5-HT3 receptor over-expression enhances ethanol sensitivity in mice

 Ethanol sensitivity may play a role in the risk of developing alcoholism. The role of 5-HT₃ receptors in sensitivity to ethanol was assessed in mice over-expressing the 5-HT₃ receptor in the forebrain. Sleep time and ED₅₀ for loss of righting reflex (LRR) were used to assess the effect of a high dose of ethanol in transgenic versus non-transgenic mice. The ED₅₀ for ethanol-induced increase in open field activity was used to measure differences in sensitivity to low dose ethanol. The ED₅₀ for ethanol-induced increase in activity was 41% lower in the 5-HT₃ receptor over-expressing transgenic mice compared to non-transgenic mice. However, 5-HT₃ receptor over-expressing mice did not differ from control mice in ethanol metabolism, ED₅₀ for LRR, and ethanol sleep time. Over-expression of 5-HT₃ receptors in mouse forebrain results in an enhanced sensitivity to the stimulating effects of a low dose of ethanol without altering ethanol sedating effects or ethanol metabolism. These data suggest that 5-HT₃ receptors modulate low dose ethanol sensitivity and may explain why, in previous studies, these mice consume less ethanol. Received: 11 December 1998 / Final version: 24 February 1999     

Is male gender a risk factor for conversion of laparoscopic into open cholecystectomy?

Background: Based on a clinical observation that the conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to open cholecystectomy (OC) is higher in males, we decided to review our records and to verify whether a significant difference in conversion rates exists between sexes. Methods: A retrospective study on conversion rates of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) into open cholecystectomy (LC) in relation to gender was carried out in 329 patients: 267 females and 62 males. Results: Our data revealed that the probability of conversion is fivefold greater in males than females, 21% vs 4.5%, respectively (p=0.0001). We attribute this striking difference to significantly more adhesions (p=0.0002) and anatomical difficulties (p=0.003) in males during LC, leading to conversion. Conclusions: We conclude that conversion of LC to OC is more prevalent among males and is probably attributable to a greater incidence of anatomical difficulties.     

Different behavioural patterns induced by apomorphine: evidence that the method of administration determines the behavioural response to the drug

The behavioural effects of s.c. injected apomorphine was studied on habituated rats in a test-box designed to measure 8 different components of behaviour. Apomorphine, 1 mg/kg, induced two different behaviours: The "G-type" of behaviour characterized by compulsive gnawing and the "LS-type" of behaviour characterized by increased locomotion, sniffing and repetitive head and limb movements. G-type behaviour was induced when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the flank of the animal. LS-type behaviour was induced both when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the neck and when it was dissolved by heating together with a high concentration of ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml) and injected s.c. into the flank. G-type behaviour could not be elicited by changing the dose which induced LS-type behaviour or vice versa. We therefore conclude that these different behavioural effects of apomorphine were not dose--response effects but were elicited by at least two different synaptic mechanisms in the brain. Experimentally induced changes from one of these apomorphine-induced behaviours to another can therefore not merely be interpreted as a change in the intensity of the behavioural response as is done in e.g. commonly used stereotypy rating scales.     

经尿道前列腺汽化与开放性手术对老年前列腺增生患者术后性功能的影响

目的评价经尿道前列腺汽化(TUVP)和开放性手术对老年前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响.方法分别统计分析经尿道前列腺汽化组(TUVP组)、耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除组(SPP组)和耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除组(Madigan组)术后6个月、1 2个月勃起障碍(ED)与逆行射精(RE)的发生率.结果术后6个月ED的发生率在TUVP组(n=52)、SPP组(n=46)、Madigan组(n=32)分别为1 3.4%(7/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后12个月ED的发生率分别为11.5%(6/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后6个月、1 2个月RE的发生率在TUVP组、SPP组、Madigan组分别为46.2%(24/5 2)、39.1%(1 8/46)、9.3%(3/32).结论TUVP与传统开放性手术SPP及Madigan手术相比较对勃起障碍的影响无统计学差异(p＞0.05),但逆行射精的发生率较Madigan手术组高,提示对术后射精功能有较大影响.     

利用TRS建立生物医学开放存取全文期刊资源导航库

结合大连医科大学图书馆的生物医学开放存取（Open Access，OA）全文期刊资源导航库建设实践，侧重OA全文期刊资源整合，论述了应用TRS系统建立数据库的具体步骤，包括网上生物医学OA全文期刊资源的获取、建立TRS数据库、数据库在因特网的发布、数据库的维护更新等几个方面。最后提出OA全文期刊资源数据库发展前景。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶术的效果比较

目的评价腹腔镜与开放性手术行肾囊肿去顶术的临床价值,并探讨经腹腔及后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的适应证及疗效。方法采用经腹腔及后腹腔腹腔镜行肾囊肿去顶术23例,其中经腹腔路径8例,腹膜后路径15例,并回顾分析比较30例开放性肾囊肿去顶术。结合两组临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后止痛剂的使用、住院时间等进行比较。结果腹腔镜组手术时间45～120分钟,平均66分钟,其中经腹腔路径平均55分钟,腹膜后路径平均70分钟。术后恢复快,无1例发生并发症。与开放手术比较,腹腔镜手术的手术时间、术后并发症以及术后住院天数均明显减少。结论腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的疗效明显优于传统开放性手术,甚至可取代开放性手术。     

Results of Treating Vertebral Metastases by Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Combined with Interventional Chemotherapy

OBJECTIVE Vertebral metastases are a common manifestation in patients with advanced cancer and treatment is often ineffective. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of treating vertebral metastases by percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP） combined with interventional chemotherapy. METHODS Seventy-five patients with vertebral metastases （42 men, 33 women; ages 31-76 years） were divided into 2 groups： 39 cases were treated by PVP combined with chemotherapy （VPCC group）, and 36 cases were treated by PVP alone （VP group）. All procedures were guided by computed tomography （CT） scanning. The results and complications were evaluated by a questionnaire regarding pain and routine follow-up. RESULTS The response rate was significantly higher in the VPCC group than in the VP group （93.0% vs 74.4%, P〈0.05）; total response rates for the VPCC and VP groups were 25.6% and 10.3% respectively. A common complication related to VPCC was transient aggravating pain. CONCLUSION PVP may ameliorate pain, and consolidate the vertebrae of patients with vertebral metastases. Its short-term effect may be enhanced by adding drugs into the bone cement.     

Epidemiologic Correlation and Drug Resistance Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Different Open Limb Injury External Conditions

ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological correlation and drug resistance of external factors of infection caused by open injury of limbs to pathogens.MethodsThis experiment is a retrospective study. We took the geographical location and climate of Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China as the background, analyzed 2017 strains of pathogens from 1589 patients with limb trauma infection in a University Affiliated Hospital from 2012 to 2017. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type of incision: I, In‐hospital infection of clean limb incision, II, In‐hospital infection with open injury, III, Community infection with open injury of the limb. Groups II and Groups III were divided into six subgroups according to the causes of trauma, including: accidents from non‐motor vehicles, machinery, cutting/piercing, pedestrian injuries, struck by/against, pedal cycles, and other injuries. We found eight common pathogens of orthopedic infection, which were mainly divided into Gram‐positive bacteria (G+, mainly including Staphylococcus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (G‐, mainly Enterobacteriaceae). The relationship between main pathogens and damage mechanism, apparent temperature and relative humidity was discussed in this study. SPSS v22.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data. Friedman''s two‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the difference between the injury mechanism and incidence of pathogenic bacteria. Linear regression was used to determine the trend between the incidence of major pathogens and seasonal temperature and humidity. The level of significance was set as P < 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between Groups II and Groups III (P>0.05). The drug resistance of Groups III was significantly higher than that of Groups II and Groups I. G+ bacteria were resistant to cephalosporin, ceftriaxone and other cephalosporins and erythromycin and other macrolides. They were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. G‐ were resistant to the first‐ and the second‐generation cephalosporins, including cefotetan and cefazolin, and ampicillin and other penicillins, while they were sensitive to third‐generation cephalosporins, such as ceftazidime, as well as to levofloxacin and other quinolones, meropenem, and other beta‐lactamases. The correlation between the injury mechanism and infection of pathogenic bacteria was not significant. The monthly average apparent temperature and relative humidity were correlated with the infection rate of pathogenic bacteria.ConclusionIn open injury of extremities, apparent temperature and relative humidity is an important risk factor for infection by pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in out‐of‐hospital infection was lower than that of hospital infection.     

开放手术与关节镜辅助手术治疗膝关节脱位的疗效比较

目的 比较开放手术与关节镜辅助手术治疗膝关节脱位的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究分析2013年5月至2019年9月兰州大学第二医院收治的80例膝关节脱位患者的临床资料,其中男59例,女21例;年龄18～66岁[(42.5 ± 11.6)岁].49例行开放多韧带重建术(开放组),31例行关节镜辅助多韧带重建术(关...     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗肾结石的研究进展

肾结石是泌尿系统的常见病、多发病,如不能采取科学有效的治疗方式,会导致尿路感染,造成尿路阻塞,病情严重者甚至会引起肾实质萎缩,对肾功能产生严重损害.临床针对肾结石的主要治疗方案为实施手术,且选取合适的手术术式对改善患者预后至关重要.近年来,随着国内外科医疗技术的不断进步,微创经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)取得了较大的进展,...