Is there an optimal degree of correction for ankle varus deformity after supramalleolar osteotomy? A systematic review

BackgroundThere is no consensus on the angle targeted for in varus ankle deformity after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT). The aim of this study was to investigate which obtained correction has the best clinical outcome after valgus SMOT.MethodsA systematic review according PRISMA guidelines was conducted with studies being eligible for inclusion when published in English, German or Dutch, patients older than 18 years at study entrance, primary or posttraumatic varus ankle osteoarthritis, using any valgus SMOT technique, describing radiological alignment and clinical outcome at baseline and after at least 12 months follow-up. Risk of bias was assessed using the McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Research Group quality assessment tool. The electronical databases PubMed, EMBASE and Cinahl were used as data sources. Included cohorts were categorized according to the mean obtained medial distal tibia angle (MDTA; ranged between 87° and 100°). A linear mixed effect model was used for individual patient data to assess the association between the MDTA and the (difference in) clinical outcome.ResultsThirty studies including 33 patient cohorts with 922 ankles were identified. At a mean follow-up of 4 years no differences in clinical outcome between correction categories were found. Individual data of 34 ankles showed no relationship between obtained MDTA and clinical outcome either.ConclusionThis review could not demonstrate an optimal degree of correction after valgus SMOT. Results were hampered by biased low quality studies and the widespread use of unreliable 2D alignment measures such as the MDTA.     

腓骨近端截骨术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期效果

目的观察分析腓骨近端截骨术与人工全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎的短期效果差异。 方法回顾2018年1月至2019年12月间于赤峰宝山中医医院骨科接受腓骨近端截骨术(PFO)和人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗的患者,符合内侧间室膝骨关节炎的诊断且Kellgren-Lawrence分级为Ⅲ、Ⅳ级,排除膝关节内畸形及其他影响关节功能的疾病,排除严重内科疾病及外翻畸形,临床资料完整者。其中接受PFO共55例,纳入观察组,同期接受TKA的55例纳入对照组,统计两组的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用,采用t检验进行比较;统计术前及术后3个月的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS评分)、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学膝关节炎评分(WOMAC评分)、生活质量问卷评分(SF-36评分),组内及组间比较采用t检验。 结果观察组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、住院时间、住院费用均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t＝8.712、9.251、9.435、8.987、9.296,均为P<0.01);两组患者术后3个月的VAS、HSS、WOMAC、SF-36评分较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(观察组：t＝7.692、7.802、8.453、7.622,均为P<0.01;对照组：t＝7.639、7.787、8.441、7.619,均为P<0.01),各评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义(t＝0.258、0.401、0.250、0.542,均为P>0.05)。 结论腓骨近端截骨术与人工全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节炎,均可获得较好的早期效果;前者手术简单、创伤小、费用低,临床中可以选择性使用。     

应用保留桡骨头桡骨颈节段性截骨治疗创伤后上尺桡关节骨性融合的早期疗效

目的探讨保留桡骨头的桡骨颈节段性截骨治疗创伤后上尺桡关节骨性融合的早期疗效。方法回顾分析2017年1月至2019年5月广州医科大学附属第二医院创伤骨科采用保留桡骨头的桡骨颈节段性截骨术治疗的创伤性上尺桡关节骨性融合患者7例的临床资料。其中男5例,女2例;年龄为(35±11)岁(19~60岁)。患肢均为右侧。评价术前与随访时患肢前臂旋转活动度、肘和腕关节疼痛程度、握力以及尺骨变异程度和截骨处异位骨化情况并进行比较。采用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行处理。结果随访(4±0.4)个月(2~6个月)。术前与术后3个月前臂旋转活动度分别为(43±14)°(15°~51°)和(120±31)°(111°~134°),差异有统计学意义(P=0.012);握力分别为(25.5±10.3)kg(21.2~28.6 kg)和(26.3±11.1)kg(21.7~28.4 kg),差异无统计学意义(P=0.074);尺骨变异分别为(-0.13±0.04)mm(-0.15^-0.07 mm)和(-0.12±0.09)mm(-0.14^-0.08 mm),差异无统计学意义(P=0.081)。所有患者术前与术后肘关节与腕关节未见疼痛,术后未见截骨处异位骨化形成。结论应用保留桡骨头的桡骨颈节段性截骨治疗创伤后上尺桡关节骨性融合,方法简单,早期疗效令人满意。     

Closed vs open reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip: The short-term effect on acetabular remodeling

BackgroundThis study aims to assess acetabular remodeling following closed vs, open hip reduction in children younger than 2 years of age.MethodsRecords of children with DDH, who underwent closed or open reduction, were reviewed. Acetabular index (AI) was measured on radiographs taken prior to reduction and on outcome radiographs taken at age 4 years. Radiographic outcomes were analyzed and residual dysplasia (outcome AI ≥ 30) degrees recorded.Results42 hips had closed reduction; and 26 hips had open reduction. A higher percentage of hips treated with successful closed reduction, had outcome AI ≥ 30° (29% vs. 19% p = 0.387). Residual dysplasia was more common in IHDI-IV hips than IHDI-III hips for both groups. A higher incidence of AVN was seen in the open reduction group (13% vs. 7%; p = 0.43).ConclusionIn children with DDH under the age of two, open reduction with capsulorrhaphy may benefit acetabular remodeling more so than closed reduction despite maintenance of reduction. Although AVN remains a risk, higher remodeling might be expected with open reduction.     

Current concepts in the management of ankle arthritis

Ankle arthritis is a common condition. It causes a significant socioeconomic burden, and is associated with significant morbidity. Patients with ankle arthritis are either elderly with significant co-morbidities, or young adults who have previously suffered with ankle injuries, resulting in post-traumatic arthritis. There is a wide variation in the management of these patients with ankle arthritis. We therefore present an overview of the current evidence based management of patients with symptomatic ankle arthritis.     

脊柱畸形截骨矫形的问题与思考

正目前,脊柱截骨矫形术作为一种有效的手术方式,在脊柱畸形,尤其是重度脊柱畸形的治疗中广泛应用。相比单纯的后路内固定术,截骨矫形术对矫正脊柱的畸形,重建脊柱的整体平衡具有更好的疗效。根据截骨的方式和范围,其主要包括Smith-Peterson截骨术(SmithPeterson osteotomy,SPO),经椎弓根截骨术(pedicle     

经外踝截骨联合空心钉和肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定行胫距跟融合术的疗效观察

目的：探讨经外踝截骨联合空心钉和肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定在胫距跟关节融合的临床疗效。方法：自2015年6月至2018年12月,采用经外踝截骨联合空心钉和肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定行胫距跟融合术患者15例,其中男10例,女5例;年龄45~72（58.9±6.1）岁;病程2~35（11.9±7.9）年。术前诊断创伤性关节炎8例,Charcot关节炎2例,Charcot-Marie-Tooth（CMT）2例,踝关节结核1例,距骨坏死1例,色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎1例。8例合并单纯内翻畸形,4例合并单纯外翻畸形,2例合并马蹄内翻畸形,1例合并马蹄畸形,2例合并中前足内收内旋。采用美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分及疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）进行临床疗效评价。结果：14例患者获得随访,时间10~25（16.6±4.3）个月,1例失访,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,融合时间术后15~24（16.8±2.4）周。1例合并糖尿病患者骨融合延迟,通过Ⅰ期再植骨注入富血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma,PRP）后融合。AOFAS评分由术前（38.7±3.3）分提高至术后（84.5±2.6）分,VAS评分由术前（7.5±1.6）分降至术后（1.9±0.3）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：采用经外踝截骨空心螺钉联合肱骨近端锁定钢板倒置固定行胫距跟关节融合术手术操作简便,融合率高,且对伴有后足畸形的患者尤其适用。     

后路截骨短节段融合术联合双生长棒技术治疗严重僵硬先天性脊柱侧凸

 目的 评估后路截骨短节段融合术联合双棒生长棒技术治疗严重、僵硬先天性脊柱侧凸的初步疗效。方法 回顾性研究2006年至2011年行截骨短节段融合联合双棒生长棒技术治疗7例先天性脊柱侧凸患者资料,男2例,女5例;年龄2～10岁,平均5.9岁;Risser征均为0度。记录患儿年龄、撑开次数及并发症。对影像学资料进行测量分析,测量指标包括在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上侧凸Cobb角、胸后凸、腰前凸、T₁～S₁距离及内固定的长度,对畸形的矫正情况以及脊柱、胸廓的生长状况进行评估。结果 7例患儿共接受后路截骨短节段融合联合生长棒手术48次,其中41次为撑开术,平均每例患儿经历5.9次撑开术。7例患儿均获得随访,随访时间36～83个月,平均为59.4个月。冠状面主弯度数术前81.4° ,术后40.1° ,末次随访时41.1°。T₁～S₁从术前23.7 cm增至术后的27.0 cm,末次随访时为32.8 cm,平均年增长率为1.12 cm/年。内固定节段初次手术术后为20.5 cm,末次随访时为25.0 cm。坎贝尔的空间供肺比值（Campbell’s space available for lung ratio, SAL）,术前为0.87,术后改善至0.95,末次随访时为0.97。1例患儿因脊柱生长致生长棒可撑开部分不足接受换棒术。末次随访时,无一例患儿发生并发症。结论 截骨短节段融合联合双棒生长棒技术治疗严重、僵硬先天性脊柱侧凸安全、有效,可在维持矫形的同时,保留大部分脊柱的生长潜力,但是该技术创伤较大、手术难度较高、需多次手术。     

Bilateral double osteotomy in severe torsional malalignment syndrome: 16 years follow-up

Background

Torsional malalignment syndrome (TMS) is a well defined condition consisting of a combination of femoral antetorsion and tibial lateral torsion. The axis of knee motion is medially rotated. This may lead to patellofemoral malalignment with an increased Q angle and chondromalacia, patellar subluxation and dislocation. Conservative management is recommended in all but the most rare and severest cases. In these cases deformity correction requires osteotomies at two levels per limb.

Materials and methods

From 1987 to 2002 in our institution three patients underwent double femoral and tibial osteotomy for TMS bilateral correction (12 osteotomies). All patients were reviewed at mean follow-up of 16 years.

Results

At final follow-up no patients reported persistence of knee or hip pain. At clinical examination both lower limbs showed a normal axis and a normal patella anterior position. Pre-operative femoral version measurement showed an average hip internal rotation of 81.5° (range 80°–85°) and average hip external rotation of 27.2° (10°–40°). Thigh–foot angle measurement showed an average value of 38.6° (32°–45°). At final follow-up femoral version measurement showed an average hip internal rotation of 49° (range 45°–55°) and average hip internal rotation of 44.3° (20°–48°) (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Thigh–foot angles measurement showed an average value of 21.6° (18°–24°) outward.

Conclusion

We recommend a clinical, radiographical and CT scan evaluation of all torsional deformity. In cases of significant deformity, internally rotating the tibia alone is not sufficient. Ipsilateral outward femoral and inward tibial osteotomies are our current recommendation for TMS, both performed at the same surgical setting.     

Tratamiento del paciente con artrosis

The therapeutic management of patients with osteoarthritis aims to decrease pain and inflammation, improve physical function, and to apply safe and effective treatments. A patient-centered approach implies the active participation of the patient in the design of the treatment plan and in timely and informed decision-making at all stages of the disease. The nucleus of treatment is patient education, physical activity and therapeutic exercise, together with weight control in overweight or obese patients. Self-care by the individual and by the family is fundamental in day-to-day patient management. The use of physical therapies, technical aids (walking sticks, etc.) and simple analgesics, opium alkaloids, and antiinflammatory drugs have demonstrated effectiveness in controlling pain, improving physical function and quality of life and their use is clearly indicated in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Conservative surgery and joint replacement is indicated when treatment goals are not achieved in specific patients.