骨搬移技术治疗下肢长骨骨缺损的断端并发症分析

目的观察骨搬移技术治疗下肢长骨骨缺损的断端并发症,分析并发症发生的影响因素。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2011-01采用骨搬移技术治疗的29例创伤性慢性骨髓炎导致下肢长骨骨缺损和12例创伤后非感染性下肢长骨骨缺损。记录并发症发生率,并对断端并发症进行单因素分析。结果本组41例均获得满意随访,随访时间9~65个月,平均15.7个月。治疗周期9~65个月,平均30.1个月。断端并发症:骨不愈合25例(60.98%),接触面积不足5例(12.20%),软组织嵌顿14例(34.15%),对线不良11例(26.83%)。单因素分析显示,感染是骨搬移过程中断端骨不愈合的影响因素,软组织条件差是骨搬移治疗过程中断端软组织嵌顿的影响因素,股骨骨缺损是骨搬移治疗过程中断端对线不良的影响因素。结论骨搬移技术治疗下肢长骨骨缺损中断端骨不愈合、软组织嵌顿、对线不良等并发症发生率较高,在治疗过程中感染、软组织条件差、股骨骨缺损患者需引起骨科医师的足够重视。     

Clinical Outcome of Free Vascularized Fibula Graft for Nonunion of Garden IV Femoral Neck Fracture of 13 Years Duration: A Case Report

BackgroundFemoral neck fractures in young patients are mostly caused by high‐energy trauma and demonstrate more displacement and vertical fracture surfaces, which increase nonunion and osteonecrosis risks. Free vascularized fibula graft (FVFG) is effective in treating old femoral neck fractures and nonunion; however, available data are limited to patients within 2 years after injury or revision surgery. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with femoral neck fracture at the age 9 and treated with FVFG 13 years later.Case presentationA 9‐year‐old Asian girl who experienced left hip pain after an injury was diagnosed with Garden IV left femoral neck fracture, which was treated through manipulation reduction and fixed with splints. At age 16, the pain worsened after another injury and was considered to be in the physical development stage. She refused surgical treatment; hence, the fracture was fixed externally with splints. At age 22, she was hospitalized owing to a 12‐day left hip pain with restricted movement caused by a fall. She was diagnosed with old Garden IV femoral neck fracture nonunion and treated with FVFG. Seven years postoperatively, imaging showed that the left femoral neck was internally fixed, the fracture had healed, and the Harris score was 90 points. The 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey responses revealed that the patient''s physiological functioning, emotional well‐being, energy, and mental health were normal. She achieved satisfactory functional results and resumed her normal daily life.ConclusionFVFG could provide satisfactory outcomes for long‐term old femoral neck fractures.     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折骨不连合并膝关节僵硬

目的:介绍用交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折骨不连合并膝关节僵硬的方法与疗效。方法:对18例股骨干骨折骨不连合并膝关节僵硬患者采用手术松解粘连、交锁髓内钉固定、植骨治疗,术后早期应用CPM机锻炼。结果:18例均随访6～24个月,肢体无畸形,骨折均达骨性愈合,平均愈合时间8.5个月。膝关节功能按Kolmert评定标准优良率94.4%。结论:应用交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折骨不连合并膝关节僵硬,操作简便,固定牢靠,骨折愈合快,关节功能恢复好,是首选的治疗方法。     

股骨髁或髁上骨折不愈合的一期人工全膝关节置换

目的:探讨股骨髁或髁上骨折不愈合的一期人工全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)的可行性和疗效。方法:2002年1月～2011年10月对股骨髁或髁上骨折不愈合患者17例行一期TKA手术,男性7例,女性10例;年龄34～72岁,平均56.9岁。股骨髁上骨折11例,髁间骨折6例。其中3例伴有膝纤维性强直及轻度肌肉萎缩,2例合并膝关节侧副韧带损伤,5例合并股骨髁上纤维性愈合,2例感染性骨不愈合。结果:所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～84个月,平均47.1个月。美国特种外科医院(The Hospital for Special Surgery,HSS)膝关节评分从术前平均5.21±7.32分(0～14分)提高至末次随访时平均84.7±8.12分(83～94分)。膝关节活动度由术前平均30.3°±13.7°(0°～44°)提高至末次随访时平均100.7°±8.7°(86°～110°)。屈伸活动度增加50°～90°,平均75.1°。患者均无感染、松动、下肢深静脉血栓形成、膝关节不稳及双下肢不等长等并发症。结论:虽然股骨髁或髁上骨折不愈合的一期TKA手术难度大,通过选择合理的手术方案能达到很高的手术成功率,短期随访疗效良好。     

Gamma 3髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗粗隆间骨折骨不连

目的 探讨Gamma 3髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗粗隆间骨折骨不连的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年10月—2016年4月武汉第四医院骨科收治的7例粗隆间骨折骨不连患者的临床资料。其中男6例、女1例,年龄42～68岁。7例患者均是外伤导致的粗隆间骨折,骨折按AO分型,31A2.2型2例,31A2.3型4例及31A3型1例。初次手术至此次手术时间10个月～3年,平均17个月。7例患者均采用Gamma 3髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗,观察手术时间、出血量、骨愈合时间及并发症发生情况,术后12个月采用Harris评分标准评定髋关节功能。结果 7例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间1.7～2.2 h,平均2 h。术中出血量350～520 mL,平均430 mL。患者切口均一期愈合。7例患者均获随访14～32个月,平均21.7个月。患者均获骨性愈合,愈合时间16.6～22.7周,平均17.3周。无下肢深静脉血栓形成、髋内翻、拉力螺钉切割股骨头及断钉等并发症发生。术后12个月采用Harris评分标准评定髋关节功能:优6例,良1例。结论 应用Gamma 3髓内钉固定结合自体髂骨植骨治疗粗隆间骨折骨不连具有翻修成功率高的特点,患者可以获得较好的功能恢复,是一种有效的粗隆间骨折骨不连翻修方法。     

Profunda femoris artery pseudoaneurysm following revision for femoral shaft fracture nonunion

Femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (FAPs) have been described following internal fixation of intertrocantheric, subtrocantheric and intracapsular femoral neck fractures as well as core decompression of the femoral head. The diagnosis of FAP is usually delayed because of non-specific clinical features like pain, haematoma, swelling, occasional fever and unexplained anaemia. Because of the insidious onset and of the possible delayed presentation of pseudoaneurysms, orthopaedic and trauma surgeons should be aware of this complication. We report a case of Profunda Femoris arterial branch pseudoaneurysm, diagnosed in a 40-year-old male 4 wk after revision with Kuntscher intramedullary nail of a femoral shaft nonunion. The diagnosis was achieved by computed tomography angiography and the lesion was effectively managed by endovascular repair. The specific literature and suggestions for treatment are discussed in the paper.     

兔骨不连模型成骨过程的影像与组织学对照分析

目的 通过影像与组织学对比观察,探讨兔骨不连模型成骨过程中不同时期的成骨特点.方法 选取纯种新西兰大白兔10只,在其双前肢桡侧沿桡骨中段截骨;对左侧行夹板外固定,定为愈合侧;对右侧不做固定,每天在麻醉下使骨断端被动活动避免其愈合,定为骨不连侧.在术后第1、2、4、6、8周分别进行X线检查及组织学对比观察.结果 X线示术后2周骨不连侧与愈合侧肢体骨痂的成量和断端的连接状况开始出现较明显的差异.组织学观察示术后1周骨不连侧与愈合侧肢体组织学开始出现差异,主要表现在血管重建、骨细胞形成及纤维组织增生方面.结论 对骨折后骨断端组织血供及成骨活性的判定是早期诊断骨不连的主要依据,准确判定有助于临床干预时相的选择.     

以隐血管为蒂的逆行股骨内侧髁骨瓣骨皮瓣的解剖学研究及临床应用

目的　为治疗胫骨骨不连和骨缺损提供一种新方法。方法　通过解剖学观察膝降动脉关节支及隐支的关系,并摹拟手术证实以隐血管为蒂的逆行股骨内侧髁骨瓣的切取可能。结果　尸体摹拟手术4例,切取后关节支均有墨汁显示。临床应用2例,切取骨瓣分别为5.0cm×2.0cm×1.5cm及4.5cm×1.5cm×1.5cm均有活跃渗血。随访8～12周,骨折愈合良好。结论　应用以隐血管为蒂的逆行股骨内侧髁骨瓣骨皮瓣治疗胫骨骨不连和骨缺损具有手术方法简便,疗效可靠,易于推广等优点。     

杜仲补肾健骨颗粒对骨折不愈合患者血清标志物和血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨杜仲补肾健骨颗粒对骨折不愈合患者血清标志物和血液流变学的影响。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年12月在日照市中医医院就诊的胫骨骨折不愈合患者74例,采用简单随机化法分为2组,各37例。对照组给予交锁髓内钉治疗,术后常规处理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予杜仲补肾健骨颗粒口服,观察2组术前、术后1个月、术后2个月骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(s VCAM-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、特异性碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平及血液流变学指标,统计2组骨痂生成时间。结果:观察组术后1个月、2个月BMP-2、IGF-1、VEGF、ALP与同期对照组比较均显著升高(P0.05);s ICAM-1、s VCAM-1、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度和红细胞聚集指数与同期对照组比较均显著降低(P0.05);少量骨痂、中量骨痂、大量骨痂和临床愈合时间与对照组相较均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:杜仲补肾健骨颗粒联合交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨骨折不愈合可加速骨折愈合,具有临床推广价值。     

Clinical and patient-reported outcomes following Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS,Exogen) for established post-traumatic and post-surgical nonunion in the foot and ankle

BackgroundBiophysical methods including Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) are emerging as potential alternatives to revision surgery for treating established nonunions. We aim to prospectively review the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of patients treated with LIPUS following post-traumatic and post-surgical nonunions in the foot and ankle.MethodsForty-seven consecutive patients underwent Exogen treatment. Patient-reported outcome scores included MOXFQ, EQ-5D and VAS. Patients were divided in to 3 groups: fractures (A), hindfoot procedures (B) and midfoot/forefoot procedures (C).ResultsThirty-seven patients (78.7%) clinically united, 4 patients (8.5%) noticed no significant improvement but did not want further intervention and 6 patients (12.8%) underwent revision surgery. The mean duration of Exogen treatment was 6 months. Union rates of 93%, 67% and 78% were noted in the three groups. Significant improvement in functional outcomes and potential cost savings were observed.ConclusionsExogen for established nonunion in the foot and ankle is a safe, valuable and economically viable clinical option as an alternative to revision surgery. We observed better results in the fracture and midfoot/forefoot groups and relatively poorer results in the hindfoot fusion group.