儿童股骨骨折弹性髓内钉治疗术后骨不连原因分析

目的:探讨儿童股骨骨折微创钛制弹性髓内钉内固定术后骨不连的原因。方法:选择采用微创切口,置入钛制弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童股骨骨折,经x线照片证实骨不连的8例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。分别从弹性髓内钉的针选择、骨折类型、手术操作过程、功能锻炼等方面分析骨不连原因。结果:8例骨不连患儿:3例主要与克氏针粗细有关;2例存在骨折类型选取不当;3例存在功能锻炼不正确。结论:微创钛制弹性髓内钉治疗儿童股骨骨折必须严格掌握适应证,术后功能锻炼及术后负重时间不能太早,这样才能减少骨不连的发生。     

锁定加压钢板结合髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干下1/3骨不连

目的探讨锁定加压钢板结合髂骨植骨治疗肱骨干下1/3骨不连的疗效。方法对19例肱骨干下1/3骨不连患者,取出原内固定,自体髂骨植骨,锁定加压钢板(LCP)固定,术后行X线片检查和肩、肘关节功能评估。结果本组19例均随访8个月~33个月,平均15.6个月,所有患者术后均骨折愈合,平均愈合时间4.9个月(3个月~8个月),术后并发桡神经麻痹2例。根据X线片及肩肘并节功能疗效判定:优13例,良4例,差2例,功能优良率为89.5%。结论肱骨干骨不连的最主要原因是固定装置不稳定,采用锁定加压钢板(LCP)结合髂骨植骨可提高固定强度,促进骨折愈合,能够获得较好的肩、肘功能。     

Low-intensity electromagnetic and mechanical modulation of bone growth and repair: are they equivalent?

 Signals from both electromagnetic fields (EMF) and ultrasound (US) have a clinically significant effect upon bone repair. Both modalities are now a common part of the orthopedist's armamentarium for the care of delayed union, nonunion, and fresh fractures. Dynamization or controlled weight bearing also enhances bone repair. Consideration of the dosimetry of both EMF and US modalities suggests a possible unifying mechanism for the bioeffects from EMF, US, and strain-generated potentials (SGP) signals based on the time-varying electric field, E(t), associated with each type of stimulus. The E(t) field is directly induced with EMF devices and indirectly induced via the streaming potentials associated with the mechanical movement of ionic fluids within bone caniculi or directly past cell surfaces from US and SGP signals. It is shown that both electrically and mechanically induced E(t) have common waveform characteristics at the treatment site and thus can deliver similar doses of electrical stimulation. It is proposed that the time-varying endogenous electric field, E(t), from a time-varying change in the mechanical environment of healing or remodeling bone, can act as a dose-dependent growth stimulus. Thus, the primary messenger affecting cellular activity is E(t), suggesting that bone repair or remodeling may be interchangeably modulated using mechanical (including US) or electromagnetic signals. Received: December 8, 2001     

手术治疗四肢骨折后骨不连263例

目的回顾性分析四肢骨折后骨不连的发生原因及手术治疗结果。方法1996年5月～2005年8月共收治263例四肢骨折后骨不连患者。骨不连部位：股骨近端13例,股骨干57例,胫骨81例,肱骨51例,尺桡骨44例,锁骨5例,髋臼2例,舟骨3例,距骨4例,其它3例。本组患者全部采用手术治疗,其中交锁髓内钉固定157例,钢板螺钉固定72例,外固定架固定34例。植骨方法：单纯自体松质骨移植189例,自体松质骨混合其它材料移植57例,带血管蒂的游离骨瓣移植10例,自体骨髓移植4例,骨加压延长术3例。结果本组患者发生骨不连的主要原因为应力干扰和局部血供差,其次为感染、骨缺损及骨折复位不良、对位差、骨折间隙过大。242例患者获平均14．3个月(4～48个月)随访。242例患者均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均为5．3个月(3～18个月)。其中220例患者(90．9%)肢体功能优,无跛行等后遗症；22例患者(9．1%)遗留邻近关节活动受限、肢体短缩及跛行等许发症。结论骨不连的发生原因是多方面的,如果在治疗骨折时足够重视,多数骨不连可以避免。骨不连采用手术重新固定加自体植骨可获得良好疗效。     

分叉交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合的疗效分析

[目的]探讨分叉交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合的疗效。[方法]自2000年1月～2004年11月，用分叉交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合25例，均取出原内固定物，顺行插入分叉交锁髓内钉，术中同时行自体松质骨植骨。[结果]20例得到随访，随访时间为10～26个月，所有病例4～10个月均骨性愈合，无切口感染及骨髓炎的发生。[结论]分叉交锁髓内钉内固定能有效控制不良的剪应力，可提供牢靠固定，并发症少，是治疗肱骨干骨折不愈合的理想方法。     

带血管骨皮瓣移植治疗胫骨感染性骨不连

[目的]回顾总结带血管骨皮瓣移植治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的方法和疗效。[方法]从2002年8月~2004年8月,应用单边外固定架稳定骨折端,同时行带血管骨皮瓣移植治疗18例胫骨感染性骨不连,男15例,女3例,年龄18~51岁,平均34岁。清创后胫骨缺损3~8 cm,软组织缺损4 cm×3 cm~18 cm×9 cm。14例行带血管髂骨皮瓣移植修复,4例行带血管肩胛骨皮瓣移植修复,术后随访8~30个月,平均17个月。[结果]18例骨皮瓣全部成活,胫骨及软组织缺损Ⅰ期修复,外固定架固定牢固,获得骨性愈合时间8~13个月,平均10个月,3例出现外固定架钉道感染,1例发生取髂骨处疼痛。[结论]带血管骨皮瓣移植联合外固定架固定是治疗胫骨感染性骨不连行之有效的方法,Ⅰ期解决骨及软组织缺损的问题,促进骨的愈合。     

重建钢板与克氏针固定治疗锁骨骨不连的对比研究

目的比较重建钢板与克氏针固定治疗锁骨骨折骨不连的疗效. 方法 1991年9月～2002年1月采用两种材料固定治疗19例锁骨骨不连,男9例,女10例,年龄34～75岁.病程4～10个月,平均5.4个月.其中,重建钢板组9例,克氏针组10例.根据复位质量、骨愈合时间、肩关节功能、外观畸形、局部有无疼痛及体力劳动等情况评定疗效. 结果 19例均获随访6～23个月,平均11个月.骨愈合时间9～14周,平均11周.重建钢板组:优7例,良1例,可1例;克氏针组:优3例,良3例,可3例,差1例.重建钢板组优于克氏针组(P＜0.05). 结论重建钢板固定是治疗锁骨骨折骨不连的有效方法.     

Does concomitant ulnar styloid fracture and distal radius fracture portend poorer outcomes? A meta-analysis of comparative studies

PurposeAn ulnar styloid fracture often occur in association with a distal radial fracture. Whether an ulnar styloid fracture interfere with the results of a distal radial fracture still remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of an accompanying ulnar styloid fracture on clinical outcomes in patients with distal radial fractures.MethodsA meta-analysis of published studies comparing outcomes of distal radial fractures with an ulnar styloid fracture versus isolated distal radial fractures was performed. Outcomes of function results, radiological evaluation, and patient reported scores were analyzed.ResultsTen studies including 1403 distal radius fractures were identified fitting inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in wrist motion, grip strength, radial height, volar angle, ulnar variance, pain score, PRWE score, or SF-36 score for distal radial fractures associated with an ulnar styloid fracture versus isolated distal radial fractures. In final follow up, patients with associated an ulnar styloid fracture had lower radial inclination and higher DASH scores. But there was no significant clinical difference. In addition, we found there was no significant difference of outcomes between union and non-union ulnar styloid fractures.ConclusionsBased on this meta-analysis, we suggest that an associated ulnar styloid fracture does not affect the outcomes of a distal radial fracture and clinicians should be caution in electing operative treatment for patients with an ulnar styloid fracture.     

Preventing delayed union after distal shortening oblique osteotomy of metatarsals in the rheumatoid forefoot

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical methods to prevent delayed union after the distal shortening oblique osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals in the rheumatoid forefoot.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 107 patients. The patients were classified into the following four groups, each of which represented the addition of a surgical technique to reduce postoperative delayed union: 1st group: original surgical method; 2nd group: a normal saline was dripped on the oscillating saw; 3rd group: the incised periosteum was sutured; 4th group: the osteotomy sites were ligated. The frequencies of delayed union were assessed.

Results: Delayed union occurred in 21 of the 127 metatarsals (16.5%) in the 1st group, 13 of the 99 metatarsals (13.1%) in the 2nd group, 5 of the 94 metatarsals (5.3%) in the 3rd group, and 6 of the 136 metatarsals (4.4%) in the 4th group. The frequency of delayed union decreased significantly with improved surgical procedures (p?=?0.0003).

Conclusions: A combination of techniques that included dripping normal saline on the oscillating saw, ligating the osteotomy sites, and suturing the periosteum at the osteotomy sites decreased the frequency of delayed union after the distal shortening oblique osteotomy of the metatarsals in rheumatoid arthritis patients.     

The missing effect of human recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 in surgical treatment of aseptic forearm nonunion

IntroductionIn this cohort study, the surgical revision concept of open compression plating and autologous bone grafting with and without additional application of BMP for treatment of aseptic ulna and/or radius shaft nonunion was evaluated. The purpose was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome, and to determine any difference in osseous healing, range of time between revision surgery and bone healing, and postoperative complications between the cohort groups.Patients and methodsBetween 01/2005 and 03/2015, a prospective, randomised, controlled cohort study was performed in a Level I Trauma Centre. Forty-nine patients were treated with the diagnosis of aseptic diaphyseal ulnar and/or radial shaft nonunion using compression plating and autologous bone grafting. Additional biological augmentation using BMP-2 or BMP-7 was performed in 24 patients. Clinical and radiological follow-up was performed six weeks, three and six months after revision surgery in accordance to the system by Anderson.ResultsThe study group consisted of 38 men and 11 women with a median age of 44 years (range 19–77). Twenty-four out of 49 patients obtained compression plating either with autologous iliac crest bone grafting (11/24 patients) or cancellous bone grafting (13/24 patients) and additional application of BMP-2 (4/24 patients) or BMP-7 (20/24 patients). The remaining 25 patients did not receive any additional application of BMP, but autologous bone grafting. The median follow-up was 15 months (range 6–54 months). Forty-six out of 49 nonunion healed within 12 months after revision surgery with a median time to union of six months. The clinical outcome, as assessed using the system by Anderson, as well as osseous healing, duration of time interval between revision surgery and bone healing, and postoperative complications did not demonstrate significant differences between the cohort groups.DiscussionAtrophic/oligotrophic forearm nonunion healed irrespective of additional application of BMP combined with autologous bone grafting. For successful treatment, radical resection of fibrous nonunion tissue and internal compression plate fixation is required with the aim of achieving high degree of rigid stability. Also, correction of angular deformities, restoration of length, and precise axial alignment of the distal radio-ulnar joint are mandatory prerequisites to successfully achieve bone healing.