Liver impairment after portacaval shunt in the rat: the loss of protective role of mast cells?

Mast cells are involved in various liver diseases and appear to play a broader pathogenic role than originally thought. They may participate in the splanchnic alterations related to a porto-systemic shunt. To verify this hypothesis we studied the serum and hepatic histological changes in rats four weeks after an end-to-side portacaval shunt. In this experimental model of chronic liver insufficiency we also assessed the mucosal mast cells (MMC) and connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) in the liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and small intestine, as well as the serum levels of rat mast cell protease-II (RMCP-II). The results show liver and testes atrophy, with hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.0001), hyperbilirubinemia (p = 0.0001) and increase in aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.004) and alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.0001). Hepatic histopathology demonstrates hepatocytic necrosis and apoptosis, portal inflammation, biliary proliferation, steatosis and fibrosis. There is a decrease of MMCs and CTMCs in the liver, while in the ileum CTMCs increase and MMCs decrease. These results suggest the involvement of mast cells in the pathophysiological splanchnic impairments in this experimental model. In particular, the decreased number of liver mast cells may be associated with the hepatic atrophy. If this is the case, we propose that the disruption of the hepato-intestinal axis after a portocaval shunt in the rat could inhibit the ability of the liver to developing an appropriate repair response mediated by mast cells.     

Formation of post-confluence structure in human parotid gland acinar cells on PLGA through regulation of E-cadherin

As a potential solution for patients to retrieve their lost salivary gland functions, tissue engineering of an auto-secretory device is profoundly needed. Under serum-free environment, primary human parotid gland acinar (PGAC) cells can be obtained. After reaching confluence, PGAC cells spontaneously form three-dimension (3D) cell aggregations, termed post-confluence structure (PCS), and change their behaviors. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been widely used in the field of biomedical applications because of its biodegradable properties for desired functions. Nonetheless, the role of PLGA in facilitating PGAC cells to form PCS has seldom been explored to recover epithelial characteristics. In this study, PGAC cells were found to have a greater tendency to form PCS on PLGA than on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). By tracing cell migration paths and modulating E-cadherin activity with specific inhibitor or antibody, we demonstrated that the static force of homophilic interaction on surfaces of individual cells, but not the dynamics of cell migration, played a more important role in PCS formation. Thus, PLGA was successfully confirmed to support PGAC cells to form more PCS through the effects on enhancing E-cadherin expression, which is associated with FAK/ILK/Snail expression in PGAC cells. This result indicates that selective appropriate biomaterials may be potentially useful in generating 3D PCS on two-dimension (2D) substrate without fabricating a complex 3D scaffold.     

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咀嚼是口颌系统的基本生理功能,优势咀嚼侧功能的健全是保证良好咀嚼功能发挥的必要条件之一。本文结合国内外学者的研究现状,对优势咀嚼侧的发生及影响因素、优势咀嚼侧的测定方法及评价指标等进行回顾和总结。     

局域性药物灌注栓塞联合微量泵滴注治疗膀胱癌

目的探讨经动脉进行化疗药物局域性灌注、栓塞联合微量泵滴注在膀胱癌治疗中的作用。方法对43例膀胱癌患者用5F—Cobra导管行单侧股动脉穿刺双侧髂内动脉造影,进行区域性化疗药物灌注、栓塞并用微量泵行区域性化疗药物滴注。结果动脉造影表现为肿瘤血供丰富,肿瘤血管增粗、分支增多、迂曲;近期疗效：CR19例,DR17例,临床有效率为83．7％。结论区域性化疗药物灌注、栓塞联合微量泵滴注是肿瘤膀胱癌的一种有效方法。     

双介入治疗糖尿病足的临床研究

目的:探讨经皮腔内成形术(PTA)联合经皮动脉穿刺导管药盒系统(PCS)治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效。方法:60例糖尿病足患者,行PTA术治疗后,再于皮下植入动脉药盒系统,并经动脉连接导管系统行前列地尔注射液、丹参注射液灌注治疗。14天为1疗程,共治疗2个疗程。治疗前后测定踝臂指数(ABI)。结果:全部糖尿病足患者,治愈38例,有效20例,无效2例,总有效率96.7%。治疗前ABI为0.32±0.11,治疗后ABI为0.76±0.14,(治疗前后比较P=0.000)。结论:PTA联合PCS灌注药物对糖尿病足有明显治疗作用,疗效满意,能有效改善下肢血液循环。     

玉米须多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤抑制作用及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 考察玉米须多糖对H22肝癌腹水瘤及实体瘤的抑制作用,及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 建立H22腹水与实体型肿瘤模型,测定荷瘤小鼠的生命延长率、肿瘤抑制率、胸腺指数、脾指数、碳粒廓清率、血清溶血素、白介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)等指标.结果 玉米须多糖高剂量可改善腹水瘤小鼠的生活质量,生命延长率达到35.82％;且对H22实体瘤小鼠具有显著的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率达到34.78％;玉米须多糖高剂量能明显提高H22荷瘤小鼠廓清指数和吞噬指数,并能显著提高血清中溶血素、IL-2和TNF-α的含量(P＜0.05).结论 玉米须多糖具有显著的抗肿瘤活性,可能是通过调节机体免疫功能来发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

颅脑损伤后综合征患者的心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的 探讨颅脑损伤后综合征（PCS）的心理健康水平以及影响因素.方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）测定50例PCS患者的个性特征及心理健康水平;并对年龄、性别、个性特征、文化程度、职业满意度、家庭满意度、病程长短对PCS患者的心理健康影响进行分析.结果 PCS患者的个性特征与正常人无差异（P＞0.05）,但心理健康水平比中国人常模差（P＜0.01）;职业及家庭满意度差、女性、个性神经质、个性精神质、个性内向倾向以及文化程度低与PCS患者的心理健康水平呈相关性（P＜0.05）.结论 PCS患者有着不良的心理障碍;其心理障碍与职业满意度、家庭满意度、神经质、精神质、内外向、性别及文化程度有相关性.     

Long‐term remission of bilateral Wilms tumors that developed from premature separation of chromatids/mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome due to bilateral nephrectomy and peritoneal dialysis

We report a 38‐month‐old Japanese male with premature chromatid separation/mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome bearing biallelic BUB1B germline mutations who suffered from bilateral Wilms tumor. After right nephrectomy, dactinomycin monotherapy was administered for the left Wilms tumor; however, severe adverse reaction prevented the patient from receiving further chemotherapy. Left nephrectomy was then performed without postoperative chemotherapy. The patient survived for 15 months after bilateral nephrectomy without peritoneal relapse, metastasis of Wilms tumor, or the occurrence of rhabdomyosarcoma and maintained a good quality of life while receiving peritoneal dialysis at home.