乙型肝炎患者血清可溶性Fas和可溶性Fas配体水平的研究

目的 研究可溶性Ｆａｓ（ｓＦａｓ）和可溶怀Ｆａｓ配体（ｓＦａｓＬ）在乙型肝炎发病中的意义。方法 用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法检测３９例各种类型地乙型肝炎患者血清ｓＦａｓ和ｓＦａｓＬ含量及其与病变的关系。并以８例健康献血员血清作对照。结果 慢性肝炎（中～重型）血清中ｓＦａｓ含量较高,与其它各组比较有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）;重型肝炎血清中ｓＦａｓＬ含量较高,与其它各组比较亦有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

Structure and evolution of neuronal wiring receptors and ligands

One of the fundamental properties of a neuronal circuit is the map of its connections. The cellular and developmental processes that allow for the growth of axons and dendrites, selection of synaptic targets, and formation of functional synapses use neuronal surface receptors and their interactions with other surface receptors, secreted ligands, and matrix molecules. Spatiotemporal regulation of the expression of these receptors and cues allows for specificity in the developmental pathways that wire stereotyped circuits. The families of molecules controlling axon guidance and synapse formation are generally conserved across animals, with some important exceptions, which have consequences for neuronal connectivity. Here, we summarize the distribution of such molecules across multiple taxa, with a focus on model organisms, evolutionary processes that led to the multitude of such molecules, and functional consequences for the diversification or loss of these receptors.     

Participation of the Fas-Signaling System in the Initiation of Germ Cell Apoptosis in Young Rat Testes after Exposure to Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate

The Fas-signaling system is composed of the interacting proteins Fas (CD95/APO-1) and Fas ligand (FasL, CD95L, APO-1L) and is proposed to act in the testis as a paracrine signaling mechanism by which FasL-expressing Sertoli cells initiate apoptosis of Fas-bearing germ cells. Here we describe alterations in the expression of Fas and FasL in the testis after the intimate physical association between Sertoli cells and germ cells is disrupted by exposure to the Sertoli cell toxicant mono-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). Young, 28-day-old Fisher rats were treated with MEHP (2 g/kg po) and killed 0, 3, 6, and 12 h after exposure. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significant increase in the numbers of Fas-positive germ cells as well as increases in the expression of Sertoli cell FasL. Western blot analysis demonstrated a time-dependent increase in the production of the soluble form of FasL after MEHP exposure and suggests that it may participate in triggering apoptosis in germ cells that have lost their intimate association with the Sertoli cells. Measurement of Fas in cytosolic and membrane fractions of testis homogenates by Western blot analysis revealed a significant shift of Fas expression into the membrane fraction after MEHP exposure. Taken together, these observations indicate that the Fas-mediated paracrine signaling mechanism participates in triggering apoptosis of germ cells despite the loss of their close physical association with Sertoli cells. A working model is presented to explain the involvement of the Fas-system in stimulating germ cell apoptosis after MEHP exposure.     

Deletions in the ligand for CD40 in X-linked immunoglobulin deficiency with normal or elevated IgM (HIGMX-1)

Patients with X-linked Ig deficiency with normal or elevatedIgM (HIGMX-1) fail to switch from IgM/IgD to other Ig isotypes.Interaction between the B cell antigen CD40 and the CD40 ligandexpressed on activated T cells is critical for T cell drivenisotype switching. We have reported that T lymphocytes fromthree unrelated male patients with HIGMX-1 failed to expressCD40 ligand on their surface, but the mRNA for CD40 ligand wasof an apparently normal size and level. Analysis of CD40 ligandcDNA from two of the patients revealed deletions that alterthe reading frame. Patient 1 displayed two mutations: a C Atransversion at nucleotide 590 and the deletion of an adjacentC nucleotide. The second patient had a 58 bp deletion from nucleotides289–346. Furthermore, neither patient expressed a proteinproduct detectable by the CD40L mAb, 5c8.     

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I,-II and IGF-binding proteins in the cyst fluid of a patient with astrocytoma

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I,-II and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) were demonstrated in the cyst fluid of a patient with a hypothalamic astrocytoma. The astrocytoma cyst fluid was subjected to gel chromatography at low pH and the IGF-I and IGF-II levels were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Immunoreactive IGF-I and IGF-II levels were 19 ng/ml and 78 ng/ml respectively. Several-fold higher IGF-II values were obtained when cyst fluid was not extracted or was extracted with acid ethanol before radioimmunoassay analysis. The immunoreactive IGFBP-1 concentration was 26 ng/ml. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequent Western ligand blotting with [¹²⁵I]IGF-II revealed bands at 200, 34.5, 29.5, 24 and 21 kD as visualized by autoradiography. Binding studies demonstrated that these binding proteins bind specifically [¹²⁵I]IGF-I and [¹²⁵I]IGF-II. These observations suggest that IGFs as well as IGF-binding proteins are produced by astrocytoma cells and may act in a paracrine or autocrine fashion capable of modulating the growth of astrocytoma tumours.     

细胞因子对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达CD40和CD40L的影响

ＣＤ40 ＣＤ40Ｌ是一对互补的跨膜糖蛋白 ,在机体免疫应答中起重要作用 ,近年来的研究表明这一对配体 -受体参与了ＡＳ的发生和发展[1] 。ＡＳ的形成与发展过程中可有多种细胞因子参与和合成多种细胞因子。本文研究细胞因子γ干扰素 (ＩＦＮ γ)、肿瘤坏死因子 (ＴＮＦ)、白介素 6(ＩＬ 6)和白介素 1(ＩＬ 1)对人脐静脉内皮细胞表达ＣＤ40及ＣＤ40Ｌ的影响 ,以期揭示ＣＤ40 ＣＤ40Ｌ在ＡＳ发生中的作用地位。1　材料和方法1.1　材料　ＩＦＮ γ、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ 6、ＩＬ 1、ＣＤ40和ＣＤ40Ｌ单抗购自Ｐｈａｒｍｉｎｇｅｎ公司 ,鼠ＩｇＧＰＥ…     

TRAIL基因原核表达载体的构建、表达与抗体制备

目的:获取抗肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)抗体.方法:利用PCR技术和基因重组技术将TRAIL基因构建于原核表达载体pPreTMH-Tb中,经酶切、测序鉴定证实构建完全正确后,通过IPTG诱导在大肠杆菌DH-5α中获得表达,并将TRAIL蛋白免疫家兔,通过Dot blot及Western blot检测抗TRAIL抗体的产生.结果:成功构建TRAIL基因原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌DH-5α中获得表达,TRAIL蛋白表达量占菌体蛋白质总量的11.8%,Dot blot及Western blot检测证实获得了抗TRAIL抗体.结论:成功制备抗TRAIL抗体,这为TRAIL在真核细胞水平研究奠定了实验基础.     

宫颈癌组织中Fas、FasL及caspase-8表达及其临床意义

目的 研究Fas、FasL及caspase-8蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的表达及其临床意义，并探讨其在宫颈肿瘤细胞免疫逃避中的作用。方法 采用免疫组化法检测52例宫颈癌、18例宫颈上皮内瘤祥病变组织(CIN)及其肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)，10例慢性宫颈炎，10例正常宫颈上皮中Fas、FasL和caspase-8蛋白表达情况。结果 Fas及FasL在宫颈癌组织中的表达率与慢性宫颈炎及正常组织比较有显著性差异(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)，宫颈鳞癌明显高于宫颈腺癌(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)。Fas阳性表达率随着组织学分级的升高而降低，FasL则增高(P＜0．01)；有淋巴结转移者FasL阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移者(P＜0．01)；Fas及FasL表达与患者年龄、临床分期无关(P＞0．05)。宫颈癌TIL的Fas及FasL表达明显高于CIN(P＜0．01)；caspase-8在宫颈癌组织中的表达明显低于正常宫颈上皮及慢性宫颈炎组织(P＜0．01)，caspase-8表达与宫颈癌患者年龄，临床分期，组织学类型无关(P＞0．05)，有淋巴结转移者明显低于无淋巴结转移者(P＜0．05)，随着组织学分级的降低，caspase-8表达亦明显降低，但无显著性差异。结论 宫颈癌能通过Fas，caspase-8低表达及FasL高表达，逃避机体免疫监视以促使肿瘤发生发展及转移。     

神经亲免素配体(NILs)的研究进展

介绍神经亲免素配体在设计、合成、构效关系以及促神经生长和神经保护研究方面的一些进展.     

重组人TRAIL促卵巢癌细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的:分析重组人可溶性肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)分子诱导卵巢癌细胞的凋亡。方法:观察重组人可溶性TRAIL对卵巢癌细胞直接细胞毒作用,MTT法分析不同浓度TRAIL对卵巢癌细胞3AO、HO-8910的生长抑制率,采用流式细胞技术观察TRAIL作用于3AO后的凋亡率的变化。结果:重组人可溶性TRAIL蛋白可抑制卵巢癌细胞生长,诱导卵巢癌细胞发生凋亡;倒置显微镜下观察细胞呈现圆形固缩形态,细胞凋亡之后存活细胞减少。结论:重组人可溶性TRAIL具有明显诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡的活性,并具有量效性及时效性。其抑制卵巢癌细胞机制可能与其促凋亡作用有关。