外固定器治疗小腿下段开放性骨折

目的：探讨外固定器对小腿下段开放性骨折的疗效。方法：12例患者经整复骨折后,在骨折断端各贯穿2枚3.5mm骨圆针,旋紧连接杆螺母使骨折面昆密接触,然后根据伤口具体情况关闭伤口。3周后功能锻炼。X线复查证实骨折达到或接近临床愈合时拆除外固定器,改用小夹板保护至骨折完全愈合。结果：10例达到临床愈合。2例6个月后达到临床愈合。结论：骨外固定器在小腿下段开放性骨折治疗中,既固定了骨折,又不干扰创口愈合,优于切开复位内固定、骨牵引或石膏固定等传统方法。     

一针法修补上消化道穿孔

目的 探讨上消化道穿孔修补方法的改进及疗效。方法 将5年内收治的286例上消化道穿孔病人分成A、B两组,A组行带血管蒂大网膜束填塞一针修补,大网膜束缝合覆盖;B组采用传统术式。结果 A组146例病人平均手术时间38分钟,平均住院天数8天,术后随访一年,无1例幽门狭窄或梗阻发生。B组140例病人平均手术时间52分钟,平均住院天数10天,术后随访一年,经钡餐及胃镜检查证实为术后疤痕性幽门管狭窄26例。结论 两组比较带血管蒂大网膜束填塞一针修补上消化道穿孔明显优于传统的多针修补。     

倍骼生在颌骨小范围缺损修复中的应用

目的：观察倍骼生（Perioglas)在颌骨小范围缺损修复治疗中的应用效果。方法：对34例牙源性颌骨囊肿手术后缺损（直径≤30mm)和40例因 牙槽骨高度或厚度不足需行种植修复的病例应用倍骼生植入修复缺损,术后拍片检查并测量植入物高度的变化,观察其密度的变化。结果：倍骼生植入初期高度逐渐变低,密度逐渐降低,但4周以后高度不再减低,密度开始回升。8周以后渐趋近正常骨组织密度。 结论：倍骼生在骨缺损区植入时有骨引导和骨诱导的作用,对缺损区早期形成有功能性的、成熟的骨组织有促进作用。     

缺氧和血清剥夺诱导的PC12细胞DNA损伤与修复

探讨 PC12细胞在缺氧 ( 3 7℃ ,5 % O2 ,95 % N2 )、血清剥夺条件下 DNA损伤与修复、凋亡、坏死或生存的变化规律。应用单细胞凝胶电泳技术、流式细胞学技术检测在不同时间点 ,缺氧、无血清培养等诱导下对 PC12细胞单链 DNA损伤与修复、凋亡的影响。结果发现在 PC12细胞 DNA损伤值均在 0 .5 h时达第一个峰值 ,随后下降。 3 h后DNA损伤数值再次逐渐增加并达到最高值。细胞凋亡峰值略滞后于 DNA损伤峰值 ,并于 DNA损伤程度基本相平行。提示 PC12细胞在缺氧和血清剥夺条件下存在 DNA损伤与修复的动态变化过程 ,DNA损伤后可能直接诱导细胞凋亡 ,DNA损伤程度在早期与细胞凋亡程度相一致     

Abdominal aortic aneurysm: epidemiology,screening and work-up for repair

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the infra-renal abdominal aorta to greater than 3 cm. Population screening is offered to men in the year of their 65th birthday in the UK. Patients with small, asymptomatic AAAs (<5.5 cm) are entered into surveillance programmes and have their cardiovascular risk factors managed aggressively. An AAA ≥5.5 cm diameter, or one which is symptomatic, should be considered for surgical repair to prevent rupture. Aneurysm repair can be undertaken using either an open surgical or endovascular approach; the decision should be tailored to the individual patient and made by the surgeon and patient, with input from a multi-disciplinary team.     

¿Puede la cirugía mínimamente invasiva resultar en sitios inusuales de metástasis?

ObjectiveTo compare sites of metastasis for the laparoscopic (LRC) and open (ORC) approaches in a cohort of patients at a district general hospital. Morbidity and mortality for the two approaches are assessed using secondary outcomes of length of stay and complication rate. Metastasis rate and site are compared.MethodsA retrospective case note review was carried out for all patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder malignancy at Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield between 2010 and 2016 (n = 219). There were 150 males and 69 females in 107 minimally invasive cases and 87 open (missing data on 25 cases). Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel XLSTAT.ResultsRecurrence rate was 25.1% and did not differ significantly with approach (p = 0.89). Sites of recurrence did not differ with operative approach, the most frequent being pelvis, chest and bone. Unusual sites of recurrence included abdominal wall and sigmoid colon which both occurred in LRC. Length of stay was greater for the open approach (median LRC = 10, ORC = 13, p < 0.01). Five-year survival was 74.9%. Survival distribution did not significantly differ with operative approach (p = 0.43), and there was no significant association between operative approach and patient death within the follow-up period (p = 0.09). Stricture rate was 4.1% and was not significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.29). Median time to stricture was 130 days. Clavien-Dindo scores for complications did not differ with approach (p = 0.93), and there was no significant association between operative approach and whether complications developed (p = 0.19).ConclusionsThe adverse oncological outcomes in minimally invasive approaches suggested by some studies are not confirmed here. Those in the LRC group were discharged sooner, though this did not translate into differences in morbidity or survival. Analysis of the association between individual complications and length of stay may clarify this further. Shorter hospital stay is also likely to have significant financial implications.Despite no significant difference in outcomes, the findings demonstrate potential benefits of LRC. Extensions of this study could include: cost-benefit analysis, examination of individual complications’ effect on length of stay; and analysis of approach-specific factors contributing to perioperative deaths.     

How defective spermatogenesis affects sperm DNA integrity

Spermatogenesis is the essential process to maintain and promote male fertility. It is extraordinarily complex with many regulatory elements and numerous steps. The process involves several cell types, regulatory molecules, repair mechanisms and epigenetic regulators. Evidence has shown that fertility can be negatively impacted by reduced sperm DNA integrity. Sources of sperm DNA damage include replication errors and causes of DNA fragmentation which include abortive apoptosis, defective maturation and oxidative stress. This review outlines the process of spermatogenesis, spermatogonial regulation and sperm differentiation; additionally, DNA damage and currently studied DNA repair mechanisms in spermatozoon are also covered.     

Capsular Management in Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized,Single-Blind,Controlled Trial

BackgroundThe direct anterior approach (DAA) is a popular approach to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Unlike the posterior approach, the importance of anterior capsular management is unknown. This randomized controlled trial compares capsular repair versus capsulectomy.MethodsThis single-surgeon, single-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial occurred between 2013 and 2016. Patients undergoing unilateral, primary THA for osteoarthritis consented to undergo blinded, simple randomization to anterior capsulotomy with repair or anterior capsulectomy. Primary outcome measures included hip range of motion, hip flexion strength, and pain with seated hip flexion. Secondary outcome measures included surgical time, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, and hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score. Data were prospectively collected intraoperatively, six weeks, six months, an average of over 5 years postoperatively.ResultsNinety-eight patients were ultimately enrolled in the trial; 50 received capsulectomy and 48 received capsulotomy. No significant differences were seen in preoperative demographics or in primary or secondary outcomes during this study. No difference was seen in pain at final follow-up at average > 5 years postoperatively.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that capsular management in DAA THA does not affect postoperative pain or range of motion. The anterior capsule’s role in prosthetic stability after DAA THA remains uncertain, but it does not currently appear that repair provides benefit and may lead to increased surgical time and blood loss. As such, capsular management in DAA THA is at surgeon discretion.