呼吸内科护理质量控制指标构建与应用

目的构建呼吸内科护理质量控制指标,为呼吸内科护理质量评价提供依据。 方法基于文献回顾、小组访谈建立初始指标,邀请来自北京、河南、上海、安徽、山东17家三甲医院的18名专家进行两轮函询筛选指标,经全国护理质量促进联盟专家审议确定最终指标。收集某三甲医院2022年1月-6月指标数据验证资料收集可操作性。结果确定了包含过程指标3项、结果指标2项的呼吸内科护理质量控制指标。两轮专家函询问卷有效回收率均为100％,权威系数分别为0.86、0.87,肯德尔协调系数（Kendall’s W）分别为0.238、0.336。某三甲医院5项呼吸内科护理质量控制指标的分子和分母数据均完整收集。结论构建的呼吸内科护理质量控制指标具有一定可靠性,体现了呼吸内科特点。     

手术室护理质量控制指标构建与应用

目的构建手术室护理质量控制指标,为持续改进手术室护理质量提供依据。方法基于文献回顾、小组讨论、专家函询、全国护理质量促进联盟审议等确定手术室护理质量控制指标。于2021年10月-12月在全国19家三甲医院手术室进行试应用。结果手术室护理质量控制指标涵盖结构指标2项、过程指标5项、结果指标1项。19家医院手术室护士与手术间比例中位数为3.2:1,工作日手术间平均开放时间为9.89 h,手术安全核查正确执行率、手术物品清点正确执行率、外科手消毒正确率、手术标本管理规范合格率、手术间环境卫生消毒合格率、术中2期及以上压力性损伤发生率的合计率分别为83%、86%、83%、88%、95%、0%。结论手术室护理质量控制指标为评价手术室护理质量提供了工具,为持续改进手术室护理质量提供了参考。     

血液透析护理质量控制指标构建与应用

目的构建血液透析护理质量控制指标,为持续改进血液透析护理质量提供依据。方法基于文献回顾、专家评价、德尔菲法等初步确定指标,经由全国护理质量促进联盟血液净化专业组讨论后最终确定血液透析护理质量控制指标。于2021年11月在陕西省119家医院血液透析室进行试点应用。结果共确定了5项血液透析护理质量控制指标。陕西省119家医院血液透析室护患比均达到1:0.5,体外循环凝血发生率、体外循环漏血发生率、内瘘穿刺损伤发生率、血液透析导管相关血流感染发生率分别为0.468%、0.033%、0.663%、0.199‰,二级医院各项指标发生率均高于三级医院。结论血液透析护理质量控制指标适用于血液透析专科护理管理与质量评价。建议各省血液净化、护理质控中心从信息平台、质量评价标准、指标数据填报人员培训、基层帮扶、适宜血液透析护理技术推广等方面持续改进血液透析护理质量。     

“六新”模式推动临床护理高质量发展:以陕西省人民医院为例

护理学科高质量发展促进公立医院高质量发展。介绍了陕西省人民医院以符合时代要求的护理管理、患者体验、人才队伍、学科建设、效率提升、文化建设为切入点的临床护理高质量发展“六新”模式,对实施成果进行总结分析,并从信息化建设角度思考如何进一步推进临床护理高质量发展,为推动临床护理高质量发展提供参考。     

肺结核专科护理质量评价指标体系的构建

目的：构建肺结核专科护理质量评价指标体系,为肺结核临床护理质量管理提供参考依据。方法：以Donabedian的“结构–过程–结果 ”三维质量评价模型为理论基础,通过文献检索、德尔菲专家函询法、层次分析法确立肺结核专科护理质量评价指标体系。结果：共有45名专家完成两轮函询,问卷有效回收率均为100%;专家权威系数（Cr）分别为0.822和0.859;两轮函询肯德尔协调系数（Kendall’s W）分别为0.140～0.379和0.107～0.665,P均<0.01。根据条目筛选标准、专家意见及院内外专家小组会议讨论结果,确立终版评价指标体系含一级指标3项,二级指标18项,三级指标73项。结论：肺结核专科护理质量评价指标体系结构合理,构建过程科学、可靠,可为肺结核专科护理质量管理及专业学科发展提供理论参考。     

基于“互联网+”模式教学在肝胆胰外科护理教学中的效果分析

目的：探究基于“互联网+”模式教学在肝胆胰外科护理教学中的效果。方法：选取河南省人民医院2022年1月至2022年10月来肝胆胰外科实习护生200名作为研究对象,按照随机数字表分组方法分为对照组与观察组,各100例。对照组采用常规护理教学模式,观察组采用“互联网+”模式教学。比较两组实习护生考核成绩、学习能力、批判性思维能力及教学满意度。结果：观察组实习护生考核成绩、学习能力、批判性思维能力及教学满意度均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论：在肝胆胰外科护理教学中采用“互联网+”教学模式可提升实习护生考试成绩、学习能力及批判性思维能力,并使其获得较高的教学满意度。     

护理风险管理对急性心肌梗死PCI治疗患者风险事件发生的影响

目的探讨护理风险管理对急性心肌梗死PCI治疗患者风险事件发生的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2019年12月在我院行PCI治疗的107急性心肌梗死患者,根据护理方法不同分为对照组(n=53)和观察组(n=54)。对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上行护理风险管理。比较两组患者PCI治疗后风险事件发生情况及护理满意度。结果观察组PCI治疗后风险事件发生率为7.41%,明显低于对照组的22.64%(P <0.05)。观察组护理满意度为98.15%,明显高于对照组的83.02%(P<0.05)。结论护理风险管理对急性心肌梗死PCI治疗患者的效果显著,可明显减少风险事件的发生,提高患者对护理工作的满意程度。     

整体责任制护理对乳腺癌手术患者生活质量及护理满意度的影响

目的探讨整体责任制护理对乳腺癌手术患者生活质量及护理满意度的影响。方法选取2019年6月至2020年6月期间于我院行手术治疗的71例乳腺癌患者,随机分为两组。对照组35例采用常规护理,观察组36例采用整体责任制护理。比较两组护理前后的生活质量及护理满意度。结果护理后,两组的生活质量各维度评分均显著高于护理前,且观察组的生活质量评分均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组的护理满意度为91.67%,显著高于对照组的68.57%(P <0.05)。结论整体责任制护理可有效改善乳腺癌手术患者的生活质量,提升其护理满意度。     

Nursing Home Residents’ Functional Trajectories and Mortality After a Transfer to the Emergency Department

ObjectiveTo describe nursing home residents’ (NHRs) functional trajectories and mortality after a transfer to the emergency department (ED).DesignCase-control observational multicenter study.Setting and ParticipantsIn total, 1037 NHRs presenting to 17 EDs in France over 4 nonconsecutive weeks in 2016.MethodsFinite mixture models were fitted to longitudinal data on activities of daily living (ADL) scores before transfer (time 1), during hospitalization (time 2), and within 1 week after discharge (time 3) to identify groups of NHRs following similar functional evolution. Factors associated with mortality were investigated by Cox regressions.ResultsTrajectory modeling identified 4 distinct trajectories of ADL. The first showed a high and stable (across time 1, time 2, and time 3) functional capacity around 5.2/6 ADL points, with breathlessness as the main condition leading to transfer. The second displayed an initial 37.8% decrease in baseline ADL performance (between time 1 and time 2), followed by a 12.5% recovery of baseline ADL performance (time 2?time 3), with fractures as the main condition. The third displayed a similar initial decrease, followed by a 6.7% recovery. The fourth displayed an initial 70.1% decrease, followed by an 8.5% recover, with more complex geriatric polypathology situations. Functional decline was more likely after being transferred for a cerebrovascular condition or for a fracture, after being discharged from ED to a surgery department, and with a heavier burden of distressing symptoms during transfer. Mortality after ED transfer was more likely in older NHRs, those in a more severe condition, those who were hospitalized more frequently in the past month, and those transferred for cerebrovascular conditions or breathlessness.Conclusions and ImplicationsIdentified trajectories and factors associated with functional decline and mortality should help clinicians decide whether to transfer NHRs to ED. NHRs with high functional ability seem to benefit from ED transfers whereas on-site alternatives should be sought for those with poor functional ability.     

Nurse Decision-making for Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Nursing Homes: Potential Targets to Reduce Antibiotic Overuse

ObjectivesTo determine what information is most important to registered nurses' (RNs) decisions to call clinicians about suspected urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home residents.DesignWeb-based discrete choice experiment with 19 clinical scenarios.Setting and ParticipantsOnline survey with a convenience sample of RNs (N = 881) recruited from a health care research panel.MethodsClinical scenarios used information from 10 categories of resident characteristics: UTI risk, resident type, functional status, mental status, lower urinary tract status, body temperature, physical examination, urinalysis, antibiotic request, and goals of care. Participants were randomized into 2 deliberation conditions (self-paced, n = 437 and forced deliberation, n = 444). The degree to which evidence- and non–evidence-based information was important to decision-making was estimated using unconditional multinomial logistic regression.ResultsFor all nurses (22.8%) and the self-paced group (24.1%), lower urinary tract status had the highest importance scores for the decision to call a clinician about a suspected UTI. For the forced-deliberation group, body temperature was most important (23.7%), and lower urinary tract status was less important (21%, P = .001). The information associated with the highest odds of an RN calling about a suspected UTI was painful or difficult urination [odds ratio (OR) 4.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.16–5.65], obvious blood in urine (OR 4.66, 95% CI 3.99–5.44), and temperature at 101.5° (OR 3.80, 95% CI 3.28–4.42). For the self-paced group, painful or difficult urination (OR 5.65, 95% CI 4.53–7.04) had the highest odds, whereas obvious blood in urine (OR 4.39, 95% CI 3.53–5.47) had highest odds for the forced-deliberation group.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study highlighted the importance of specific resident characteristics in nurse decision-making about suspected UTIs. Future antimicrobial stewardship efforts should aim to not only improve the previously studied overprescribing practices of clinicians, but to improve nurses' assessment of signs and symptoms of potential infections and how they weigh resident information.