单侧与双侧椎弓根入路椎体成形术治疗高龄骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效比较

目的探讨单侧与双侧椎弓根入路经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效及价值。方法回顾分析2007年12月～2011年2月我院56例获得6个月以上随访的女性骨质疏松性单个椎体压缩性骨折的临床资料,其中采用单侧椎弓根t入路经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗30例,双侧椎弓根入路经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗26例,比较2组患者手术时间、骨水泥填充量、X线照射次数及术后VAS评分。结果单侧组手术时间（25±6）min显著少于双侧组（45±5）rain（t=-13．426,P=0．011）。单侧组骨水泥渗漏率10．0％（3／30）,与双侧组3．8％（1／26）无显著差异（X^2=0．138,P=0．710）。单侧组术中X线曝光（10．5±2．5）次,显著少于双侧组（19．4±3．0）次（t=-12．110,P=0．000）。2组术后24h、术后6、12个月VAS评分无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论单侧与双侧椎弓根入路经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折均能取得良好效果。单侧穿刺方法手术时间短,X线暴露次数少;双侧入路穿刺方法手术操作相对简单。     

封闭负压引流技术结合组织瓣移植治疗胫腓骨严重开放性骨折

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术结合组织瓣移植,治疗胫腓骨严重开放性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2009年8月至2012年8月,对21例严重胫腓骨开放性骨折,行一期清创,骨折采用外固定架固定,应用封闭负压引流技术结合组织瓣移植治疗。结果术后随访10~36个月,所有患者骨折愈合良好,均无骨髓炎发生,功能恢复满意。结论封闭负压引流技术能改善创面软组织条件,结合组织瓣移植修复,是治疗胫腓骨严重开放性损伤的有效方法。     

单侧椎弓根外侧入路椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床研究

目的探讨单侧经椎弓根外侧入路在椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)的特点与疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年1月～2012年1月我院收治的60例OVCFs患者(共85个椎体)的临床资料,均采用单侧椎弓根外侧入路行PVP术。受伤至手术时间平均5.7(3～31)d。术中观察穿刺针针尖达到椎体中线的比率、手术时间、出血量、骨水泥灌注量、骨水泥向椎体外渗漏率以及患者的满意度,比较术前、术后1 d及术后12月随访时视觉疼痛评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)、后凸角的改善率。结果 60例(85个椎体)均经单侧椎弓根外入路完成PVP操作。手术时间31～52 min,术中出血0～5 ml,骨水泥灌注量2.0～4.5 ml。骨水泥在椎体内分布对称,无穿刺并发症。5个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率5.9%。术后均获得随访,随访时间12个月。VAS评分术前平均为8.17±0.52,术后1 d平均为3.72±0.35,术后12月平均为2.21±0.25,三者比较,术前与术后1 d、术后12月时VAS评分差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),疼痛均得到了明显改善;术前、术后1 d及术后12月时Cobb角分别为9.50°±3.19°、9.41°±3.08°、9.45°±2.83°,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),椎体高度无明显塌陷。患者满意率达100%。结论单侧椎弓根外穿刺入路行PVP术治疗胸腰椎OVCFs是一种安全、可行和有效的治疗方法。     

Pelvimetry and patient acceptability compared between open 0.5-T and closed 1.5-T MR systems

Our objective was to compare maternal pelvimetry and patient acceptability between open low-field (0.5-T) and closed 1.5-T MR systems. Thirty women referred for pelvimetry (pregnant: n=15) were scanned twice in the supine position, once in the vertical open system and once in the closed system. Each patient completed a comfort and acceptability questionnaire. Pelvimetric and questionnaire data were compared between systems. Total scan time was double in the open system (7:52±1:47 vs 3:12±1:20 min). Poor image quality in the open system prevented assessment of interspinous and intertuberous diameters in one woman and all measurements in another, both pregnant, with abdominal circumferences >120 cm. The open system was much more acceptable in terms of claustrophobia and confinement (both p<0.01). Claustrophobia interrupted one closed examination. Thirty-three percent of pregnant women in both systems reported fear of fetal harm. Sixty percent of all women preferred the open system, 7% the closed system, and 33% had no preference. Limits of agreement of 3–5% from the mean for all diameters confirmed good pelvimetric reproducibility. Women's preference for open-system MR pelvimetry is feasible with abdominal circumferences ≤120 cm. Electronic Publication     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松所致腰背痛

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗老年性骨质疏松性椎体骨折所致腰背疼痛的早期临床效果。方法1年半内33例有1周～3个月腰背疼痛体活动受限需镇痛治疗的老年患者(男9例，女24例)年龄为56～87岁．经临床CT、MRI确诊为骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折，在C臂X光引导下完成经皮穿刺椎体成形术。结果31例(92．9％)患者24h内疼痛消失，2例(16．1％)疼痛减轻。治疗效果采用WHO标准CR PR率为100％。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术是一种有价值的治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折的微创治疗技术，能迅速缓解老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折所致的疼痛．加固椎体，增强脊柱稳定性。     

The effects of preweaning manganese exposure on spatial learning ability and p-CaMKIIα level in the hippocampus

BackgroundThe effects and mechanisms of preweaning Manganese (Mn) exposure on cognitive dysfunction remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of preweaning Mn exposure on spatial learning and memory as well as the protein expression of CaMKIIα and p-CaMKIIα.MethodsWe treated neonate rats with Mn²⁺ doses of 0 (control group), 10, 20 and 30 mg of Mn²⁺ per kg body weight (Mn-exposed groups) over postnatal day (PND) 1–21 by intraperitoneal injection. The ability of spatial learning and memory was tested on PND 22 using the Morris water maze (MWM), while the protein expressions of CaMKIIα and p-CaMKIIα in the hippocampus were evaluated by Western blotting. The levels of Mn in the blood and hippocampus were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).ResultsThe rats in Mn-exposed groups showed a significant delay in spatial learning ability on the third day of the MWM without dose-dependent differences, but there was no effect on the spatial memory ability. p-CaMKIIα, but not CaMKIIα protein expression significantly reduced in the Mn-exposed group.ConclusionThese findings suggested that the inhibition of p-CaMKIIα could be one of the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of Mn-induced cognitive impairments.     

PVP与保守治疗骨质疏松椎体极重度压缩性骨折的临床疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与保守治疗极重度骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2019年6月52例极重度骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者的随访资料,其中行PVP 25例(PVP组),保守治疗27例(保守组)。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后6 d、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年伤椎前后缘高度、后凸角、疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和活动能力。结果 52例患者均获得随访。平均随访15个月,治疗前两组患者具有可比性。治疗后6 d和随访期间PVP组的椎体前缘高度、后凸角、VAS评分、ODI、活动能力均较治疗前改善(P<0.01),而且明显优于保守组(P<0.01)。PVP组5例无症状骨水泥渗漏,4例其他节段骨折,保守组7例其他节段骨折(P>0.05)。结论 PVP治疗骨质疏松椎体极重度压缩性骨折与保守治疗比较能快速有效缓解患者疼痛,改善生活功能。     

Comparison of Stent Free Cell Area and Cerebral Lesions after Unprotected Carotid Artery Stent Placement

Objective

This study evaluates the correlation between closed, semi-closed and open-cell stent design and the association between stent type and clinical outcome as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Design

A total of 194 patients who underwent unprotected carotid artery stenting (CAS) as well as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) before and after intervention were retrospectively reviewed.

Materials and methods

Three stent designs were studied: closed cell, semi-closed cell and open cell. Spearman’s Rho test was performed between the stent free cell area and the number and area of ischaemic lesions found after intervention. Adverse events were evaluated.

Results

There was no significant difference in clinical outcome between the three stent groups (Zilver, Cook Europe, Denmark; Smart, Codman, MA; and Wallstent, Stryker, MN, USA). A significant correlation was found between the stent free cell area and the number and area of new ischaemic lesions on DW-MRI (P = 0.023). There were significantly fewer new lesions with an open-cell design (Zilver; 12.76 mm² free cell area) than with a closed-cell design (Wallstent; 1.08 mm² free cell area).

Conclusions

Open-cell stent was related to a lower number and area of silent cerebral ischaemic lesions after unprotected CAS. However, clinical outcome, measured by incidence of adverse events and clinical neurologic assessment, was not significantly different between patients with different stent designs.     

封闭式负压引流联合反植皮一期闭合开放性创伤截肢创面的临床分析

目的对比观察封闭式负压引流技术(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)联合反取皮和直接反取皮治疗开放性创伤截肢创面的疗效。方法 2005年3月-2010年6月,应用随机单盲法对收治的60例四肢开放性骨折截肢患者分别采用一期VSD联合反取中厚皮片植皮(试验组,30例)与一期单纯反取中厚皮片植皮覆盖截肢创面(对照组,30例)治疗。两组患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、截肢部位、皮肤缺损面积、术前白蛋白指数及受伤至就诊时间等一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组截肢后剪除多余残肢皮肤应用皮鼓取皮制成中厚交错筛网状皮片,植于截肢创面,表面用VSD覆盖,24 h不间断吸引持续7～10 d;对照组截肢后直接行反取中厚皮片覆盖创面,术后常规换药。结果试验组患者于术后平均8 d去除VSD装置。试验组皮片存活率(90.0%)、创面感染率(3.3%)及再截肢率(0)、换药次数[(2.0±0.5)次]、住院时间[(12.0±2.6)d],均显著优于对照组[分别为63.3%、20.0%、13.3%、(8.0±1.5)次、(18.0±3.2)d],比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者均获随访,随访时间1～3年,平均2年。末次随访时,试验组瘢痕面积、瘢痕分级及创面两点辨别觉均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者残肢均未见明显肿胀;术后试验组患肢疼痛发生率、残肢长度均优于对照组(P<0.05),而患肢残端形状比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组残肢与健侧相比较,均存在肌肉废用性萎缩、肌力下降,各组健侧与患侧肌力比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组患侧间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与单纯反取中厚皮片比较,VSD联合反取中厚皮片能够一期关闭截肢创面并对创面进行引流,降低感染发生,促进皮片与创面良好贴附,提高了皮片存活率,降低了截肢平面,利于假肢佩戴,是一期处理截肢创面的理想方法之一。     

一期内固定结合椎体成形术治疗脊柱跳跃性骨折合并骨质疏松症

目的 评价后路一期内固定结合椎体成形术治疗脊柱跳跃性骨折临床效果.方法 对15例(33椎)脊柱跳跃性骨折患者行一期后路钉棒内固定结合椎休成形术.术前行MRI或CT检查,在骨折累及三柱节段或神经损伤处行内固定,视椎管占位情况决定是否减压,对椎体后壁完整椎体行椎体成形术.结果 患者均获随访,时间5~24个月.无感染,伤口均一期愈合;无内固定失败;无继发后凸畸形加重,无迟发神经损伤;有神经损伤的患者均不有同程度的恢复.结论 一期后路内固定结合椎体成形术是治疗脊柱跳跃性骨折合并骨质疏松症的安全有效的方法.