Prevalence and clinical outcomes of cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and aimsEmerging data have linked the presence of cardiac injury with a worse prognosis in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, available data cannot clearly characterize the correlation between cardiac injury and COVID-19. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies to 1) explore the prevalence of cardiac injury in different types of COVID-19 patients and 2) evaluate the association between cardiac injury and worse prognosis (severe disease, admission to ICU, and mortality) in patients with COVID-19.Methods and resultsLiterature search was conducted through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and MedRxiv databases. A meta-analysis was performed with Stata 14.0. A fixed-effects model was used if the I² values ≤ 50%, otherwise the random-effects model was performed. The prevalence of cardiac injury was 19% (95% CI: 0.15–0.22, and p < 0.001) in total COVID-19 patients, 36% (95% CI: 0.25–0.47, and p < 0.001) in severe COVID-19 patients, and 48% (95% CI: 0.30–0.66, and p < 0.001) in non-survivors. Furthermore, cardiac injury was found to be associated with a significant increase in the risk of poor outcomes with a pooled effect size (ES) of 8.46 (95% CI: 3.76–19.06, and p = 0.062), severe disease with an ES of 3.54 (95% CI: 2.25–5.58, and p < 0.001), admission to ICU with an ES of 5.03 (95% CI: 2.69–9.39, and p < 0.001), and mortality with an ES of 4.99 (95% CI: 3.38–7.37, and p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cardiac injury was greatly increased in COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients with severe disease and non-survivors. COVID-19 patients with cardiac injury are more likely to be associated with poor outcomes, severity of disease, admission to ICU, and mortality.     

Textbook outcomes in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery

The concept of textbook outcome (TO) has recently gained popularity in surgical research and has been used to evaluate the quality or success of different surgical procedures, including hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) operations. TO consists of individual outcome parameters that each reflect different domains of care including structure, process, and individual outcomes; in turn, the composite TO metric represents the optimal course after a surgical episode. TO can be used to assess patient-level outcomes, hospital performance, center designation and quality metrics. In addition to being an outcome measurement, TO may also be linked to healthcare costs. Future efforts should be directed towards establishing a universal definition of TO in HPB surgery so that surgeons and hospitals can assess and compare outcomes, identify shortcomings and improve real world patient outcomes.     

Impact of spatio-temporal recurrence pattern on overall survival for invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia – A comparison with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BackgroundResections for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) have increased dramatically during the last decade. Recurrence pattern and impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for solid pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is well known, but not for invasive IPMN (inv-IPMN).ObjectivesTo elucidate the impact of spatio-temporal recurrence pattern and adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival for inv-IPMN compared with PDAC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective single-center observational study of consecutive patients ≥18 years of age who underwent resection for inv-IPMN or PDAC at Karolinska University Hospital, between 2009 and 2018. Different initial recurrence sites and time frames as well as predictors for death were assessed with multivariable Cox and logistic regressions. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier model and log rank test.ResultsOf 396 resected patients, 92 were inv-IPMN and 304 PDAC. Both recurrence rate and death rate within three-years were lower for inv-IPMN compared to PDAC (p = 0.006 and p = 0.007 respectively). Across the whole cohort, the most common recurrence patterns were multi-site (25%), single-site liver (21%) and single-site locoregional (10%) recurrence. The most prominent predictors for death in multivariable Cox regression, especially if occurred within the first year, were multi-site (HR 17.0), single-site peritoneal (HR 13.6) and single-site liver (HR 13.1) recurrence. These predictors were less common in inv-IPMN compared to PDAC (p = 0.007). The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy was similar in the two groups.ConclusionResected inv-IPMN exhibits a less aggressive recurrence pattern than PDAC that translates into a more favorable overall survival.     

Nutrition and survival in intensive care

Summary The potential role of nutrition to influence survival in the critically-ill is discussed. Increasing benefits are described to enteral nutrition but there remain some patients who have high mortality in whom only parenteral nutrition is possible. The clinical relevance of glutamine in parenteral nutrition is reviewed in the context of how it might influence survival from severe illness. Received: 7 May 1997 Accepted: 12 August 1997     

Outcome in patients hospitalised for psoriatic arthritis

Summary Forty patients hospitalised for treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were followed for a mean of 8.0 years. At the end of this time none had died and only 8% were in functional class IV. 90% received second-line therapy. There was a high incidence of skin rashes on gold but hydroxychloroquine was well tolerated. Patients with psoriatic arthritis had a better outcome than patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with the same regime.     

儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪蹲伏步态多学科团队治疗的初步经验CSCD

目的总结多学科团队联合治疗儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪(以下简称脑瘫)蹲伏步态的初步经验。方法以2018年6月至2020年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心和上海同济大学附属养志康复医院诊治的29例存在蹲伏步态的痉挛型脑瘫患儿为研究对象,男20例,女9例;平均年龄14.3岁(12~16.5岁)。患儿均行三维步态分析,由骨科医生、康复治疗师及步态研究员共同分析步态检查报告,并商定治疗方案,包括:手术前予康复宣教及康复训练3~4周(其中家庭康复1~3周),包括体位摆放、体位转移、轮椅训练、肌力训练等。采取单次多平面手术,包括髋关节重建术、髌韧带推进术、股骨远端短缩伸展截骨术等,如患儿存在扁平外翻足则行Mosca术。术后2周开始院内康复训练,时间8周;予居家康复训练+线上指导10个月。术后每3个月门诊复查,12个月以后行三维步态分析,评价临床疗效。结果29例痉挛型脑瘫蹲伏步态患儿均完成多学科团队治疗方案,医院康复训练及康复指导时间0.5~2周,家庭康复训练2~3周,家庭康复训练指导经互联网完成;均行单次多平面手术,其中髌韧带推进术29例,股骨远端短缩伸展术20例,内收肌切断术10例,股直肌延长术1例,髂腰肌松解术15例,Dega骨盆截骨+股骨近端内翻去旋转截骨术3例,腘绳肌延长术14例,距舟关节复位+距下关节融合术5例,Mosca手术13例。术后复查三维步态分析时间平均为术后13.5个月(12~15个月)。结果显示,患儿术后髋关节在支撑相中末期最大伸展角度较术前平均改善了12.29°,术后膝关节在支撑相中期屈曲角度较术前平均改善了26.84°,术后踝关节在支撑相中期背屈角度较术前平均改善了7.05°。康复评定发现,患儿髋外展、伸髋、伸膝及踝跖屈肌群的肌力均明显提升,平衡稳定性较术前增强,但步行过程中躯干横向位移问题未能改善。结论本研究已经验证了多学科团队治疗儿童痉挛型脑瘫蹲伏步态可有效改善膝关节的僵直状态,提升各关节运动肌群的肌力,明显改善异常的步态外观。儿童痉挛型脑瘫蹲伏步态骨科和康复科联合治疗模式短期疗效良好,远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病的外科治疗与结果评价CSCD

儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病通常需要手术治疗,手术方式包括预防性、重建性和补救性手术三种。手术的目的是防止股骨头向外侧移位,重建半脱位及脱位髋关节的稳定,消除不可重建髋关节脱位导致的持续性疼痛,进而改善患儿行走功能,方便不具站立及行走能力患儿的会阴部护理。本文通过系统复习新近相关文献,重点阐述儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病各种手术方式的适应证、操作要点以及临床与X线评价结果、远期随访结果。     

髋臼坐骨切迹周围截骨与Pemberton截骨治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的中期随访对比研究CSCD

目的比较髋臼坐骨切迹周围截骨(periacetahular sciatic-notch osteotomy,PASO)与Pemberton截骨(pemberton osteotomy,PO)治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位(development dislocation of the hip,DDH)的临床疗效。方法以湖南省儿童医院骨科自2004年5月至2021年11月收治、且随访时间在5年以上的DDH患儿为研究对象,按照不同的骨盆截骨方式分为PASO组(47例61髋)和PO组(29例35髋)。比较两组患儿手术后矫正髋臼指数(correction acetabulum index,CAI)、末次随访髋臼指数(terminal acetabulum index,TAI)、中心边缘角(central edge angel,CEA)、Severin X线评价优良率与Mckay临床髋关节功能评价优良率。结果本研究平均随访时间:PASO组(7.14±1.59)年,PO组(5.77±0.60)年;术前平均髋臼指数:PASO组(39.66±5.46)°,PO组(41.47±3.48)°;术后CAI:PASO组(26.63±7.35)°,PO组(23.92±5.61)°,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TAI:PASO组(12.25±8.17)°,PO组(16.67±4.98)°,P<0.01;CEA:PASO组(35.28±8.50)°,PO组(29.05±7.60)°,P<0.01,差异均有统计学意义。末次随访时Mckay髋关节功能评价:PASO组中优43髋,良13髋,可4髋,差1髋,优良率91.8%;PO组中优30髋,良3髋,可2髋,差0髋,优良率94.2%;末次随访时Severin评价:PASO组中优45髋,良14髋,中1髋,差1髋,优良率96.7%;PO组中优24髋,良8髋,中3髋,差0髋,优良率91.4%。股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of femoral head,AVN):PASO组发生AVN 1型0髋、2型2髋、3型2髋、4型4髋,AVN发生率13.1%;PO组发生AVN 1型0髋、2型2髋、3型1髋、4型3髋,AVN发生率17.1%。结论与Pemberton截骨手术比较,髋臼坐骨切迹周围截骨同样是一种有效的治疗发育性髋关节脱位的方法。