Sámi education in Finland

The purpose of this article is, first, to describe Sámi children's education and its status in the Finnish education system and, secondly, to contemplate its development in Finland. The core of the article is intertwined with issues concerning the status, language, and culture of indigenous peoples. According to the article, the western school dominates instruction and teaching and is spirally connected to the assimilation, power relations, and socialisation process that the Sámi have experienced. The practical framework for Sámi education (based on the earlier findings of the authors) which would direct teaching arrangements and comprehensive pedagogy drawn from the own premises of the Sámi people is reviewed. The Sámi world-view and Sámi values and culture should occupy a central position in teaching, but also in the curriculum.     

上海市松江区流动人口健康相关行为调查

[目的]了解松江区流动人口健康相关行为状况及影响因素,以有效开展针对性的干预活动,提高流动人口的健康水平。[方法]通过流行病学现况调查,对564名研究对象进行问卷调查。[结果]564名研究对象中,95.57%的流动人口平常饮用开水;经常吃冷食品的流动人口仅占4.96%,87.23%的流动人口家里能够做到经常开窗通风,77.80%的流动人口能够做到饭前便后经常洗手。38.43%的对象表示平时不会注意传染病的防治,33.09%的对象对传染病知识宣传持无所谓态度。定期体检和生病后及时就诊的比例也仅分别为28.83%和54.03%。分析结果显示,研究对象的年龄、性别、文化程度及家庭月收入对流动人口的健康相关行为产生影响。[结论倡导健康卫生生活方式,加强宣传教育和多部门合作,提高服务和宣教的针对性,促进流动人口的身心健康。     

Clinical Update on Normal Tension Glaucoma

ABSTRACT

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a common form of open-angle glaucoma that can lead to significant visual morbidity. There has been considerable debate as to whether NTG fits within the spectrum of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The relative roles of intraocular pressure and pressure-independent factors in this disease have also been debated. This review provides an extensive analysis of key clinical features, differential diagnoses, and potential pathophysiologic mechanisms, both intraocular and systemic, of NTG. Findings of major clinical trials and evidence-based guidelines for management are also reviewed.     

Weight loss interventions in young people (18 to 25 year olds): a systematic review

This systematic review assesses weight loss interventions in young adults (18–25 years), who are vulnerable to weight gain. This age group experience critical life course points (leaving home for higher studies or job, pregnancy, cohabitation) and develop/establish lifestyle and behavioural patterns making this an opportune intervention period. Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library were searched (1980 to March 2008). All trials and cohort studies with control groups that assessed weight loss interventions in this specific age group were included finally identifying 14 studies. Before and after comparison of behavioural/motivational interventions (?2.40 kg; 95% CI ?5.4 to 0.6) and combination interventions (?2.96; 95% CI ?4.4 to ?1.5) consistently showed weight loss. Behavioural/motivational interventions increased self‐efficacy, the desire to control weight, boosted self‐esteem, and increased satisfaction with body areas and appearance. Interventions also showed improvements in HDL cholesterol, insulin, glucose and maximum oxygen uptake. However, recruitment to participation in interventions was a barrier for this age group with small sample sizes and short‐term interventions. There may be gender differences in preference to participation in certain type of interventions. Further research to understand attitudes towards healthy lifestyle and preferences of interventions is needed to develop suitable interventions for this vulnerable age group.     

Recruitment of frail older people to research: lessons learnt through experience

BACKGROUND: With the emphasis on the need for clinical governance and evidence-based practice in the healthcare industry there is increasing pressure on researchers to provide tangible research evidence of the effectiveness of new treatments, interventions and services. Recruiting an adequate size of sample is an important factor in the success or otherwise of a study to answer the research question. Difficulty in the recruitment of older people to research is widely acknowledged. However, much can be achieved to maximize the success of this process. AIMS OF THE PAPER: This paper describes and explores our experience of recruiting frail, older people to research, with particular emphasis on ensuring quality in the process of research related to ethical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment of frail older people to research can be a complex process in which the awareness and integrity of the researcher is key in upholding the principle of nonexploitation. It is important not to underestimate this difficulty and to ensure that the data collection period is sufficient to recruit adequate numbers. There is a need to continue to develop and refine recruitment skills and strategies to maximize the involvement of frail older people to research while protecting their right to refuse.     

老年患者颅内破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的护理

目的总结老年患者颅内动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的护理。方法对73例行介入治疗的老年破裂动脉瘤患者，术前加强多方位观察，控制合并症，积极准备，术中默契配合，术后严密观察，预防并发症。结果73例患者均成功实行血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗，其中动脉瘤致密栓塞91．2％（65例），大部栓塞8．8％（8例），患者术中术后出现脑血管痉挛5例，术后再破裂出血2例，并发肺部感染24例，电解质紊乱9例。出院时GOS评分：完全恢复55例，轻残7例，重残6例，植物状态3例，死亡2例。结论血管内介入治疗作为一种微创、有效的颅内动脉瘤的治疗方法，做好围手术期护理，有利于降低并发症的发生率，延长老年患者的生命，提高生存质量。     

Megafaunal meiolaniid horned turtles survived until early human settlement in Vanuatu,Southwest Pacific

Meiolaniid or horned turtles are members of the extinct Pleistocene megafauna of Australia and the southwest Pacific. The timing and causes of their extinction have remained elusive. Here we report the remains of meiolaniid turtles from cemetery and midden layers dating 3,100/3,000 calibrated years before present to approximately 2,900/2,800 calibrated years before present in the Teouma Lapita archaeological site on Efate in Vanuatu. The remains are mainly leg bones; shell fragments are scant and there are no cranial or caudal elements, attesting to off-site butchering of the turtles. The new taxon differs markedly from other named insular terrestrial horned turtles. It is the only member of the family demonstrated to have survived into the Holocene and the first known to have become extinct after encountering humans.     

老年人药物性食管炎21例分析

目的探讨老年人药物性食管炎的病因、诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析21例老年人食管炎的临床资料。结果21例老年人药物性食管炎患者均服用不同药物，其发病均和药物有明确的相关性，经治疗均痊愈。结论不正确的服药方法及老年人生理改变是老年人药物性食管炎的主要原因。     

Health screening for people with learning disabilities by a community learning disability nursing service in Northern Ireland

Over the last 30 years there has been a considerable increase in the life expectancy of people with learning disabilities. This has resulted in changing patterns of morbidity and mortality and an increasing recognition of the health needs of people with learning disabilities. Major strides forward have been made in the reduction of preventable illnesses among the general population. However, among people with learning disabilities such illnesses have received only limited health promotion attention until recently. In the last decade major gaps have been identified in the ability of current primary health services to respond to the needs of people with learning disabilities. The need to respond effectively to this situation has been identified as a priority by the current United Kingdom Government. Following an overview of the literature in relation to the changing health profile of people with learning disabilities and the need for health screening, consideration is given to some of the key difficulties which may be encountered when attempting to utilize current primary health services. The analysis of data derived from the health screening of 373 people with learning disabilities by a community nursing service in Down and Lisburn Health and Social Services Trust reveals the need for further action in relation to cardiovascular status, sensory deficits, mobility and aspects of sexual health.