17.7±3.3) μV、(14.2±4.1) μV、(11.8±3.4) μV、(1.1±0.3) μV,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而2组产妇耐力肌收缩最大值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论旋后肩法用于肩难产产妇助产,较传统耻骨联合上加压法,可改善产妇产后短期内的盆底肌功能。     

新式阴道前、后壁联合修补术临床分析

目的探讨新式阴道前、后壁联合修补术治疗盆腔脏器脱垂(POP)的临床效果。方法选择2017年1月至2021年1月,于南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院接受手术治疗的120例POP患者为研究对象。根据采用的手术方式,将其分为研究组(n=60,采用新式阴道前、后壁联合修补术)及对照组(n=60,采用腹腔镜下全子宫双侧附件切除术+传统阴道前、后壁修补术)。采用独立样本t检验及χ^(2)检验,对2组患者一般临床资料,术中及术后情况进行统计学比较。本研究经南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院医学伦理委员会批准(审批文号:YX-P-2020-023-01)。所有患者知情同意并与之签署临床研究知情同意书。结果①2组POP患者年龄、人体质量指数(BMI)、产次、绝经者比例及POP脱垂程度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②研究组POP患者手术时间、术中出血量、总住院时间、术后住院时间及住院费用分别为(88.0±30.6)min、(24.7±36.0)mL、(7.3±2.1)d、(4.6±1.4)d及(10727±1812)元,均短于或低于对照组的(118.0±33.4)min、(56.7±43.8)mL、(9.8±2.3)d、(6.4±1.6)d及(26318±3890)元,并且差异均有统计学意义(t=5.130、4.372、6.218、6.558、28.138,均为P<0.001)。2组POP患者术后3、6、12个月复发率构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新式阴道前、后壁联合修补术在不增加POP患者术后复发率的基础上,不仅能缩短手术时间、减少患者术中出血量,还可以缩短住院时间、减少住院费用,并且易于操作,适宜推广。     

复杂性面骨骨折的处理

（1）目的 探讨复杂性面骨骨折临床治疗方法及效果。（2）方法 对18例面骨多处骨折或多发。陈旧性骨折的病人采用冠状切口加口内切口、面部小切口加口内切口相结合的术式及正颌外科,微小夹板固定技术。进行再骨折复位或截骨复位、固定。（3）结果 全部病人术后张口无受限,咬He关系良好,功能及形态满意,复视消失,2例出现再次脑脊液鼻漏,经7-8d后愈合。无其他严重并发症出现。（4）结论 复杂性面骨骨折应选择合适时机,根据病情采用不同的术式治疗,可达到满意的效果。     

Higher altitude leads to increased risk of venous thromboembolism after acetabular and pelvic ring injury

IntroductionThere is a high post-operative incidence of venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), specifically deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), in pelvic ring and acetabular fractures, and identification of risk factors for VTEs is crucial to decrease this highly morbid complication. High altitudes have a known physiological effect on the body that may predispose patients to developing VTEs in the postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pelvic ring and acetabular fractures occurring at high altitudes and the development of postoperative VTEs.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the Truven MarketScan claims database was used to identify patients who underwent surgical fixation of a pelvic ring and/or acetabular fracture from January 2009 to December 2018 using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Patient characteristics, including medical comorbidities, were collected. The zip codes of where the surgeries took place were used to determine recovery altitude and patients were separated into either the high altitude (>4000 feet) or low altitude (<100 feet) cohorts. Chi-squared and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between altitude and the development of VTE postoperatively.ResultsIn total, 68,923 patients were included for analysis. At 30-days postoperatively, a higher altitude was associated with increased odds of developing a PE (OR 1.47, p = 0.019). At 90-days postoperatively, a higher altitude was associated with increased odds of DVT (OR 1.24, p = 0.029) and PE (OR 1.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionSurgical fixation of pelvic ring and acetabular fractures performed at a higher altitude (>4,000feet) are associated with increased odds of developing a PE in the first 30 days as well as developing a DVT or PE at 90 days postoperatively. Future prospective studies are needed to further elucidate the causality of altitude on the development of postoperative VTEs.     

盆腔淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏和淋巴囊肿的研究进展

淋巴漏和淋巴囊肿是泌尿外科盆腔淋巴结清扫术后常见的并发症,临床定义不明确,治疗方案多样而效果不确切,相关研究较少,无相关诊疗指南。本文主要对泌尿外科盆腔淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏和淋巴囊肿的发生机制、高危因素、临床诊断、治疗方案和预防措施等方面进行综述。淋巴漏和淋巴囊肿发生机制包括淋巴液漏出和渗出;高危因素有高龄、开放手术和围手术期使用抗凝药物等;大部分患者通过营养管理、经皮导管硬化治疗等保守治疗可治愈;预防措施以封闭淋巴管及残端为主。