异体脱钙骨移植修复儿童期骨不连接

目的　总结同种异体脱钙骨移植修复小儿骨不连接的效果。方法　 1990年 4月～ 1997年 9月 ,用无菌操作法取同种异体的新鲜尸骨制成的脱水脱钙骨块移植修复小儿先天性骨不连接 3例 ,后天性骨不连接 14例。结果　术后随访 2～ 9年。一次手术成功 9例 ,经二次手术成功 7例 ,1例先天性胫骨假关节经二次手术 ,术后 6个月有新生骨生长 ,1年后再复发。成功的 2例先天性胫骨假关节以及 5例慢性骨髓炎骨不连接 ,随访发现肢体有1.5～ 3.0 cm的短缩 ,但关节功能正常。结论　同种异体脱钙骨修复小儿骨不连接具有骨诱导能力强 ,抗原性低 ,骨愈合快和来源丰富、使用简便等特点。     

Clinical outcome of interprosthetic femoral fractures treated with polyaxial locking plates

IntroductionTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are common procedures in the increasing older population. According to the AAOS, approximately 19,200 Americans are actually living with ipsilateral prosthetic hip and knee leading to 240 interprosthetic fractures annually. Few reviews and case reports give an idea of the obvious problem to achieve consolidation in interprosthetic fractures. Preconfigured plates have been shown to be superior compared with other treatments in patients with stable components. Utilization of internal fixators for interprosthetic fractures might be advantageous.The purpose of this study was to evaluate interprosthetic femoral fractures with polyaxial locking plate treatment in regard to surgical procedure, complications, and clinical outcome.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2012, 143 patients underwent surgical treatment for periprosthetic femur fractures. Thirty-two fractures were identified as interprosthetic fractures. Five patients were excluded. Fractures were classified according to OTA/AO system, Vancouver, Rorabeck, Soenen and Pires. Trauma fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons performed the surgeries using a NCB-construct (Zimmer Inc., Warshaw, IN). Plate choice was determined according to radiographic classification. Submuscular plate insertion was performed if possible. Complications were recorded concerning infection, union, fixation failure, and revision surgery.ResultsTwenty-seven patients were identified. There were 92.6% females. Follow-up by regular outpatient clinic visits was 24 months. Surface replacements were found in 18 TKA. Nine patients had a stemmed femur component of their TKA. 89% healed after the index procedure. Three patients developed a nonunion with 1 construct leading to hardware failure. Previous revision THA or Pires/modified Vancouver classification did not influence nonunion formation, but all patients with nonunion formation were classified as AO/OTA type B (p = 0.001). These fractures were treated with longer plates (p = 0.015), but with similar working length (p = 0.400). Plate design, additional cerclages, or submuscular insertion did not influence nonunion formation.ConclusionInterprosthetic fracture treatment remains challenging. NCB-locked plating can achieve satisfactory results. Additional soft tissue damage can be prevented by submuscular plate insertion. Treatment of type B fractures resulted in significantly greater nonunion rate. Therefore, consideration of the individual fracture type is essential to determine plate length, plate type, and additional bone grafting or BMP supplementation.     

Negligence claims following non-union and malunion of long bone fractures: An analysis of 15 years of data

IntroductionNon-unions and malunions are recognised to be complications of the treatment of long bone fractures. No previous work has looked at the implications of these complications from a medicolegal perspective.MethodsA complete database of litigation claims in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery was obtained from the NHS Litigation Authority. Two separate modalities of the treatment of long bone fractures were examined i) non-union and ii) acquired deformity. The type of complaint, whether defended or not, and costs were analysed.ResultsThere were claims of which 97 related to non-union and 32 related to postoperative limb deformity. The total cost was £8.2 million over a 15-year period in England and Wales. Femoral and tibial non-unions were more expensive particularly if they resulted in amputation. Rotational deformity cost nearly twice as much as angulation deformities.ConclusionsThe cosmetic appearances of rotational malalignment and amputation results in higher compensation; this reinforces an outward perception of outcome as being more important than harmful effects. Notwithstanding the limitations of this database, there are clinical lessons to be gained from these litigation claims.     

Vascularized bone grafts for scaphoid nonunions

Scaphoid fractures that fail to unite are at risk of developing avascular necrosis and progressive structural collapse, thereby complicating attempts at revision surgical treatment. Vascularized bone grafts have demonstrated utility in promoting consolidation in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions complicated by avascular necrosis. Numerous pedicled and free vascularized grafts have been described with variable, but generally favorable, outcomes. Understanding the indications for different grafts is critical to the successful application of these techniques and grafts in the treatment of challenging scaphoid nonunions.     

老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折不愈合诊治分析

目的探讨老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折不愈合的诊治方法 ,分析经皮椎体成形术（PVP）与经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年10月～2012年12月收治的20例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折不愈合患者的临床资料。15例患者行PVP手术,5例患者行PKP手术。术后采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、伤椎前缘、中部高度丢失百分比（%）评估治疗效果。结果经影像学评估显示,术后患者病椎高度明显增加,术后3 d病椎高度[（16.2±2.4）mm]与术前[（12.1±1.5）mm]比较差异有统计学意义（t=6.479,P=0.029〈0.05）,但术后1个月与术后3 d比较,差异无统计学意义（t=1.402,P=0.14〉0.05）。全部患者疼痛症状均得到明显缓解,术后3 d患者VAS评分[（1.3±0.2）分]与术前[（8.5±1.1）分]比较差异有统计学意义（t=29.600,P=0.02〈0.05）,但术后1个月与术后3 d比较,差异无统计学意义（t=1.240,P=0.59〉0.05）。结论 PVP及PKP手术都能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折不愈合患者的胸背部疼痛,具有创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少,早期疗效确切等优点,明显提高了患者的生活质量。