螺旋CT轴位扫描及重建对隐匿性骨折的临床应用价值研究

目的 探讨螺旋CT轴位扫描及重建（MPR、3D）在隐匿性骨折诊断中的临床价值。方法 选择34例隐匿性骨折患者，将螺旋CT薄层（2-5mm）扫描的容积数据转输至工作站进行MPR和3D处理，并对轴位、MPR和3D图像进行比较。结果 轴位在二维平面内清晰显示隐匿性骨折的基本情况，但MPR和3D能更好显示隐匿性骨折。MPR可以从任意平面和曲面观察隐匿性骨折及周围结构，3D能通过旋转和切割技术充分曝露病变，直观、逼真的显示隐匿性骨折立体关系。结论 螺旋CT对隐匿性骨折的诊断具有很高应用价值。MPR、3D及轴位图像的联合应用，为临床医师提供立体、直观、多方位的影像信息，有利于临床治疗方案的选择。     

心先安防治心肌缺血老年病人围术期心肌梗死的效果观察

目的研究环磷酸腺苷葡胺(心先安,McAMP)围术期对心肌缺血老年病人心肌梗死的预防和治疗作用。方法40例有心肌缺血基础的老年病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各20例。治疗组在麻醉诱导前10min静脉注射心先安20mg,随后160mg加入100ml0.9%氯化钠注射液中持续缓慢静脉滴注;对照组静脉滴注0.9%氯化钠注射液。术中纪录心电图各导联ST段水平、MAP和HR,并计算HR与SBP的乘积(RPP);同时抽取外周静脉血检测术前、术毕、术后24h血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平。结果术中对照组出现明显的ST段下降和RPP升高,与治疗组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组术后cTnI水平的升高程度较对照组为低(P<0.05)。术后对照组有2例出现灶性心肌梗死。结论心先安预防和治疗老年患者围术期心肌缺血、心肌梗死具有较好的作用。     

四肢长骨病理性骨折的治疗

目的分析石膏托和交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨、桡骨病理性骨折的疗效。方法30例病理骨折(26例骨折、4例临界骨折)采用交锁髓内钉治疗,9例采用石膏托外固定。6例良性病变行病灶刮除、自体和(或)异体骨移植;15例转移癌13例行病灶姑息切除、骨水泥填充加强,2例单纯闭合穿钉固定。结果6例良性病变患者获随访,骨折首次术后平均4.5个月愈合;因复发或内固定失败需再手术2例。15例转移癌获随访,疼痛缓解功能恢复满意。结论交锁髓内钉是治疗股骨、胫骨、肱骨病理性骨折理想的内固定物,外固定可缓解疼痛,但有关节僵硬等并发症。     

人工假体置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间不稳定型骨折

目的 :探讨水泥型人工假体置换术治疗高龄老人不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的新方法。方法 :应用水泥型人工假体置换治疗高龄老年人不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折 2 2例。结果 :术后均在 14 d内下床活动 ,无肺炎、褥疮等并发症发生。经 0 .5 a～ 2 a随访 ,未发生假体下沉、松动现象 ,髋关节功能优良率达 90 %。结论 :人工假体置换是一种治疗高龄老年人不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法 ,利于早期康复。     

”Spinolaminar breach”: an important sign in cervical spinous process fractures

Objective. To report the sign of ”spinolaminar breach” and its likely importance in fractures of the cervical spinous processes. Design. Six cases of spinous process fractures demonstrating disruption of the spinolaminar line or ”spinolaminar breach” were analyzed. Lateral and anteroposterior radiographs (n=6), CT scans (n=3) and MRI scans (n=1) were reviewed together by the authors, with consensus being reached as to the radiographic findings. Clinical records were also reviewed. Results. The levels of injury were C6 (n=5) and C5 (n=2). Injuries were associated with delayed anterior subluxation (n=4) and neurological deficit (n=2). Five patients were male and one was female with a mean age of 31 years (range 8–59 years). Injuries resulted from motor vehicle accidents (n=4), a motor cycle accident (n=1) and a fall (n=1). Conclusion. ”Spinolaminar breach”, or disruption of the spinolaminar line, indicates a complex spinous process fracture with extension into the lamina and spinal canal. Spinous process fractures with spinolaminar breach may have associated posterior ligamentous injury with potential for delayed instability and neurological deficit. It is important that radiologists and physicians caring for the trauma patient be aware of this sign in order to avoid misdiagnosis as a ”clay shoveler’s fracture”, which can lead to adverse outcome. Received: 20 July 1999 Revision requested: 14 September 1999 Revision received: 13 October 1999 Accepted: 26 October 1999     

全反式维甲酸联合亚砷酸对NPM1阳性老年非早幼粒细胞急性髓细胞白血病患者的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的 研究全反式维甲酸（ATRA)联合亚砷酸(ATO)对NPM1阳性老年非早幼粒细胞急性髓细胞白血病（ non APL AML）患者的疗效。方法 选取2012年2月～2017年2月我院收治的NPM1老年非早幼粒细胞AML患者76例为研究对象。将其按照随机数字表法均分成观察组和对照组,每组各38例。对照组予以小剂量阿糖胞苷（LDAC）化疗,观察组则在LDAC基础上联合ATO及ATRA化疗。分别比较两组早期死亡率、完全缓解率、复发率情况,不良反应发生情况以及1年生存率情况。结果 观察组完全缓解率高于对照组,而复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜005）。两组肝功能损害、胃肠道反应以及头痛发生率比较差异无统计学意义（均P＞005）。观察组1年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜005）。结论 应用ATRA联合ATO及LDAC使老年NPM1阳性 non APL AML患者完全缓解率,降低复发率,延长1年生存率,具有较高的安全性,值得临床进一步研究。     

聂莉芳教授临床应用生石膏及其配伍治疗慢性肾脏病的经验研究

聂莉芳教授是国家级名老中医、中医肾病专家。聂教授认为慢性肾脏病的病因病机属本虚标实,常挟热、挟湿、挟瘀,故临床遣方用药宜正邪兼顾,临床诊治时常在益气养阴的基础上加用清热利湿化瘀之品。生石膏是聂教授临床上常用的清热药之一。聂教授临床应用生石膏并灵活配伍治疗多种慢性肾脏病,疗效满意,值得后辈继承和发扬。     

Biomechanical Study of Intramedullary Versus Extramedullary Implants for Four Types of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture

ObjectivesTo compare the biomechanical performance of proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA), the “upside‐down” less invasive plating system (LISS), and proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP) in fixing different fracture models of subtrochanteric fractures.MethodsThirty composite femurs were divided into three equal groups (PFNA, PFLP, and reverse LISS). The implant‐femur constructs were tested under axial compression load (0–1400 N) from models I to IV, which represented the Seinsheimer type I subtrochanteric fracture, type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment reduced; type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment lost; and type IV subtrochanteric fracture, respectively. Axial stiffness was analyzed for each group. Each group was then divided into two subgroups, one of which underwent torsional and axial compression failure testing, while the other subgroup underwent axial compression fatigue testing. The torsional stiffness, failure load, and cycles to failure were analyzed.ResultsPFNA had the highest axial stiffness (F = 761.265, p < 0.0001) and failure load (F = 48.801, p < 0.0001) in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were significantly higher than those of the LISS (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference in axial stiffness was found between models I to III (model I: F = 2.439, p = 0.106; model II: F = 2.745, p = 0.082; model III: F = 0.852, p = 0.438) or torsional stiffness in model IV (F = 1.784, p = 0.187). In fatigue testing, PFNA did not suffer from construct failure after 90,000 cycles of axial compression. PFLP and LISS were damaged within 14,000 cycles, although LISS withstood more cycles than PFLP (t = 3.328, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe axial stiffness of the three implants was similar in models I to III. The biomechanical properties of PFNA were the best of the three implants in terms of axial stiffness, failure load, and fatigue testing cycles in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were better than those of the reverse LISS, but PFLP had fewer cycles in the fatigue tests than the reverse LISS.     

The novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates used for internal fixation of elderly quadrilateral surface involved acetabular fractures

ObjectivesIn geriatric acetabular fractures, the quadrilateral surface (QLS) was frequently involved in acetabular fracture patterns and accompanied by medial displacement. It was important to buttress the medial displaced QLS and reconstruct the congruity of the affected acetabulum. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the novel infra‐pectineal quadrilateral surface buttress plates for the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures.MethodsTwenty‐three geriatric patients who were treated for acetabular fractures involving QLS with the novel infra‐pectineal buttress plates (NIBP) through a single supra‐ilioinguinal approach between January 2015 and June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed; all patients received at least 1 year''s follow‐up. All patients were aged ≥60 years old and including 18 males and five females. Radiologic and clinical outcomes of patients involved in the study were collated and analyzed according to the Matta scoring system and the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The functional recovery scoring was compared using q‐test.ResultsAll 23 consecutive patients had relatively satisfactory clinical treatment effectiveness. Average ages, length of incision, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were 69.8 ± 6.1 years, 12.1 ± 2.6 cm, 166.5 ± 43.5 min, and 500 (500,700) ml, respectively. According to the Matta scoring system, 14 cases of reduction were graded as excellent, five as good, and four as fair. At the last follow‐up, the clinical outcome evaluation was excellent in 13 cases, good in seven cases, and poor in three cases with the use of the Merle D''Aubigné–Postel scoring system. The difference of modified Merle D''Aubigne‐Postel score at 3 months, 6 months and last follow up was statistically significant (F = 21.56, p < 0.05). Postoperative lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in three patients and heterotopic ossification occurred in one patient.ConclusionsFor the treatment of geriatric acetabular fractures, the NIBP could provide stable and effective fixation to the QLS involved acetabular fractures, and related satisfactory clinical results with few complications were noted.     

T形钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

桡骨远端骨折十分常见,部分不稳定的粉碎性骨折,手法复位失败,则需要手术治疗。2002年4月-2006年2月,我科手术治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者28例,效果满意。