男性直肠癌直肠系膜切除术中保留盆腔自主神经对排尿及性功能影响的研究

目的 探讨男性直肠癌直肠系膜切除术(TME)保留盆腔自主神经(PANP)对排尿功能及性功能的影响.方法 男性直肠癌患者240例,分为PANP组120例,行TME术并保留盆腔自主神经;对照组120例,不保留盆腔自主神经.统计学比较2组患者术后排尿功能及性功能、3年生存率和局部复发率. 结果PANP组术后排尿功能障碍发生率为30.8%、术后勃起功能障碍发生率为28.3%、术后射精功能障碍发生率为34.2%,对照组分别为55.0%、60.0%、62.5%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);PANP组术后3年局部复发率和生存率分别为9.4%、75.0%,对照组为9.0%、65.0%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 男性直肠癌TME术中PANP可以明显改善患者的排尿功能和性功能,提高患者的术后生活质量,且不影响治疗效果.     

保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术对排尿功能的影响

目的：讨论保留自主神经的直肠癌根治术对排尿功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析全直肠系膜切除术结合盆腔自主神经保护（TME＋PANP组）和全直肠系膜切除术（TME组）术前7 d、术后14 d尿流动力学变化,评估对排尿功能的影响,其主要指标有：最大尿流率、最大尿流率时排尿压、膀胱容积、残余尿量。结果：TME＋PANP组：最大尿流率：术前（19.7±6.6）mL/s,术后（14.2±6.0）mL/s,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;最大尿流率时的排尿压：术前（35.3±20.3）cm H2O,术后（33.1±18.6）cm H2O,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;膀胱剩余容积：术前（358±35）mL,术后（342±39）mL,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;残余尿量：术前（9.4±5.7）mL,术后（11.1±8.4）mL,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。TME组：最大尿流率：术前（17.8±6.2）mL/s,术后（12.5±5.4）mL/s,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;最大尿流率时的排尿压：术前（32.8±18.2）cm H2O,术后（25.4±17.5）cm H2O,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;膀胱剩余容积：术前（354±38）mL,术后（297±40）mL,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;平均残余尿量：术前（9.8±6.1）mL,术后（10.2±7.9）mL,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。TME＋PANP组与TME组术后比较：术后最大尿流率、最大尿流率时排尿压、膀胱剩余容积,TME＋PANP组均大于TME组,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：保留盆腔自主神经的直肠癌根治术可以较好地改善排尿功能。     

前列腺癌根治术中盆腔淋巴结清扫的意义及并发症防治

目的 探讨前列腺癌根治术中盆腔淋巴结清扫的意义及并发症的防治措施. 方法 对239例接受前列腺癌根治性切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.患者平均年龄68(48～79)岁.Gleason评分>7者87例,占36.8%;PSA>20 ng/ml者117例,占48.9%.满足上述其中一项的高危患者148例,占61.9%.患者术前均诊断为临床局限性前列腺癌,术中盆腔淋巴结清扫范围包括双侧闭孔及髂外静脉旁淋巴结.淋巴结阳性患者术后均予全雄阻断内分泌治疗并随访其生化复发时间.结果双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫术平均手术时间20(15～35)min,平均出血量20(5～45)ml.术中未发生重要血管及神经损伤.清扫淋巴结数目1～23枚,中位数为7枚.术后中位住院天数16 d.清扫术后引流管拔除时间4～36 d,中位数为7 d.术后留置引流管<8 d者178例,占74.5%;>14 d、延长术后住院时间者20例,占9.4%.盆腔淋巴结阳性29例,阳性率12.1%;阳性淋巴结中位数1枚.与盆腔淋巴结清扫相关的术后早期并发症主要有下肢深静脉血栓、淋巴囊肿、淋巴漏、盆腔感染等.淋巴结阳性患者中位无进展生存期为10个月. 结论 盆腔淋巴结清扫可以检出难以发现的淋巴结转移,有助于对前列腺癌进行准确分期,不显著延长手术时间.随着术者技术的提高及手术方法的改进,并发症发生率会逐渐下降.     

Ten-year mortality among hospitalised patients with fractures of the pubic rami

In a case-control study, 99 patients aged over 60 years and admitted to hospital with an isolated single fracture of the pubic ramus were compared with age- and gender-matched patients without fractures, in terms of morbidity and mortality. Ten years of follow-up showed that the survival of patients with an isolated pubic ramus fracture was significantly lower than that of controls. The mortality rates of patients with isolated pubic ramus fractures at 1, 5 and 10 years were 24.7%, 64.4% and 93.8%, respectively. One-third of the mortality was due to cardiovascular events. A 20.2% complication rate was found during hospital admission, mainly caused by infectious diseases, including urinary tract infection and pneumonia. Thirty-three percent of the patients were temporarily or permanently admitted to a nursing home, because they were unable to mobilise independently.In conclusion, our study found significant morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to hospital for an isolated pubic ramus fracture, both during hospital admission and during 10 years of follow-up.     

Endometriosis in Adolescents

Background and Objectives:

Women with endometriosis often report onset of symptoms during adolescence; however, the diagnosis of endometriosis is often delayed. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of adolescents who underwent laparoscopy for pelvic pain and were diagnosed with endometriosis: specifically, the symptoms, time from onset of symptoms to correct diagnosis, number and type of medical professionals seen, diagnosis, treatment, and postoperative outcomes.

Methods:

We reviewed a series of 25 females ≤21 years of age with endometriosis diagnosed during laparoscopy for pelvic pain over an 8-year period. These patients were followed up for 1 year after surgery.

Results:

The mean age at the time of surgery was 17.2 (2.4) years (range, 10–21). The most common complaints were dysmenorrhea (64%), menorrhagia (44%), abnormal/irregular uterine bleeding (60%), ≥1 gastrointestinal symptoms (56%), and ≥1 genitourinary symptoms (52%). The mean time from the onset of symptoms until diagnosis was 22.8 (31.0) months (range, 1–132). The median number of physicians who evaluated their pain was 3 (2.3) (range, 1–12). The adolescents had stage I (68%), stage II (20%), and stage III (12%) disease. Atypical endometriosis lesions were most commonly observed during laparoscopy. At 1 year, 64% reported resolved pain, 16% improved pain, 12% continued pain, and 8% recurrent pain.

Conclusions:

Timely referral to a gynecologist experienced with laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis is critical to expedite care for adolescents with pelvic pain. Once the disease is diagnosed and treated, these patients have favorable outcomes with hormonal and nonhormonal therapy.     

The operative treatment of pressure sores in the pelvic region: A 10-year period overview

Context

Pelvic region pressure sores often develop following spinal cord injury. Surgery is often necessary for long standing, large-sized pressure sores not responding to conservative treatment. Authors analyze their results of a 10-year period, and identify factors contributing to the reduction of the recurrence rate.

Methods

A total of 119 pressure sores were operated on 98 patients in two institutions during a 10-year period (1 January 2003 to 31 December 2012). The encountered perioperative complications are summarized, and the recurrence rate is analyzed with a patient follow-up questionnaire.

Results

We experienced 15 perioperative complications (12.6%). All complications were fully resolved by conservative treatment. Fifty-eight returned patient replies were processed. The average follow-up time after surgery was 5.2 years. The recurrence rate was 5.47%.

Conclusion

The strict adherence to surgical indications, full patient compliance, specialized pre- and post-operative patient care, our routinely used preferred surgical method, all contribute to a low post-operative complication rate, long-term flap survival, and an extended recurrence free period.     

Clinically applied anatomy of the pelvis

The bony pelvis is an irregular but complete bony ring made up of the right and left hip bones anterolaterally and the sacrococcygeal part of the vertebral column posteriorly. The two hip bones are firmly united anteriorly at the pubic symphysis, and together constitute the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle articulates with the femoral heads and thereby connects the vertebral column (axial skeleton) to the two femora (appendicular skeleton). The main functions of the pelvic girdle are to transmit weight from the upper body to the lower limbs during locomotion and while standing, and to support the weight of the upper body when seated or stationary. Another important function of the bony pelvis is to provide attachment for the powerful muscles (e.g. gluteal muscles) that act on the lower limb and those muscles that support the abdominal wall. The bony pelvis also provides ample protection to the many delicate viscera, vessels and nerves that lie within the pelvic cavity. Successful orthopaedic management of disruptions of the bony pelvis and management of associated injuries to intrapelvic viscera require a sound appreciation of the anatomy of the pelvic ring and pelvic cavity.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中应用盆腔腹膜关闭技术的疗效研究

目的:探讨盆腔腹膜关闭技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术应用的疗效.方法:回顾性分析201 2年1月至201 6年5月我院54例腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中行盆底腹膜关闭患者和57例未行盆底腹膜关闭患者的临床资料.结果:盆腔腹膜关闭组与盆腔腹膜未关闭组在手术时间、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后进食时间以及盆腔引流管拔除时间等方面...     

Hemispheric specialization for processing auditory nonspeech stimuli

The left hemisphere specialization for speech perception might arise from asymmetries at more basic levels of auditory processing. In particular, it has been suggested that differences in "temporal" and "spectral" processing exist between the hemispheres. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to test this hypothesis further. Fourteen healthy volunteers listened to sequences of alternating pure tones that varied in the temporal and spectral domains. Increased temporal variation was associated with activation in Heschl's gyrus (HG) bilaterally, whereas increased spectral variation activated the superior temporal gyrus (STG) bilaterally and right posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS). Responses to increased temporal variation were lateralized to the left hemisphere; this left lateralization was greater in posteromedial HG, which is presumed to correspond to the primary auditory cortex. Responses to increased spectral variation were lateralized to the right hemisphere specifically in the anterior STG and posterior STS. These findings are consistent with the notion that the hemispheres are differentially specialized for processing auditory stimuli even in the absence of linguistic information.