儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪蹲伏步态多学科团队治疗的初步经验CSCD

目的总结多学科团队联合治疗儿童痉挛型脑性瘫痪(以下简称脑瘫)蹲伏步态的初步经验。方法以2018年6月至2020年1月在上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心和上海同济大学附属养志康复医院诊治的29例存在蹲伏步态的痉挛型脑瘫患儿为研究对象,男20例,女9例;平均年龄14.3岁(12~16.5岁)。患儿均行三维步态分析,由骨科医生、康复治疗师及步态研究员共同分析步态检查报告,并商定治疗方案,包括:手术前予康复宣教及康复训练3~4周(其中家庭康复1~3周),包括体位摆放、体位转移、轮椅训练、肌力训练等。采取单次多平面手术,包括髋关节重建术、髌韧带推进术、股骨远端短缩伸展截骨术等,如患儿存在扁平外翻足则行Mosca术。术后2周开始院内康复训练,时间8周;予居家康复训练+线上指导10个月。术后每3个月门诊复查,12个月以后行三维步态分析,评价临床疗效。结果29例痉挛型脑瘫蹲伏步态患儿均完成多学科团队治疗方案,医院康复训练及康复指导时间0.5~2周,家庭康复训练2~3周,家庭康复训练指导经互联网完成;均行单次多平面手术,其中髌韧带推进术29例,股骨远端短缩伸展术20例,内收肌切断术10例,股直肌延长术1例,髂腰肌松解术15例,Dega骨盆截骨+股骨近端内翻去旋转截骨术3例,腘绳肌延长术14例,距舟关节复位+距下关节融合术5例,Mosca手术13例。术后复查三维步态分析时间平均为术后13.5个月(12~15个月)。结果显示,患儿术后髋关节在支撑相中末期最大伸展角度较术前平均改善了12.29°,术后膝关节在支撑相中期屈曲角度较术前平均改善了26.84°,术后踝关节在支撑相中期背屈角度较术前平均改善了7.05°。康复评定发现,患儿髋外展、伸髋、伸膝及踝跖屈肌群的肌力均明显提升,平衡稳定性较术前增强,但步行过程中躯干横向位移问题未能改善。结论本研究已经验证了多学科团队治疗儿童痉挛型脑瘫蹲伏步态可有效改善膝关节的僵直状态,提升各关节运动肌群的肌力,明显改善异常的步态外观。儿童痉挛型脑瘫蹲伏步态骨科和康复科联合治疗模式短期疗效良好,远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病的外科治疗与结果评价CSCD

儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病通常需要手术治疗,手术方式包括预防性、重建性和补救性手术三种。手术的目的是防止股骨头向外侧移位,重建半脱位及脱位髋关节的稳定,消除不可重建髋关节脱位导致的持续性疼痛,进而改善患儿行走功能,方便不具站立及行走能力患儿的会阴部护理。本文通过系统复习新近相关文献,重点阐述儿童脑瘫性髋关节疾病各种手术方式的适应证、操作要点以及临床与X线评价结果、远期随访结果。     

髋臼坐骨切迹周围截骨与Pemberton截骨治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的中期随访对比研究CSCD

目的比较髋臼坐骨切迹周围截骨(periacetahular sciatic-notch osteotomy,PASO)与Pemberton截骨(pemberton osteotomy,PO)治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位(development dislocation of the hip,DDH)的临床疗效。方法以湖南省儿童医院骨科自2004年5月至2021年11月收治、且随访时间在5年以上的DDH患儿为研究对象,按照不同的骨盆截骨方式分为PASO组(47例61髋)和PO组(29例35髋)。比较两组患儿手术后矫正髋臼指数(correction acetabulum index,CAI)、末次随访髋臼指数(terminal acetabulum index,TAI)、中心边缘角(central edge angel,CEA)、Severin X线评价优良率与Mckay临床髋关节功能评价优良率。结果本研究平均随访时间:PASO组(7.14±1.59)年,PO组(5.77±0.60)年;术前平均髋臼指数:PASO组(39.66±5.46)°,PO组(41.47±3.48)°;术后CAI:PASO组(26.63±7.35)°,PO组(23.92±5.61)°,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TAI:PASO组(12.25±8.17)°,PO组(16.67±4.98)°,P<0.01;CEA:PASO组(35.28±8.50)°,PO组(29.05±7.60)°,P<0.01,差异均有统计学意义。末次随访时Mckay髋关节功能评价:PASO组中优43髋,良13髋,可4髋,差1髋,优良率91.8%;PO组中优30髋,良3髋,可2髋,差0髋,优良率94.2%;末次随访时Severin评价:PASO组中优45髋,良14髋,中1髋,差1髋,优良率96.7%;PO组中优24髋,良8髋,中3髋,差0髋,优良率91.4%。股骨头缺血性坏死(avascular necrosis of femoral head,AVN):PASO组发生AVN 1型0髋、2型2髋、3型2髋、4型4髋,AVN发生率13.1%;PO组发生AVN 1型0髋、2型2髋、3型1髋、4型3髋,AVN发生率17.1%。结论与Pemberton截骨手术比较,髋臼坐骨切迹周围截骨同样是一种有效的治疗发育性髋关节脱位的方法。     

Assay of pleural fluid interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in the diagnosis and outcome correlation of tuberculous effusion

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the diagnosis and prediction of outcome of pleural tuberculosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pleural fluid from 32 TB and 34 non-TB patients was sent for assay of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Clinical parameters at presentation and residual pleural scarring at completion of treatment were assessed for pleural TB cases. RESULTS: The pleural fluid Levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in TB patients were significantly higher than those with non-TB effusions (P values of <0.001, 0.018 and <0.001, respectively by independent t-test). Utility of these cytokines for diagnosis of pleural TB was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The cut-off values for IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma determined in this analysis were 4000, 4 and 60 pg/ml respectively, and their sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 76.5%, 90.6% and 79.4%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The pretreatment pleural fluid IL-6 levels had a positive correlation with the number of febrile days after treatment (Pearson correlation test: r=0.60, P=0.009). A negative correlation was found between the percentage reduction in pleural fluid cytokines after 2 weeks treatment and the extent of residual pleural scarring (IL-6: r=-0.62, P=0.041; TNF-alpha: r=-0.65, P=0.030; IFN-gamma: r=0.83, P=0.002). CONCLUSION: Pleural fluid IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma assays are useful in the diagnosis of pleural TB. The initial IL-6 level correlates with the number of febrile days. The percentage change of cytokines after 2 weeks of treatment also helps to predict residual pleural scarring.     

克山病发病和转归的动态分析

1973～1990年,对陕西省黄陵县店头病区克山病发病和转归进行了观察,结果表明:(l)1974年起,店头病区各型克山病发病率呈下降趋势,急性(包括急型和亚急型)、慢型和潜在型年平均下降率分别为75.2％、32.4%和28.6％,1983年至今未见急发病例,但慢型和潜在型仍有新发;(2)1974年后潜在型病情恶化率平均下降26.2％,1980年后新发慢型2～7年生存率明显提高;(3)慢型克山病病死率高,其5、10和15年病死率分别为70.9%、89.1%和93.6%,治疗慢型和管理潜在型是降低病死率的关键。     

Mortality Probability Model (MPM II0–72) bei Patienten einer kardiologischen Intensivstation

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung Die Diskriminierungsf?higkeit bezüglich überleben und Versterben sowie die Kalibrierung der Mortalit?tsprognose durch das Mortality Probability Model (MPM II) sollte in dieser prospektiven Studie bei Patienten einer kardiologischen Intensivstation evaluiert werden. Methode Alle konsekutiven Patienten der kardiologischen Intensivstation mit einer Liegedauer >12 Stunden wurden zwischen 12/97 und 2/98 in diese prospektive Studie eingeschlossen (Ausschluss: Wiederaufnahmen). MPM II wurde bei Aufnahme (MPM II₀), nach 24 (MPM II₂₄), 48 (MPM II₄₈) und 72 Stunden (MPM II₇₂) erhoben. SAPS II wurde nach 24 Stunden bestimmt. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Krankenhausmortalit?t (Pr) für die jeweiligen Modelle wurde berechnet. Die Fl?che unter der Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) Kurve diente zur Analyse der Diskriminierungsf?higkeit. Die Kalibrierung der Modelle wurden anhand der standardisierten Mortalit?tsratio (SMR) und dem Goodness of fit (GOF) Test untersucht. Ergebnisse 303 Patienten (62,4±12,6 Jahre, 71,3% M?nner) wurden eingeschlossen. Die Intensivmortalit?t betrug 8,3%, die Krankenhausmortalit?t 14,5%. Die mittlere Liegedauer auf der Intensivstation lag bei 3,7 Tage (1–36 Tage), die mittlere Krankenhausliegedauer bei 15,2 Tage (1–79). Pr war in beiden Modellen für nicht überlebende Patienten signifikant h?her. AUC (±SD): SAPS II 0,77±0,05, MPM II₀ 0,77±0,04, MPM II₂₄ 0,72±0,05, MPM II₄₈ 0,85±0,05 und MPM II₇₂ 0,78±0,06. Die SMR für SAPS II betrug 1,25 (0,91–1,69), für MPM II₀ 1,37 (0,99–1,84), MPM II₂₄ 1,32 (0,89–1,87), MPM II₄₈ 1,07 (0,69–1,58) und für MPM II₇₂ 1,19 (0,74–1,82). Der GOF-C-Test zeigte einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen vorhergesagter und beobachteter Mortalit?t für den MPM II₀ (χ²=39,44 [p<0,001, df=9]), der GOF H Test für den MPM II₇₂ (χ²=15,35 [p=0,01, df=6]). Diagnose- und Alterskategorien sowie Aufnahmemodus wiesen ebenfalls variable SMRs auf. Schlussfolgerung Die Mortalit?tsvorhersage durch das MPM-II-Modell war zufriedenstellend. Die SMR zeigte jedoch eine statistisch nicht signifikante Untersch?tzung der Mortalit?t. Die Abweichung der vorhergesagten von der beobachteten Mortalit?t trat v.a. in den h?heren Risikostrata auf. Eine unterschiedliche Patientenselektion („case mix”) und divergente Vorbehandlungen der Patienten („lead time”) beeinflussen die Performance von MPM II_0–72. Daher scheint eine Anpassung des Vorhersagemodells an die Zielpopulation („customization”) erforderlich zu sein. Eingegangen: 12. M?rz 2001 Akzeptiert: 5. April 2001     

Neural Network Analysis of Anal Sphincter Repair

PURPOSE: Prediction of success after anterior sphincter repair for incontinence is difficult. Standard multivariate analysis techniques have only 75 to 80 percent accuracy. Artificial intelligence, including artificial neural networks, has been used in the analysis of complex clinical data and has proved to be successful in predicting the outcome of other surgical procedures. Using a neural network algorithm, we have assessed the probability of success after anterior sphincter repair. METHODS: Prospective anorectal physiology data of 72 patients undergoing anterior sphincter repair was collected between 1995 and 1999. Complete data sets of 75 percent of the series were used to train an artificial neural network; the remaining 25 percent were used for data validation. The output was continence grading, ranging from 0 to 4 (worse to continent). RESULTS: The outcome at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively was obtained and assessed. The best correlation between actual data value and artificial neural network value was found at 12 months (r = 0.931; P = 0.0001). Clear correlations also were found at three months (r = 0.898; P = 0.0001) and six months (r = 0.742; P = 0.002). Results of applying a net to details excluding pudendal nerve latency were poor. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial neural networks are more accurate (93 percent correlation) than standard statistics (75 percent) when applied to the prediction of outcome after anterior sphincter repair. This assessment also confirms the usefulness of pudendal latency in the prediction of anterior sphincter repair outcome. The results obtained highlight the obvious usefulness of artificial neural networks, which could now be used in a prospective evaluation for application of the technique.     

Long-term Fracture Risk in Patients with Celiac Disease: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County,Minnesota

Celiac disease is associated with decreased bone density, but there are conflicting data regarding fracture risk. We determined the fracture incidence relative to matched controls in a population-based cohort with celiac disease before and after diagnosis. Olmsted County residents with celiac disease (n = 83) diagnosed between 1950 and 2002 were compared with 166 gender and age matched controls. Fracture histories were ascertained from each subject’s medical records. Celiac disease is linked to an increased fracture risk before and after diagnosis. Before the index date, cases had a fracture rate twice that of controls (CI: 1.0–3.9, P = 0.045) and 2.5-fold greater after the index date (CI: 1.1–5.6, P = 0.026). Appendicular and axial fractures were 2.5 (CI: 0.9–6.5) and 3.2 times more likely (CI: 1.0–10.5) after the index date. These observations support a rationale for earlier detection of celiac disease, and active management of bone disease before bone effects have occurred, to reduce the persistent risk of fractures.     

结核性肛周脓肿延误诊断临床分析(附5例报告)

2015年12月至2017年12月,航空总医院普外科收治的320例肛周脓肿患者中5例患者术后30d内切口未愈合,最终诊断为结核性肛周脓肿;其中3例并发肺结核,给予2R-H-E-Z/4R-H-E抗结核药物化疗方案治疗后,切口均愈合,平均愈合时间(25.5±3.6)d,无复发。分析延误诊断原因主要为:结核性肛周脓肿临床较少见,临床表现缺乏特异性,医务人员对此病的认识不足,未对患者病史进行详细分析,未进行脓液抗酸杆菌检查及肛周病变组织病理学检查。对于肛周脓肿的患者,应仔细询问患者病史,常规进行脓液分泌物抗酸杆菌检查、组织病理学检查。确诊为结核性肛周脓肿后应给予规范抗结核药物化疗方案治疗6个月至1年。