Pathological Substratum for a Case of Fulminant Myocarditis Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Subsequent Heart Transplantation

Fulminant myocarditis has been defined as the clinical manifestation of cardiac inflammation with rapid-onset heart failure and cardiogenic shock. We report on the case of a 23-yr-old woman with pathology-proven fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis presenting shock with elevated cardiac troponin I and ST segments in V_1-2, following sustained ventricular tachycardia and a complete atrioventricular block. About 55 min of intensive cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, bridged the patient to orthotopic heart transplantation. The explanted heart revealed diffuse lymphocytic infiltration and myocyte necrosis in all four cardiac chamber walls. Aggressive mechanical circulatory support may be an essential bridge for recovery or even transplantation in patients with fulminant myocarditis with shock.

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Do different positions affect the oxygen saturation and comfort level of children under five with pneumonia?

Objective

Children with pneumonia need a correct position to increase their oxygen saturation and comfort level. Postural changes affect the function of the human body and disease conditions. This study aimed to identify the effect of prone and semirecumbent positions on the oxygen saturation and comfort level of children under five with pneumonia.

左心室辅助装置与体外膜肺氧合治疗1例心力衰竭患者的护理

总结左心室辅助装置与体外膜肺氧合治疗1例心力衰竭患者的护理经验。护理要点包括：血栓预防与出血控制、超声引导下心功能监测的护理配合、预防感染、早期运动康复护理、针对性心理护理。该患者经过精心治疗与护理,25 d后由ICU转入普通病房。     

A Simplified Formula Using Early Blood Gas Analysis Can Predict Survival Outcomes and the Requirements for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

The aims of this study were to investigate whether early arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) could define the severity of disease in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We conducted a retrospective study over a 21-yr period of infants diagnosed with CDH. Outcomes were defined as death before discharge, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation requirements (ECMO) or death. A total 114 infants were included in this study. We investigated whether simplified prediction formula [PO₂-PCO₂] values at 0, 4, 8, and 12 hr after birth were associated with mortality, and ECMO or death. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimum ABGA values for predicting outcomes. The value of [PO₂-PCO₂] at birth was the best predictor of mortality (AUC 0.803, P < 0.001) and at 4 hr after birth was the most reliable predictor of ECMO or death (AUC 0.777, P < 0.001). The value of [PO₂-PCO₂] from ABGA early period after birth can reliably predict outcomes in infants with CDH.     

EVLWI、sICAM-1和KL-6联合检测在重症肺炎ARDS患者预后评估中的价值

目的:评价血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1（sICAM-1）和肺上皮细胞膜糖蛋白（KL-6）联合检测在重症肺炎ARDS患者预后评估中的价值。方法:选取2017年10月至2020年2月入住郑州大学附属郑州中心医院RICU的重症肺炎ARDS并行脉搏指示连续心排出量仪（PICCO）监测且存活超过3d的患者65例进行前瞻性研究,检测患者第1、3、5天血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）、血清sICAM-1、KL-6、氧合指数（OI）水平变化,记录APACHEⅡ评分、患者生存事件（天）及生存结局,按28 d预后分为存活组（45例）和死亡组（20例）。行sICAM-1、KL-6、EVLWI和OI相关性分析,采用Logistic回归模型分析重症肺炎ARDS发生死亡的独立危险因素,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线,分析sICAM-1、KL-6、EVLWI及联合指标对重症肺炎ARDS预后评估的价值。结果:入RICU时,死亡组的PCT、EVLWI、sICAM-1、KL-6和APACHEⅡ评分明显高于存活组（ P<0.05）,RICU住院时间明显低于存活组（ P<0.05）,其余基线指标在两组间差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。治疗第1天、3天、5天时,死亡组的EVLWI、sICAM-1、KL-6、降钙素原和APACHEⅡ评分均高于存活组（ P<0.05）,而OI在治疗第3 d和5 d时明显低于存活组（ P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示EVLWI、sICAM-1和KL-6与重症肺炎ARDS死亡密切相关（ P<0.05）。入住RICU治疗1 d、3 d和5 d时的sICAM-1、KL-6、EVLWI与OI均呈负显著相关（ P<0.01）,sICAM-1、KL-6水平与EVLWI均呈正显著相关（ P<0.01）。入住RICU第1天、3天和5天时,sICAM-1、KL-6水平和EVLWI三指标联合预后评估的敏感度和特异度分别为75.0%、84.4%;85.0%、66.7%和80.0%、86.7%。AUC分别为0.864、0.881、0.892（ P<0.001）。比同期单个指标有更好的预后评估价值。 结论:EVLWI、sICAM-1和KL-6分别是重症肺炎ARDS患者预后的独立危险因素,联合检测可早期对患者进行预后评估（28 d病死率）。     

Cardiopulmonary bypass: development of John Gibbon's heart-lung machine

Objective

To provide a brief review of the development of cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods

A review of the literature on the development of extracorporeal circulation techniques, their essential role in cardiovascular surgery, and the complications associated with their use, including hemolysis and inflammation.

Results

The advancement of extracorporeal circulation techniques has played an essential role in minimizing the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass, which can range from various degrees of tissue injury to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Investigators have long researched the ways in which cardiopulmonary bypass may insult the human body. Potential solutions arose and laid the groundwork for development of safer postoperative care strategies.

Conclusion

Steady progress has been made in cardiopulmonary bypass in the decades since it was first conceived of by Gibbon. Despite the constant evolution of cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and attempts to minimize their complications, it is still essential that clinicians respect the particularities of each patient''s physiological function.     

Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy or Alone Antibiotherapy? Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Mediastinitis in a Rat Model

OBJECTIVE

In the post-sternotomy mediastinitis patients, Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogenic microorganism encountered most often. In our study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of antibiotic treatment with vancomycin and tigecycline, alone or in combination with hyperbaric oxygen treatment, on bacterial elimination in experimental S. aureus mediastinitis.

METHODS

Forty-nine adult female Wistar rats were used. They were randomly divided into seven groups, as follows: non-contaminated, contaminated control, vancomycin, tigecycline, hyperbaric oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen + vancomycin and hyperbaric oxygen + tigecycline. The vancomycin rat group received 10 mg/kg/day of vancomycin twice a day through intramuscular injection. The tigecycline group rats received 7 mg/kg/day of tigecycline twice a day through intraperitoneal injection. The hyperbaric oxygen group underwent 90 min sessions of 100% oxygen at 2.5 atm pressure. Treatment continued for 7 days. Twelve hours after the end of treatment, tissue samples were obtained from the upper part of the sternum for bacterial count assessment.

RESULTS

When the quantitative bacterial counts of the untreated contaminated group were compared with those of the treated groups, a significant decrease was observed. However, comparing the antibiotic groups with the same antibiotic combined with hyperbaric oxygen, there was a significant reduction in microorganisms identified (P<0.05). Comparing hyperbaric oxygen used alone with the vancomycin and tigecycline groups, it was seen that the effect was not significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

We believe that the combination of hyperbaric oxygen with antibiotics had a significant effect on mediastinitis resulting from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus mediastinitis can be treated without requiring a multidrug combination, thereby reducing the medication dose and concomitantly decreasing the side effects.     

急性主动脉夹层围术期肺损伤与纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂的相关性探讨

目的:探讨急性主动脉夹层(AAD)围术期急性肺损伤(ALI)的发生与循环和肺泡灌洗液纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(PAI-1)的相关性。方法:2012年10月至2013年12月期间,符合入组条件的ADD患者共53例,在全身麻醉、深低温停循环(DHCA)和选择性脑灌注下行主动脉弓替换及象鼻支架置入术(孙氏手术)。根据术前是否发生ALI分为两组:术前ALI组(A组,n=22)组和术前非ALI组(C组,n=31)。收集患者年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、发病时间、合并症、出入量、ICU呼吸机治疗时间等资料。选取术前12h(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、术毕(T3)和术后12h(T4)四个时间点测定氧合指数和PAI-1。对各组结果进行比较,各因素与氧合指数的相关性采用多元线性回归分析。结果:组间比较,各时间点A组氧合指数均低于C组,P0.05。各时间点A组循环PAI-1值均高于C组,P0.05。T2和T3时间点A组肺泡灌洗液PAI-1值均高于C组,P0.05。手术失血量和ICU带管时间比较:A组均显著高于C组,P0.05。组内比较,两组中T3和T4相比T1,氧合指数减少而循环PAI-1值增加,P0.05。两组T3与T2相比,肺泡灌洗液PAI-1值增加,P0.05。多元线性回归分析循环PAI-1值与氧合指数呈负相关性(r=-0.504,P0.001),肺泡灌洗液PAI-1与氧合指数呈负相关性(r=-0.606,P0.001)。结论:AAD患者术前即可发生ALI,且围术期ALI程度逐渐加重。术前发生ALI的患者,围术期ALI程度以及循环和肺泡灌洗液PAI-1水平均显著升高,并与氧合指数呈负相关性。