Minimally-invasive anterior maxillary distraction technique in patients with cleft lip and palate and maxillary deficiency: an evaluation of 106 patients

Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of a minimally-invasive surgical technique for anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis to correct maxillary hypoplasia in patients with clefts. A modified Y distractor was placed intraorally in 106 patients with cleft- associated maxillary deficiency to facilitate protraction of the maxilla. Subsequently the patients had an anterior maxillary osteotomy through a minimally invasive incision, followed by activation of the appliance at the rate of 0.8 mm/day until positive overjet was achieved. The patient’s lateral cephalograms were evaluated preoperatively (T1), after activation (T2), and one year postoperatively (T3). Collected data were assessed with the paired t test, and probabilities of < 0.001 were accepted as significant. A mean (SD) of 10.4 (2.58) mm anterior maxillary advancement was obtained in all patients after 10-13 days of distraction. The sella–nasion-point A (SNA) angle increased from 75.37° to 83.01°. When we compared the cephalometric variables at T1 and T2, the mean maxillary length and overjet at T2 were significantly higher (p < 0.001). The comparison of mean values at T2 and T3 was not significant. Minimally invasive anterior maxillary distraction with the modified Y distractor resulted in changes after activation that were consistent one year postoperatively, making it a conservative, less traumatic, and effective treatment of cleft-related maxillary deficiency.     

What factors affect the attachment of the inferior alveolar nerve to the buccal plate following sagittal split osteotomy?

PurposeThis study aimed to assess the factors that can possibly affect the positioning of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in the proximal or distal segment following sagittal split osteotomy (SSO).Materials and methodsThis was a prospective cohort study. The patients were assigned according to the position of the IAN: the IAN was attached to the buccal plate in group 1 (27 SSOs), while it was in the distal segment in group 2 (83 SSOs).ResultsThe mean of the buccolingual thickness of the proximal segment at the vertical cut of the osteotomy (BLTP) was 5.0 ± 0.62 mm in group 1 and 4.16 ± 0.72 mm in group 2. The mean of the distance between the IAN and the external cortical bone at the distal of the second molar before the osteotomy (IANB) was 0.5 ± 0.24 mm in group 1 and 1.24 ± 0.45 mm in group 2. There were significant differences for the mean BLTP and IANB between the two groups (P = 0.001).ConclusionIt seems that the thickness of the buccal plate of the proximal segment, the distance from the IAN to the external cortical bone, the osteotomy technique, and the presence or absence of impacted third molars may be associated with the positioning of the IAN following SSO.     

偏心髋臼旋转截骨术的生物力学机制及初步临床疗效

 目的 探讨偏心髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋关节发育不良的生物力学机制及其初步临床疗效。方法 取6具经福尔马林防腐处理的女性尸体骨盆标本,建立髋关节生物力学模型,在模型上模拟偏心髋臼旋转截骨术。对骨盆缓慢施加连续纵向压力0~500 N,测量术前和术后载荷100、200、300、400、500 N时的股骨头承重区应变值,计算应力值。2007年7月至2014年10月应用偏心髋臼旋转截骨术治疗髋关节发育不良25例（26髋）,男6例,女19例;年龄11~57岁,平均31岁。术后以Harris髋关节评分评价髋关节功能,摄骨盆正位X线片测量头臼指数、中心边缘角（center-edge-angle,CE角）及Sharp角。结果-随着脊柱纵向压力加大,股骨头上的应力值随之增加。偏心髋臼旋转截骨术后应力值在载荷超过300 N后由上升趋势转变为下降趋势,总体呈抛物线状。100~500 N载荷下偏心髋臼旋转截骨术后的应力值与术前差异均无统计学意义。临床随访18例（19髋）,随访率72%。随访时间7~85个月,平均40个月。Harris髋关节评分由术前（64.3±7.2）分提高至末次随访时（85.6±5.3）分;头臼指数平均增加36.5%、CE角平均增加33.1°、Sharp角平均减少12.3°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义。结论-偏心髋臼旋转截骨术具有较好的矫正髋臼畸形的能力,可增大股骨头的髋臼覆盖面和降低承重区压力。     

复位导向器在强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形截骨矫形术中的应用

目的 :探讨经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)治疗强直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)胸腰椎后凸畸形术中采用复位导向器预防截骨椎脱位的有效性。方法 :回顾性分析2014年4~12月在我院行单节段PSO矫形内固定术中应用复位导向器的27例AS胸腰椎后凸畸形患者。所有患者手术前后均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片并在矢状面上测量胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、全脊柱最大后凸Cobb角(global kyphosis,GK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)和矢状面平衡距离(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。随访观察神经并发症及截骨椎脱位情况,以截骨水平的头侧与尾侧脊椎间,截骨椎在矢状面上移位(sagittal translation,ST)大于5mm定义为截骨椎脱位。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术。平均随访5.2±2.4个月(3~12个月),术前TK为43.2°±10.6°,GK为72.6°±15.1°,LL为2.3°±13.5°,SVA为12.8±4.2cm;术后分别为42.9°±11.8°、38.2°±12.4°、-38.6°±13.0°和3.2±5.8cm;末次随访时分别为42.7°±10.5°、38.8°±15.2°、-38.4°±11.6°和3.3±6.4cm。除TK外,其余参数手术前后相比均有统计学意义(P0.01);末次随访时,TK、GK、LL及SVA的矫正丢失无统计学差异(P0.05)。无患者出现术中截骨椎脱位,除1例短暂性右下肢麻木外,无其他神经并发症发生。结论:采用PSO治疗强直性脊柱炎胸腰椎后凸畸形患者,术中应用复位导向器械能有效预防截骨椎脱位的发生。     

后路截骨矫形治疗低龄先天性脊柱后凸畸形的疗效分析

目的:评价经后路截骨内固定术治疗低龄(10岁以下)先天性脊柱后凸畸形的临床效果。方法:2009年10月~2013年5月采用经后路截骨椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗先天性脊柱后凸患者17例,男6例,女11例,手术时年龄64±21个月(37~109个月)。根据Winter分型:Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型5例。后凸顶椎均位于T10~L2之间。5例伴神经系统畸形。8例行后路椎体切除(PVCR),5例行经椎弓根截骨(PSO),4例行Ponte截骨,截骨后均采用后路自体骨或同种异体骨植骨椎弓根螺钉内固定。统计手术时间、术中出血量及手术并发症,观察矫形效果、内固定并发症、椎体融合情况等。结果:手术时间210±46min(130~300min),出血量650±330ml(200~1300ml);固定融合节段4.9±0.8个(4~6个)。随访34.7±10.4个月(24~51个月),矢状面节段性后凸Cobb角由术前61.5°±14.3°(42°~92°)矫正至术后20.7°±9.0(5°~42°),矫正率为(66.3±8.7)%,末次随访时为17.5°±9.5°(1°~36°),矫正率为(71.5±10.7)%,手术后Cobb角得到显著性改善(P0.01);矢状面平衡术前为-41.3±31.8mm,术后为-43.5±30.4mm,与术前比较无显著性变化(P0.05),末次随访时为-25.6±26.7mm,较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术后出现双下肢无力1例,排尿困难1例,术后2周恢复。术前腰背痛5例、排尿异常1例,术后6个月症状好转。1例患者术后7个月出现近端交界性后凸。随访期间未发现假关节及内固定相关并发症。结论:对低龄先天性脊柱后凸畸形患者早期行后路截骨、椎弓根螺钉内固定可显著改善后凸畸形,但术后不能立即达到脊柱矢状面平衡,而是在术后随生长发育逐渐恢复矢状面平衡。     

Factors Influencing Treatment Plan and Post Operative Compliance in TMJ Ankylosis Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Long Term Post Surgical Evaluation

Background and objective

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a clinical entity significant for a maxillofacial surgeon. Since time immemorial humanity is battling with this condition which is not just disfiguring the normal anatomy of the face but severely hampers the function of mastication. In this study we have tried to evaluate and correlate various factors leading to causation of ankylosis of TM Joint along with clinical manifestation and treatment planning as well as outcomes.

Study design

This is a retrospective study, records of 60 patients were selected out of which 28 patients reported for recall. Based on a predefined format, patients were evaluated and correlation was looked up on various accounts such as age of occurrence and age of reporting to the surgeon, probable etiology, sex distribution, treatment modality and postoperative outcome.

Results

The mean age of onset or occurrence was 4–7 years of age whereas age of reporting to the clinic was 16–17 years. Highest percentage of patients had trauma as an etiology (64 %) and the lowest percentage had congenital deformity (21 %). Three surgical techniques were evaluated and compared for their post surgical mouthopening, gap arthroplasty was done in 61 %, interpositional arthroplasty in 39 % and low ramus osteotomy in 21 %.

Conclusion

This study was aimed at analyzing the clinical form and function of the post surgical patient reviewing the recent radiographs to analyze the surgical site. The data collected was (1) Age of occurrence and age of reporting with the deformity (2) Etiological history (3) Sex and Side predisposition (4) Procedure used for correction of deformity (5) Recall (follow up) data especially recurrence and physiotherapy. We arrived at a conclusion that mean age of occurrence of deformity was approximately 4.7 years and age at which patient reported to clinic was 16.2 years. The main etiological factor was trauma (51 %) and ear infection (21 %). 57 % patients presented with unilateral deformity, with both the sides equally effected. The effectiveness of gap arthroplasty, interpositional arthroplasty and low ramus osteotomy procedures was evaluated. Gap arthroplasty and interpositional arthroplasty were found to be effective procedures. The importance of post operative physiotherapy was emphasised yet again through this study.     

An Evaluation of the Changes in Maxillary Pulpal Blood Flow Associated with Orthognathic Surgery

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Laser Döppler Flowmeter (LDF) in the measurement of pulpal blood flow following orthognathic surgery and to conduct an initial sudy of the effects of a Le Fort I osteotomy on the pulpal blood flow of the maxillary central incisors. The design consisted of a preliminary prospective controlled consecutive clinical trial undertaken at the Orthodontic Clinic, University Dental Hospital NHS Trust, Wales, 1994.

The study group consisted of 15 consecutive patients who were to receive a standard advancement Le Fort I osteotomy. Seven patients who were to undergo a mandibular advancement only acted as a control. A further 20 separate patients participated in a study for the assessment of measurement error. The blood flow in relative perfusion units v. time, was measured using a Laser Döppler Flowmeter.

Measurement error for flowmeter recordings with hand-held application and custom-made splint support showed no consistent difference or significant random variation between the two methods for holding the probe against the teeth (pooled S.D. of reproducibility 1/1=1.91/1.39 for custom splint location as opposed to 0.96/1.07 for hand-held/fixed bracket location).

For the surgical patients under investigation no significant differences for maxillary pulpal blood flow were found in the control group (mandibular osteotomy) over time. However, in the maxillary osteotomy patients there was a tendency for an initial rise in the maxillary perfusion post-surgery as measured at the central incisor pulps, followed by an overall reduction at 6 months. As an example, the mean value for the upper right central showed a significant increase of blood flow during the immediate post-operative period (P<0.05, but at 6 months after surgery demonstrated a statistically significant overall reduction in comparison with the presurgical reading (P<0.001).

The laser Döppler flowmeter is not an easy instrument to use in the clinical assessment of pulpal blood flow. However, it would appear from these longitudinal series of readings, taken over a 6-month period on 15 patients, that the maxillary perfusion recorded at the central incisor pulps may be permanently affected in many Le Fort I osteotomy patients. For patients that already have prejudiced blood supply this could lead to devitalization and discoloration of incisors. It is not known if this effect on the perfusion of the pulp continues beyond 6 months post-surgery.     

副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症

 目的 探讨副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月至2011年10月,采用副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症13例(16足),男4例,女9例;年龄18～64 岁,平均41.3岁。单足10例,双足3例;均有明显的跟骨外翻。术后以美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分评估后足功能,于X线片上测量足弓高度、跟骨倾斜角(CI)、距跟角(TC)、距骨-第一跖骨角(TMT)。结果 13例均获得随访,随访时间12~31个月,平均16.8个月。术后6个月时11例(13足)无任何疼痛,2例(3足)有长距离行走后足部疼痛。术后随访时AOFAS评分从术前(52.4±6.4)分提高至(88.1±2.8)分;负重侧位X线片上足弓高度从(3.8±0.3) mm提高至(12.0±1.1) mm,CI从9.5°±1.1°提高至20.1°±1.5°,TC从47.3°±2.5°改善至32.3°±2.5°,TMT从17.6°±1.6°改善至6.8°±1.0°;负重正位X线片上TC从39.5°±2.3°改善至26.2°±2.0°,TMT从15.2°±1.7°改善至6.3°±1.0°;轴位X线片上跟骨外翻角从11.3°±1.4°改善至4.2°±2.0°。结论 对与副舟骨相关的平足症的治疗,当存在后足外翻畸形时,副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术可以明显缓解疼痛,有效矫正畸形,近期疗效良好。     

Bilateral stress fractures of femoral neck in non-athletes: a report of four cases

Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are rare,constituting only 5％ of all stress fractures in young adults.These fractures are usually seen in athletes,military recruits and patients with underlying m...     

A minimally invasive technique for surgical treatment of hallux valgus: simple, effective, rapid, inexpensive (SERI)

Purpose

Several bony and soft tissue procedures have been described for the treatment of hallux valgus, and currently mini-invasive surgical techniques are preferred in order to reduce surgical trauma, complications, time of surgery and to allow an earlier recovery. The aim of this study is to analyse a series of 1,000 consecutive cases of hallux valgus, surgically treated by the minimally invasive SERI technique, reporting results at mid-term follow-up.

Methods

We prospectively studied 641 patients (1,000 feet) with symptomatic hallux valgus surgically treated by SERI osteotomy. Inclusion criteria were: age between 20 and 65 years, reducible mild or moderate hallux valgus, HVA ≤ 40°, IMA ≤ 20°, and arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint up to grade 2 according to the Regnauld classification.

Results

The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score rose from 46.8 ± 16.7 preoperatively to 89 ± 10.3 at last follow-up. Radiographic control at follow-up showed a complete healing of the osteotomy and remodelling of the metatarsal bone. Low rate of complication has been reported.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the SERI technique is effective in treating mild to moderate hallux valgus in terms of relief from symptoms and functional improvement. This technique allowed correction of the main parameters of the deformity, with durable clinical and radiographic results at a mid-term follow-up.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00264-013-1980-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.